abstract
Li Qingzhao was a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, and also a female writer with a special position in the history of ancient China literature. Although the ideological significance and social value of his poems have been controversial in past dynasties, they have fully affirmed his artistic achievements. Then, in addition to the "graceful and restrained" characteristics recognized by theorists in past dynasties, what are the main aspects of Li Ci? This paper attempts to make a brief analysis of this problem from three aspects with today's vision and combined with her specific works: first, a beautiful and noble lyric heroine image; Second, the daily life scenes with mixed scenes and coherent circulation; Third, fresh and natural, pure and beautiful spoken English. The conclusion that this paper particularly emphasizes is that Li Ci has left a series of independent and interrelated images of intellectual women for later generations and contemporary generations, filled the blank in the history of ancient literature in China and enriched the figure gallery in the history of ancient literature in China.
Keywords: Li Qingzhao's artistic characteristics of intellectual women's images
Li Qingzhao, who claimed to be a layman in Yi 'an, was an outstanding writer in Song Dynasty. Her ci works are called "Yi 'an Style" (1) by contemporary and later generations because of their distinctive personality style and charm. In fact, there are not many Li Ci poems, and so far there are only more than 50 (2) poems. Judging from the theme and content, Li Qingzhao's ci mainly describes nothing more than the writer's "love for natural scenery and wandering feeling for the four seasons" and "parting from sorrow and recalling the past" (3). Its social value and ideological significance were controversial in feudal society, but in the Southern Song Dynasty, its status was no less than a graceful word. Her ci has always been loved by people in classical times, and there are still many famous works that people read and play as swan songs. This undoubtedly mainly depends on Li Ci's outstanding artistic achievements. This paper attempts to combine Li Qingzhao's ci theory with some concrete works, and makes a brief analysis of the artistic characteristics of Li Qingzhao's ci in comparison with some poets.
First, the beautiful and noble, sad and lyrical heroine image
Compared with the first-person narrator's "in my heart forever", a "flower school", and most poets who write pronouns at the same time, Li Qingzhao's poets not only express their feelings in their poems, but also express their feelings. Whether outside the word or inside the word. In Li Qingzhao's few poems handed down from ancient times, almost every capital has created a lyrical heroine image with distinct image and unique personality, which is consistent with the poet's own life experience, thoughts and feelings. They are different from women in other words, but are portrayed, guessed and used metaphorically, or show the external beauty of the body, or show strong male imagination, or have nothing to do with women at all; It is a kind of female self-narration and self-narration, which shows the unique inner beauty of women's own mind. With the development of the age, life experience, thoughts and feelings of the writer, the lyric hero image in Li's poems presents distinct personality characteristics.
Li Qingzhao's early life was relatively calm and comfortable. She has read a lot of literary works since she was a child, influenced by good literature, and has developed a high literary accomplishment, which is intelligent, noble, lively and cheerful. The images of young women in her early ci have this distinct personality characteristic. "Kick the swing, get up and adjust your hands. Beside her, the thin Germany hung with crystal dew, and the sweat on her chest permeated with the thin silk robe. Seeing someone coming, socks shoveled away Jin Chai and left in shame. Looking back at the door, Wen Qingmei. " A few details, a few things and a series of actions have created a light, lively, charming, shy and innocent girl image. "Always remember XiTing sunset, drunk don't know the way home. Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. Fight for the ferry, fight for the ferry, and open a beach of gulls and herons. " (Like a dream) What is displayed here is the image of a group of girls, including the writer herself, showing the natural modality of girls who are enthusiastic, lively, unrestrained, naughty and competitive, and naive. In the writer's quiet and leisurely memories, there are many feelings of nostalgia and yearning. "Last night, the rain dispersed suddenly, a deep sleep without residual wine. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there. Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat and thin. " This is a beautiful and elegant image of a young woman with delicate feelings, who loves flowers and cherishes them. It expresses the writer's complex thoughts and feelings of loving spring and reluctant to leave in spring.
