In the history of literature, the Song Dynasty was famous for its ci, and it was in its heyday. In the Song Dynasty, ci became popular in the whole society, and a large number of new tones appeared.
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Yan Shu, Zhang Xian and others inherited Huajianji, completing the transition from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty. Liu Yong, the first reformer, appeared in the transformation, and he created a lot of Su Shi's slow words. In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi became a poet and created the school of the uninhibited. Coupled with the artistic creation of Qin Guan, He Zhu and others, various styles of Song Ci flourished. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, Zhou Bangyan learned from others and carried out a series of comprehensive work, which reflected the maturity and deepening of Song Ci.
After Du Nan, the creation of Song Ci appeared a new situation. In the early Southern Song Dynasty, the graceful school was dominated by Zhang, Li Qingzhao, the most accomplished poetess, as the representative of the graceful school. In the mid-Southern Song Dynasty, patriotic words and bold words developed unprecedentedly, and the great poet Xin Qiji appeared. The works of the great poet Lu You and Xin Ci complement each other. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were two giants, Jiang Kui and Wu Wenying.
2. Song poetry
Song poetry has made new progress on the basis of inheriting the tradition of Tang poetry. Ouyang Xiangxiu has developed in ideological content and artistic expression, and many outstanding poets and works have appeared.
In the early period of Northern Song Dynasty, there were mainly three schools, namely "White Style", "Late Tang Style" and "Kunxi Style", which followed the Tang Style, but did not form the unique style of Song Dynasty. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, poets came forth in large numbers, forming different schools. Wang Anshi's Gong Jing Style, Su Shi's Dongpo Style and Huang Tingjian's Valley Style dominate the poetic style.
In the mid-Southern Song Dynasty, with the emergence of ZTE poets such as Lu You, Yang Wanli and Fan Chengda, the poetry of the Song Dynasty reached its second peak. Lu You's patriotic poems have achieved great success. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, with the depression of patriotic will, poetry creation entered a period of decline, and a group of "Jianghu poets" became famous in the poetry circle. But "the country is unfortunate, the poet is lucky", and the change of national subjugation in the Southern Song Dynasty has created patriotic poets such as Wen Tianxiang.
3. Wen Song
Prose in Song Dynasty developed from the ancient prose movement advocated by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty. Liu Kai first advocated ancient prose in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. Shi Jie lashed out at "Quincy Style" in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Ouyang Xiu was the first master and founder of prose in Song Dynasty. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the prose of the Song Dynasty entered the golden age of development. Su Xun, Ceng Gong, Wang Anshi and other "six gentlemen" under Su Shi are active in the literary world.
Prose in the early Southern Song Dynasty was full of patriotic passion. Li Gang advocates that "articles should be based on qi". The works of Zong Ze, Yue Fei and Lu You are all inspired by fierce ethnic contradictions. The prose in the late Southern Song Dynasty was more patriotic. The works of Wen Tianxiang, Zheng Sixiao and others shine with the light of patriotism.
Parallel prose in Song Dynasty also inherited some fine traditions of parallel prose in Tang Dynasty and developed. Xu Xuan and Yang Yi in the early Song Dynasty were successors in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. In the period of Ouyang Xiu, with the victory of the ancient prose movement, parallel prose also underwent great reforms, and began to develop in a new direction in style, with the emergence of Ceng Gong, Wang Zao, Fang Yue and other parallel prose masters.