What is the historical development of The Book of Songs?

The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. The Book of Songs was originally named "Poetry", and there were 305 * * * poems (in addition, there were 6 poems with no content, that is, no words, which were called Sheng Six. No content is Nanlang, Bai Hua, Shu Hua, Youkang, Chongwu, Youyi), so it is also called "Three Hundred Poems". [2] Confucianism has regarded it as a classic since the Han Dynasty, so it is called The Book of Songs. (The official use of The Book of Songs should begin in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty-Qu Wanli). Mao Heng in Han Dynasty annotated The Book of Songs, so it was also called Mao Shi. Most of the authors of the poems in The Book of Songs cannot be verified. The area involved is mainly the Yellow River Basin, starting from Shanxi and eastern Gansu in the west, southwest Hebei Province in the north, Shandong in the east and Jianghan Basin in the south.

The earliest works of The Book of Songs were written in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. According to the history books, anger was written by Zhou Gongdan. A batch of bamboo slips of Warring States in Tsinghua University in 2008 (referred to as Tsinghua bamboo slips for short) recorded that people celebrated drinking after defeating Li Guo, and the impromptu poem "Cricket" was closely related to the existing "Book of Songs tang style". The latest work was written in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. According to Zheng Xuan's Preface to Poetry, it is Martin Zhu Lin, which spans about 600 years.

* * * has three views on the compilation of The Book of Songs: "Wang Guan picked poems", "Confucius deleted poems" and "theory of offering poems":

Wang Guan collects poems: "Kong Xun Hunting" contains: "The ancient emperor ordered history to collect customs to observe folk customs." It is recorded in Hanshu Shihuozhi that the Zhou court sent special envoys to collect folk songs all over the country during the busy farming season, which were collected by Zhou historians and presented to the emperor to understand the people's feelings. Liu Xin and Shu also said, "Ask the three generations of Zhou Dynasty, and its director Qin Xuan is a car envoy and a human envoy. He patrolled the road in August and asked for generations of words and children's songs."

Confucius deleted poems: This statement can be found in Historical Records. It is said that there are 3,000 ancient poems, of which 300 were compiled by Confucius according to the standard of propriety and righteousness, and the book of songs was compiled. Confucius in Tang Dynasty, Zhu in Song Dynasty, Zhu Yizun in Ming Dynasty and Wei Yuan in Qing Dynasty were all skeptical. Zuo Zhuan records that Confucius had a stereotyped Book of Songs when he was less than 10 years old. In 544 BC, the order of wind poems written by Lu for Wu Gongzi was basically the same as the current Book of Songs [9]. At present, it is generally believed that The Book of Songs was collected by the vassal states with the assistance of the Zhou court, and then compiled by historians and musicians. Confucius also participated in the process of sorting out.

Offering poems said: At that time, in order to "test the beauty and evil of its vulgarity", the emperor ordered his ministers to offer poems. "Mandarin Zhou Yu" contains: "The Emperor listens to politics, so that his ministers can offer poems and songs to the scholars, ... learn from them, praise them and recite them."

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Qi, Lu, Han and Mao taught the Book of Songs. One is Pei, the other is Qi Yuangu, and the other is Ying. These three works, except the biography of Han poetry 10, do not exist. Qi Shi died in Cao Wei, Lu Shi in the Western Jin Dynasty and Han Shi Neijing in the Northern Song Dynasty. Today, only Shi Mao is circulated in the world. That is, Mao Heng with heavy hair and Fang Zhouzi with little hair. Every existing Shi Mao has a solution called "order". Most of its authors cannot be censored. At present, it is generally believed that most explanatory texts are not credible except a few. But the order of Mao has a great influence on later generations. The ancients used explanations in their poems and articles.

Zheng Zhenduo thinks that the biggest shortcoming of Preface to Mao's Poems is that it is attached to poems. The Qing Dynasty strongly advocated the restoration of the study of Mao Zedong and Zheng Zheng. Yan Ruoqu wrote poems, Mao Qiling wrote Egret Island's poems about subject and object, and Chen Qiyuan wrote Mao's epic poems, all with the intention of denying Zhu Xi's Biography of Poetry. Duan Yucai wrote Biography of Mao Poetry and Sun directed On Mao Poetry, with the intention of denying Zheng Xuan's theory. In addition, Pi's General Theory of the Book of Songs and his Three Poems further deny Mao's poetic theory and want to return to the meaning of "Qi, Lu and Han".