Historical evaluation and official historical deeds of "Wang Yucheng", biographies of characters and stories in "Wang Yucheng"
Wang Yucheng (954-1001 AD) was named Yuanzhi, Juye, Jizhou, Song Dynasty (today's Juye, Shandong) )people. Taizong became a Jinshi in the eighth year of Taiping and Xingguo's reign (983 AD). He once served as an official of Youshiyi, Zuo Sijian, Zhizhou and other officials. He was upright and outspoken, and was demoted three times.
Wang Yucheng was a famous writer in the early Northern Song Dynasty. What you do is oriented to social reality and comes from your feelings. Promote the realist literary creation tradition of Du Fu and Bai Juyi, and advocate reform and restoration. His poems sympathize with the sufferings of the people and condemn the extravagance of the bureaucrats and aristocrats, and are profound in content. The poems about scenery are clear and refined, fresh and pleasant. Ancient prose also has a distinct ideological tendency, and its language is approachable and approachable, which is different from the bad habits of the people of the time. His literary theory and creative practice had a positive impact on the poetry innovation movement that emerged later. There is "Little Animal Collection" handed down from generation to generation.
[Official History]
Wang Yuchen was named Yuanzhi, a native of Jeju. Born into a farmer's family, he was able to write at the age of nine. Bi Shi'an saw it and took advantage of it. In the eighth year of the Taiping and Xingguo reign, he was promoted to Jinshi and awarded the title of Master Wu. After moving to Changzhou County, he changed his position to Dali to commentate on affairs. In the same year when Luo Chu was born, he was in charge of Wu County. He chanted the sun phase and poems, and many people recited them. At the beginning of the Duan Gong period, Emperor Taizong heard of his name, called for an examination, promoted You Shiqian and Zhishi Guan, and bestowed Fei. According to the story, the one who bestowed scarlet hair was given a gold and silver belt, and the superior ordered him to be pampered with a rhinoceros belt. Today I present "Duan Gong Zhi" to contain regulations and satire.
At that time, Beiting was not at peace, so he visited the ministers to discuss matters. Yu Xianxian's "Ten Strategies for Controlling the Rong", roughly ② fake Han affairs to make it clear: "The twelve kings of the Han Dynasty said that those who are wise and wise are Wen and Jing; those who are confused and chaotic are sad and peaceful. However, in the era of Wen and Jing, the military The minister Shanyu is the most powerful, and he invades and plunders arbitrarily. When the fire reaches Yong, the fire shines on the sweet spring. When the military ministers of Han Wen are strong, they appoint people externally and cultivate the government internally so that they cannot be seriously ill. This is due to virtue. When Hu Han is weak, although there are no good generals externally, there are no good ministers internally. The reason for coming to court is due to the time. The country is now as vast as the Han Dynasty. How can your majesty, Emperor Wen, let the Khitans be as strong as the military officials Shanyu, and how can he wait to invade Yong? What's the problem with the fire shining on the sweet spring? It also depends on appointing people externally and cultivating good morals internally. The foolish officials thought: externally, we should combine the strength of the army and emphasize the power of the generals, remove the junior ministers from engaging in border affairs, and send spies away from their party, and send Zhao Baozhong and Zhe. The imperial minister led his troops to issue an edict to encourage the people on the border, so that they knew that taking the old territory of Yanji was not greedy for its land; internally, the provincial officials used generous funds, suppressed the scribes to stimulate the warriors, and trusted the ministers to support their plans. It is of no use to exercise discipline without honoring others, but to strengthen people's strength by prohibiting wandering." The emperor was deeply pleased. He also invited Xiahou Jiazheng, Luo Chuyue, and Du Haobiao to study the "Three Histories" from the same school, and many of them corrected it.