After the marriage, Li Qingzhao and her husband are like-minded, consistent in poetry and wine, and have deep feelings. They are not as cheerful and shy as girls, but more straightforward and bold as young women. The lyrical heroine images in her works have the characteristics of sincere and strong feelings, outstanding talents, noble and open tastes, fresh and clear style and beautiful and natural realm. These lyric heroines are deeply addicted to the love and affection of husband and wife and sisters, and pursue the broad development of self-spirit. "Red lotus root fragrant residual jade long autumn. Gently untie Luo Shang and go to Lan alone. Who sent the brocade book? The word goose returns, and the moon is full of the west building. Flowers bloom and fall, and flowing water gurgles. One kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation. You can only frown and take it to heart. " This is a lyric poem written by Li Qingzhao in memory of her husband who left home for a long time shortly after marriage. Strongly expressed her deep love for her husband and the ubiquitous suffering of lovesickness, with deep and warm feelings, natural style and bold expression. "Tears wet Luo Yi powder full, 40% off Yang Guan, sing to listen to. The humanities mountain is long and the water is broken, and the rain is raining and lonely. Farewell, forget to leave, the wine is deep and the wine is shallow, so as to pass the book through the geese. Donglai is not as far away as Penglai. " ("Love Flowers Always Send Sisters") This word is unique to women's naivety, profundity, euphemism and delicacy, which expresses the reluctance to part with my sister and hometown. This is the emotional side. "Who is in love with * * *" ("butterfly lovers") "How many things feel like the wind, now No Country for Old Men" ("Linjiang Xian"), or hope to learn from others in poetry learning, or feel sad for the passage of time and nothing. "Nature may be intentional, so teach the bright moon and exquisite. * * * bounty honor green ant, don't get drunk. This flower is inferior to the flowers in the group. " (The Fisherman's Pride) highlights the desire to "pour out ideals and ambitions and look forward to making contributions" and "embodies Li Qingzhao's lofty feelings, broad vision and cheerful mind".
Jingkang's difficulties were forced to cross, and the death of her husband and family ruined her life, which became the boundary between the early and late periods of Li Ci. A series of changes and blows, as well as the hardships of life, made the lyrical heroine image in Li Ci in the later period change from a pure girl and a beautiful young woman in the early stage to a middle-aged and elderly woman full of sorrow. "The Milky Way turns in the sky, and the human curtain hangs. Liangsheng's pillow was covered with tears. He took off his clothes and asked, What is night? The emerald lotus is small, and the golden lotus root leaves are thin. Old weather and old clothes, only feel different, hometown! " ("Nan Gezi") Tears fill my pillow, and I feel endless sadness. Touching things is more painful: the country is broken and the family is dead, and the husband is injured. -What a sad and painful feeling! "The sunset melts gold, and the clouds merge. Where are people? Dye willow smoke and play plum blossom flute. What do you know about spring? Is there no wind and rain when the weather is harmonious during the Lantern Festival? Come and meet each other, enjoy the BMW and thank the wine friends for their poems. Zhongzhou is in its prime, and the boudoir is full of leisure. Remember points three to five. Pave a green crown, draw golden snow willows, and compete with them. Now I am haggard, windy and frosty, and I dare not go out at night. It is better to listen to people laughing under the curtain. " (Yong Yu Le) has experienced the tragic pain of the death of the country and her husband, and has become very sensitive: even on the Lantern Festival, the weather is warm, there is no reason to worry about unexpected storms, and it cannot dispel the sadness of "where are people?" I would rather decline the invitation of drinkers and poets, and go alone to "listen to people laugh under the curtain" to suppress my thoughts and sadness about my hometown. "Where is my hometown, I won't go home until I get drunk" (Bodhisattva Man) and "Dreaming of Chang 'an in vain and recognizing Chang 'an Road" (dying in Hua Lian) clearly express the sadness of my country's loss that I can't get rid of day and night. During her exile, she often missed her hometown in the Central Plains, such as "Where is my hometown? Forget it, unless I'm drunk, written by Bodhisattva Xia, and Dreaming of Chang 'an in vain and Recognizing Chang 'an Road, written by butterfly lovers, all reveal her deep nostalgia for the lost north. She misses her past life more, such as the famous slow word "Ode to Yule" and recalls the past events of Luo Jing's "Zhongzhou heyday"; [Transferred from Man Fang Ting] The Pond in Cao Fang recalls the "winning reward" of that year, compares the good life in the past with the bleak and haggard life today, and places the yearning for the old country. In her poems, she fully expressed her deep sadness in her lonely life. For example, Wu Lingchun expressed her uncontrollable and unspeakable sadness by writing the feeling that "things are human beings who are wrong and do everything they can" and "the voice is slow" by writing the situation of "searching and searching". Another example is the sadness of "The ends of the earth are far away this year, and the temples are full of flowers" in Qingpingle, and the sadness in "The Lonely Goose" is based on the broken country and miserable life, so her participle is an artistic summary of the suffering and personal unfortunate fate of that era.