In the second year, he personally tested the tribute ministers, summoned Yu Kai, wrote poems and was established. Shangyue said: "This will not take more than a month to spread all over the world." He paid homage to Zuo Si for his admonition and Zhizhi's imperial edict. It was winter, and there was a drought in the capital. Yu said: "Not harvesting one grain is called hunger, and not harvesting five grains is called hunger. Food means the official and below will lose their salary; hunger means no salary, just food. Today there is a cloud of drought. The grain has not yet grown, and there is no savings. The people are worried about hunger. Wang Xiazhi said: "There is a gap between politics and religion among the ministers. They take the public to serve the emperor, and down to the officials, they are not the soldiers of the guards." , General of the Bianting Court, I have reduced the number to ⑧, in response to heaven's punishment, and to the people's disgust. When the rain comes back, I am the poorest in my family and have the least amount of money. I am also willing to reduce the number of people to redeem myself. Jiu (11). On the outside, there are things in the market, but on the inside, there are clever tricks. Those who invade the tombs are killed (12); those who are not robbed are released. In ancient times, tigers crossed rivers and locusts crossed borders, and officials in the prefectures and counties were warned. The other shortcomings of military and civilian punishments are not known to the ministers, but they are expected to be enacted by the ministers, but they will touch people's hearts and inspire harmony." p>
Not long after, Dali Temple was sentenced. Dao'an, a demon nun in Luzhou, falsely accuses Xu Xuan. Dao'an should sit down (13) and do not treat him if there is an edict. Yu Kai fought against Shuxue (14) and asked to discuss the crime of Dao'an. He was demoted to Shangzhou Tuanlian deputy envoy in (15) and moved to Jiezhou when he was more than 10 years old. In the fourth year, he summoned Zuo Zhengyan to worship him. Because of his upright nature and intolerance of things, he ordered the prime minister to warn him. In Zhizhao Wenguan, the beggar (16) was appointed as a foreigner for support. When he learned about Shanzhou, he was given 300,000 yuan. On the 15th day after arriving in the county, he was called Wai Lang, a member of the Ministry of Rites, and then learned about the imperial edict. He repeatedly offered benefits to Li Jiqian (17), thinking that Jiqian would be executed without any effort and could be obtained by trickery. It is said that it is appropriate to clarify the number of crimes committed by the successors, and inform the Tibetan and Han Dynasties to re-establish rewards and rewards. If the officials are high and have high official qualifications, then they will be killed. If they are not arrogant, they will be captured. Later, Pan Luozhi shot to death and moved again. The Xia people paid him a tribute and died (18) like Yu Kaice.
In the first year of Dao's reign, he was called into the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor, and was appointed to the Imperial Academy and Tongjin, Yintai, and Fengbo divisions. If the edict is inconvenient, it will be discussed in more detail. Empress Xiaozhang died and moved to Zi Palace (19), where she was the eldest princess of Yan Kingdom. The officials were dissatisfied. Yu Chen told his guests that after tasting his mother's rituals, the world should abide by the old rituals. After being slandered, he became a doctor in the Ministry of Industry and knew Chuzhou. At the beginning, Yu Chang tried to draft "Li Jiqian's System" and sent fifty horses to polish his pen, but Yu Chang refused. After leaving Chu, Zheng Bao from Fujian came to visit him on foot. Yu Chan liked his elegance and bought a horse. Some people say that they lost the price of buying horses. Taizong said: "He can move fifty horses, but Gu is willing to lose the price of (20) one horse?" He moved to Yangzhou. Zhenzong ascended the throne and moved to the Ministry of Punishment. He asked for outspokenness in the edict, and Yu Yu made a brief statement on five things:
First, be careful about border defense and maintain good alliances, so that the people who are traveling in chariots can have some rest. Now there is Khitan in the north and Qidan in the west. Although the Khitan did not invade the border, how could the garrison be reduced? Since the relocation has not returned, the payment of wages will be difficult to stop (21). The people of Guanfu are especially prone to hang upside down (22).