It is not difficult to see that the lyrical heroine images in Li Qingzhao's works have the characteristics of aristocratic intellectual women with high IQ and emotional intelligence, and are irreplaceable because they are integrated with the writer's own identity, experience, cultivation, emotion, style and interest. Compared with the female images in Wen and Liu Yong's works who are good at describing women, the female images in Li's poems are all "aristocratic women, not as pale and empty as Wen, but also the pursuit of love, without the vulgar and frivolous" 5 "in Liu Yong's works. True feelings are the bones of words, and the true feelings of words are more important. Before Li Qingzhao, graceful and restrained ci writers mostly took men as the theme, writing amorous feelings and deep feelings, and Li Qingzhao was the first person who took women as the standard, expressed his love and hate, experienced great changes in his home country and achieved unprecedented success. His early love stories, such as Pruning Plums and Blowing in the Phoenix Terrace, are full of emotion, full of nonsense, natural and frank, and can best reflect the pure and delicate spiritual beauty of women, which is unmatched by the love stories written by male writers in previous dynasties. Later, he wrote sad and disorderly words, such as Wuling Spring, Slow Voice, Song of Eternal Sorrow, Lonely Goose and so on. Every sentence is filled with sobs, blood and tears, which are full of sadness and shock. These sad songs, such as A Thousand Tears and Sorrow, which can't be carried by this sentimental song, are a true portrayal of Li Qingzhao's bumpy life, tragic life and disaster times, which are from the hands of passionate poets and rooted in real life feelings.
It is with her unique talents, sincere feelings, noble tastes and beautiful realm that Li Qingzhao has created a complete series of images of intellectual women from pure girls, beautiful teenagers to sad women, which are both distinct and independent, and become a unique gallery in the history of ancient China literature, which mainly expresses high IQ and emotional intelligence, and is noble and sad. This is the most remarkable feature of Li Ci's art and his unique contribution to China literature.
Second, the scene blend, coherent and smooth scenes of daily life
Compared with great poets such as Su Shi and Xin Qiji, who are good at grand narration and used to using historical allusions in their ci, Yi 'an's ci has the second remarkable feature that they often choose daily boudoir affairs, courtyard scenery and life scenes, and use emotional entry and control to shape their images and express their feelings. "She is good at expressing and expressing her feelings into a developing and flowing process" [6].
Shu Yu's ci does not emphasize truth, but uses predecessors' poems, and is good at creating moving artistic conception with lines. Yi 'an's sketch is different from Liu Yong's "smooth" and beautiful and rich classics, but "blurting out proverbs and moving the realm". For example, "Drunken Flowers" writes dignified thinking: "The curtain rolls west wind, and people are as thin as yellow flowers." "Yong Yu Le" writes loneliness and loss: "It is better to listen to people laughing under the curtain." They are all written in plain language with deep feelings, scenes, characters and backgrounds. In front of the stage, I spent my heart on Iraqis, thinking of the image of lovesickness, closing the curtains, feeling lonely and bitter, showing my mental journey of swallowing endless sadness, which is vivid and unforgettable. The sketch of Shuyu Ci is muddy, subtle and graceful, without a trace of simplicity. Xiang Xingzi and Sha Pai: "It's sunny, rainy and windy!" Although the astronomical phenomena are described in spoken language, it inevitably reminds people of the changes of the world and the turmoil of love, and its profound meaning is endless.