The foolish minister thought it would be appropriate to order the officials of the feudal territory to write to the ministers of Liao, so that (23) his master could be reached, asking for old friends. An edict was issued to pardon the crime of relocation, and he was reunited with Xiatai (24). He will be grateful and will let the world know that your Majesty has sacrificed himself for the people.
The second is to reduce the redundant troops and redundant officials, so that the people in the mountains and rivers can be slightly reduced. When Qiande and Kaibao were in power, the land was not vast and the wealth was not abundant. However, when attacking the east of the river and preparing for the north, the state supplies were not enough and the military power was strong. What is the meaning of peace? Because the troops accumulated are sharp and not numerous. , the reason why it will be used will be specific and unquestionable. Since then, we have taken over several countries in the southeast, and leveled the east of the river. The land and wealth can be said to be vast and abundant. However, the military power is weak, and the national needs have become urgent. What is the meaning of peace? Because the troops accumulated are redundant and not as sharp as possible, the generals used are It is because of the public but not of oneself. I am foolish enough to think that it is better to prepare military gifts through scriptures. If I open the treasure, I can rest easy and be in control. And there should be at least one official in Kaibao. I was a native of Lu and was registered in Jishang. Before I could reach the throne, there was only one governor and one secretary in the state. At that time, there was no shortage of things. Later, there was a regiment training to promote the official, and the country was peaceful and prosperous. The general judge, deputy envoy, judge, and push official were added, and four more officials were added to oversee the wine and tax calculation. In addition to Cao Guan, he is also a manager. Ask about its taxes, and they will be reduced to those in the past (25); ask about its people, and they will escape from the past. Once a state is established (26), the world can know it. The redundant officials are wasted on the top, and the redundant soldiers are wasted on the bottom. Therefore, all the benefits of the mountains and rivers are taken, but they are not enough. The benefits of mountains and rivers are shared by the people. Since the Han Dynasty, it has been taken for national use and cannot be discarded; however, it cannot be exhausted. For example, there has been no tax on tea since ancient times. In the Tang, Yuan and Zhong Dynasties, with the troops of Qi and Cai, tea was first taxed. According to the history of the Tang Dynasty, the amount of money earned per year was 400,000 guan, but now it is millions. How can the people afford it? The minister said that he would reduce redundant troops and redundant officials, so that the people in the mountains and rivers would be left behind.
The third is to conduct difficult elections so that officials will not be indiscriminately appointed. In ancient times, people were selected in the township examinations to select people for officials. Scholars and gentlemen studied and practiced at home, and then recommended them to the court. Although there have been evolutions in the past dynasties, this method has not gone far away. There were scientific examinations in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In Taizu's time, there were no more than thirty Jinshi and fifty Confucian scholars every year. It is important to note that princes are not allowed to submit memorials (27), and scholar-bureaucrats rarely have qualifications (28), so there are people who will never get a first rank in their lives, and those who have no teeth (29) will not get an official position. Taizong Yude Wangfan (30) saw this. After approaching the emperor, don't ask for preparations to take people, give up the short and use the long, pull out ten and get five. He will be in power for more than two centuries (31), and there will be nearly 10,000 people in rank (32). Although there are outstanding talents, some can be obtained easily. I foolishly thought that hundreds of years had been difficult, so the late emperor gave him a lot of help. After twenty years of prosperity, your majesty should correct it with the old chapter, hoping that there will be officials in the event, just like a story. As for the officers of the Ministry of Personnel, they are not a matter personally handled by the emperor. They have already been lowered to the fifth rank. They are called officials by decree. They are just ministerial posts, prefectures and counties. Although there are restrictions on the selection of officials in the capital, most of them are not implemented. I am foolish enough to think that it is appropriate for the official department to still have divisions, so I can prepare it according to the imperial edict.
The fourth is to eliminate monks and nuns in the sand, so that the tired people will not have to worry about it. In ancient times, there were only four people, but not many soldiers. The ancient method of building wells and fields is that farmers are soldiers. Since the Qin Dynasty, warriors have refused to accept agriculture. In addition to the four peoples, another people has been born, so agriculture has become more difficult. However, if you hold on to the goal of defending the country, you can't leave. After the Han and Ming Dynasties, Buddhism flowed into China, and people were saved and temples were built. The number increased in the past dynasties. Clothes without silkworms, food without plowing, this is in addition to the five peoples, and it is beneficial (33) to make one into six. Suppose there are ten thousand monks in the world, and they eat one liter of rice per day and one bolt of silk every year. This is extremely frugal. It is equivalent to spending three thousand hu of dendrobium per month and ten thousand strings of silk every year (34), not to mention fifty or seventy thousand generations. Isn’t it true that the people are beetles? I foolishly think that the state can save the people and build many temples. Calculating the cost, it is nothing more than (35) billions. In the past, I did not hesitate (36) and gave a lot. If the Buddha had a spirit, wouldn't he be blessed? It is obvious that serving the Buddha is ineffective. I hope Your Majesty will understand the root cause of the problem and eradicate it as soon as possible. Just like at the beginning of your succession, you did not want to frighten this generation, and you can do it for twenty years without letting people build temples, so that they will be ruined, and this will also save one of the shortcomings.
The fifth is to be close to ministers and distant people, so that loyal and good people (37) know how to advance without doubt, and thrifty and skillful people (38) know how to retreat but are afraid. The husband is the head of state, and the ministers are the thighs and thighs, which means they are of the same body. If you get the person, don't doubt it; if you don't know the person, don't use it. Anyone who talks about the prosperity of emperors would not say that during the time of Yao and Shun, he was appointed as a disciple by contract, Jiu Yao was appointed as a scholar, Boyi performed rituals, Hou Kui performed music, and Yu leveled the soil and water, and became an official at Yu. Yao had the virtue of knowing people and appointing virtuous people. Although Yao's way is far away, I would like to speak from a recent experience. During the Tang and Yuan Dynasties, Emperor Xianzong ordered Pei Jiequan to be appointed as a general official (39). Jie said: "The emperor chooses the prime minister, the prime minister chooses the chiefs of the departments, and the chiefs choose their own staff. Then there will be no doubts between superiors and subordinates, and the government will be successful." It's just a word of knowledge. May your Majesty take Emperor Yao from afar and learn about the Tang Dynasty from afar. Once you get the chancellor, you can use it without hesitation. Let the prime minister choose the chiefs of the departments, and the chiefs will choose their own staff, and then the government will be governed (40). In ancient times, people who punished people were not at the side of the king. "Yu" (41) said, "Let the Zheng voice be heard, and the sycophants are far away. Therefore, around King Wen of Zhou, there are no people who tie their socks, and they are all virtuous." Husband, a villain, is clever in his words and looks, and wants to know the purpose first (42). Things will definitely harm the good, and his heart is only jealous of the virtuous. No one without a sage cannot understand deeply. In the old system, only the third rank of Nanban could be promoted to the palace. Only the minister could be promoted to the palace. Recently, the third rank of Nanban was promoted to the palace, or because of sending envoys. It was nothing more than this to confuse the heavens. May your Majesty uphold discipline and dignity, and this is the time.
I thought that the urgent matter was now, so I discussed the troops in advance so that the few could get the best of them and deal with them in the right way. Then discuss the officials so that the pure and turbid ones are separated, and the quality is not mixed. Then they are elected to block their sources, and the monks and nuns are banned to eliminate their consumption. Naturally, the country uses enough and the royal way is carried out.
Sparse memorials, call them back, and restore knowledge and make imperial edicts. At the beginning of Xianping Dynasty, he pre-edited "Records of Taizu" and wrote down the events directly. At that time, the prime ministers Zhang Qixian and Li Hang were not in agreement, and Yu was discussing the importance. After learning about Huangzhou, he tried to compose "Sanqiu Fu" to express his ambition.