Before the personal upheaval, as an aristocratic woman in the feudal era, Li Qingzhao's main life was naturally inseparable from the boudoir and courtyard, so it is not surprising that most of Yi 'an's poems chose the daily boudoir and courtyard scenery. What is commendable is that she can not only send affection to things, but also empathize with the scenery, truly achieving the unity of meaning and things, and also achieving the goal of loving things and feeling better than scenery; It's far more than just expressing things and feelings. "The fog is thick and the clouds are sad forever, and the brain disappears the golden beast. Double Ninth Festival, lying in bed, in the middle of the night, the cold on my body has just been soaked. Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. Mo Tao is immortal, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. " (Drunk Flower Songs) The screenwriter naturally blends the depression and boredom of the lyric heroine into the gloomy weather and burning brain; Also, through the cool night of the festival, I described my loneliness and homesickness; Finally, I wrote a west wind shutter, which made people homesick when they saw the yellow flowers. I feel that "people are thinner than yellow flowers" and I can't tell which is the scenery and which is the state of mind. It's ingenuity and ingenuity. "Who planted a banana tree at the window? Yin fills the atrium; Yin fills the heart, leaves warm the heart, relax and be affectionate.
Sad pillow night rain, a little light rain; A little rain, worried about the loss of northerners, not used to listening! "(Adding Words and Picking Mulberry Seeds) In the lonely and sad days when the writer witnessed the southern banana, he naturally felt that" the leaves were tender and comfortable "; Sad and sleepless, the visual image during the day was postponed to the auditory image at night, and I couldn't help but be filled with sorrow when listening to the sound of rain hitting banana, so that I was "sad for northerners and not used to listening". In this way, the "northerners" who watch and listen to bananas are integrated with bananas. "The wind will set the fallen petal deep, red snow outside the curtain. I remember for a long time that after begonia blooms, it is the season of hurting spring. The wine column sings jade and honors the sky, and the blue cylinder is dark and bright. The dream of the soul is unbearable, even more embarrassing. "(Good Things Near) The screenwriter chooses a special scene with many falling flowers and thick petals outside the curtain, trying to render a sad and shocking atmosphere, but he has to" recall "his past experience, and the superposition of the old and the new is even sadder; The curtains are also full of people, and the blue light will go out, which is even more bleak, strongly expressing a lonely and scattered mood. "Dream broken sad, wine; The treasure pillow gives birth to cold, and the emerald screen is bright. Who sweeps the door is red, and the wind comes at night. Where does the sound of jade flute break people? Spring has gone again, and I have to bear the responsibility of returning. I hate this situation. I'm going to ask Dong Jun. "(The Hatred between the Prince and the Sun) People are" worried about wine "and" precious pillows give birth to cold ",and the scenery is the withered petals swept away by the night wind. This is exactly what people are worried about. The bleak scenery even renders a melancholy mood. The following film points out that the husband "shoulders the responsibility of going home" and even expresses the loneliness and sadness of the lyric heroine, which is a portrayal of the writer's own mood. Such examples can be said to be everywhere in Li's ci. Some commentators even regard "she poured strong and true poet feelings into her own words" as the most important reason why Li Qingzhao achieved "independence" and "became a great poet". Li Qingzhao wrote an essay "On Ci" in her early years, and put forward a unique view of Ci, which was an important theory of Ci in the Song Dynasty and also became the theoretical basis of her creation of Ci. The style of Li Qingzhao's ci is graceful, which is called "graceful ci school". In Shen Qian's Miscellaneous Notes on Ci and Hua, Li Qingzhao and Li Houzhu were mentioned together: "Li Houzhu is a man and Li Yian is a woman, which is true." Therefore, her words are "the best", and "the true colors of the times" is the first feature.
Not only that, Li Qingzhao is also good at capturing and describing scenes and fragments of daily life that are coherent but not scattered, flowing and developing rather than static according to the needs of the change and development of feelings and artistic conception in Ci. In Li's poems, there is always an inner lyric heroine who is consistent with the external lyricist-the poet, who is watching, listening, enjoying and worrying, and runs through the activities; Different from other poets' ci works, the personnel and scenery in them are often all or only at the mercy of external poets. In order to reduce the quotation of the original text, some words mentioned above are taken as examples to make some brief analysis. "Like a dream, never forget the sunset in Xiting" describes the touching scene and process of a group of young girls drinking and having fun, coming back at night, scrambling and clamoring for victory. A little red lips and a swing describes a girl who, after enjoying the swing, immersed herself in sweat and felt tired and tired. When she was rubbing her hands, she suddenly saw a guest coming. In her panic, her shoes fell off. She quickly slipped away, but she "leaned back against the door", smelling Xiang Mei and peeking at the fragments of the girl's life, which made people feel as if she was standing upstairs at that time. "Add words to pick mulberry seeds, who planted banana trees in front of the window" even wrote a lyric heroine from the day when she saw bananas in the south touch the heart of the north to miss her hometown in Yunting, to the night when she couldn't sleep with a pillow, and at midnight, she heard the monotonous sound of raindrops in a foreign land, dripping endlessly on banana leaves, adding to the feeling of a foreign land. Yong Yu Le Sunset Melts Gold not only describes the time, place, weather, scenery and atmosphere of a day, but also describes people, events, turning points and artistic conception. Really formed a coherent and complete segment of daily life, which is worth a short story. If the scenes described in many other poets' works are compared to several slides spliced together, then the scenes described by Yi 'an Jushi are a film reflecting daily life, which is not short of montage means, but also has the characteristics of coherent and flowing paragraphs. The comparison between the two brings readers an incomparable audio-visual effect and artistic feeling.
When Li Qingzhao commented on Yan Shuyuan's ci in On Ci, she lamented "no narrative". It can be seen that the coherent and flowing life scenes in her ci are not only handy daily experience, but also deliberate ingenuity. This is undoubtedly of great reference significance to today's poetry creation.
Third, fresh and natural, pure and beautiful popular spoken language.
Smelting household words. The language of Yu Shu's ci has a distinct personality. Liu Yong is a pioneer in introducing words into the market. His writing is popular and clear, but he is good at expressing himself, occasionally involving butterfly silence. Zhou Bangyan refined slang into elegance and used exquisite words. Li Qingzhao created a literary language characterized by naturalness and truthfulness. As the saying goes, "Use vulgar language to create fresh ideas" (Jin Su written by Peng). This language is an impact on the elegant ci style in the late Northern Song Dynasty. For example, "I'm afraid to leave my arms, so how much do I want to say" ("Remembering Xiao Feng at the Burning Wind Station"). As if inadvertently, blurt out, but carefully appreciate, but the meaning is multi-layered, very fine. Relatives are far apart and have a thousand words to say; Breaking up is fixed and there are many concerns. What's the use of saying it? Hate is hard to say goodbye, but it is hard to say and stings people. I'd rather bear it myself than increase the burden on the walkers. These heavy thoughts and subtle mentality are all expressed in everyday language and contain infinite significance. For example, "It's sunny, rainy and windy." "How can it be dark when you look out the window alone?" Handy, on the basis of colloquialism and popularization, a large number of vivid and vivid sentimental words are added, which do not tend to be dull, loose and weak, because it is the result of ingenuity and refinement on the basis of spoken language. So the pen is refined and alert, and the language is novel. Such as "snow is clear and jade is thin", "smoke is dark and rain is dark", "waves turn red", "Liu Yanmei cheeks", "red is rare and fragrant" and "cloud platform and moon land", which are simple, fresh, subtle and vivid, and are precisely "the strangest rise that seems ordinary, easy to do but difficult to do".
Words are different from poems. Words themselves are used for singing. This requires the language of words to be popular, colloquial and easy to sing and listen to. The language of Yi 'an Ci pays special attention to this essential requirement of Ci, which constitutes another important artistic feature of Yi 'an Ci.
Yi An's words are simple and natural, clear and easy to understand. Judging from the existing ci works, we can hardly find many difficult words and classical reasons. "In the snow every year, I often get drunk with plum blossoms, and when I have no desire with plum blossoms, I just win tears! I lived in a remote place when the plum blossoms were in bloom this year, and my ears were short and thin. Seeing that the wind is late depends on the plum blossoms. " ("Qingpingle") The whole word is used. Even today, thousands of years later, people with good knowledge of literature and ink read it, and there is no gap between words. As mentioned above, "Looking back at the door, I can smell the green plums" (Dianjiang Lip), "Fighting for crossing, fighting for crossing, starting a pool of gulls and herons" (like a dream), "I frown when I can't get rid of this feeling" (plum blossoms), "The old weather is old, only my feelings are different. Unless you are drunk (Bodhisattva Xia), you will forget that "dreaming of Chang 'an in vain and knowing Chang 'an Avenue" (dead Hua Lian) ... Today, it is still a common spoken language of the general public, even more plain and easy to understand than the lyrics of some popular songs that fascinate middle school students, without the bitterness of literati "dropping books".
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