His death chapter (43) says: "If you bend your body and don't bend to the Tao, you will be banished for nothing!" In the third year, Puzhou thieves entered the city at night. (44) The governor of the state, Wang Shouxin, and the supervisor of the army, Wang Zhaodu, heard about it. The memorial briefly states:
It is the rule of the king to protect the country. "Yi" says: "Princes set up dangers to protect their country." Since the Five Seasons, they have been separated from each other for more than seventy years. Taizu and Taizong eliminated tyranny and made the world one family. At that time, it was discussed that the counties in the Jianghuai River should be ordered to destroy the city gods, withdraw their troops, and prepare (45) weapons for more than 20 years. When a scholar leads a state, twenty people will be given to him in a large county, and five people will be reduced in a small county to serve as regular servants. The name is Changli, and he is actually a fellow traveler; the name is Juncheng, and it is like a flat ground. Although respecting the capital and suppressing the counties and counties is a technique of strengthening the branches and strengthening the branches, it is still the right way to do it. Chen Bi (46) was in Chuzhou, and it was time to send troops to pull up the canal. There was no one to guard the city, so Bai Zhi took charge of the opening and closing (47). The city was in ruins, and the armor battle was endless. When he moved to Weiyang, he was called an important town, no different from Chuzhou. After tasting thirty pairs of armors, he and the patrolmen and envoys used their bows and bows, and lost four or five of them. Gai did not dare to repair without permission, so he followed the same rules, and this is how it happened. Today, the pheasant armor in Huangzhou City is no longer as good as that of Chu and Yang. If floods and droughts cause disasters and thieves break out, even if they want to be prepared, why use branches (48). Gai Taizu cut down the domineering power of the princes, and Taizong suppressed his hypocritical covetousness (49), so he had no choice but to do so. If you try to save the world, it will lead to harm in the long run. The way to save the harm lies in taking appropriate measures. If the speed is reversed, it is impossible to glue the pillars and play the harp. Nowadays, the Jiang and Huai provinces suffer from three major problems: the city is in ruins, which is the first problem; the battles are endless, and the army is not obeying its customs, the third problem is that. The rise of Pu thieves can be seen in the slow defense. I hope that your majesty will make special arrangements for you (50). The counties of Xujiang and Huai will be placed together to guard and capture them, taking into account the number of households and the size of the city. The number of sergeants, no more than five hundred, will be trained on bows and swords, and then they will gradually repair the city walls and complete the armor. Then the county will be prepared to resist aggression and the officials will be free from the risk of plagiarism (51).
Sparse memorials and praise them.
In the past four years, two tigers fought in the state. One of them died and half of his food was eaten. The chickens crow at night, and menstruation continues. Winter thunder breaks out. Yu Chan quoted Chen Jie from "Hong Fan Zhuan" and impeached himself. He sent his internal servants to the post office (52) to ask questions, offered him a meal (53), and asked the Japanese officials (54), saying: "Those who defend the land should be held responsible." . "The emperor cherished Yu's talent, and ordered him to move to Qizhou that day. Yu Chen expressed his gratitude and said, "If you ask questions about the ghosts and gods in the palace, you will not be able to survive; the book of Zen in Maoling will be closed after your death." The difference is that he died within a month of reaching the county at the age of forty-eight. Obituary, mourn for him, and support his family (55). Give birth to a son.
Yu Chen was a quick scholar of poetry, dared to speak out when things happened, liked to hide people's names, and took it as his duty to practice the Tao straightly. He said: "If I was born in the Yuan Dynasty, I would work between Li Jiang and Cui Qun. You are not ashamed of it." His writings often involved satire, which was not tolerated by popular culture, so he was often rejected. Those who travel with you must be elegant, and those who are advanced in poetry must be highly praised. For example, Sun He and Ding Wei were of the same generation, and they often visited his family. There are twenty volumes of "Xiao Zhu Ji", ten volumes of "Cheng Ming Ji", ten volumes of "Ji Yi", and three volumes of poems.
Volume 293 of "History of the Song Dynasty·Biography of Wang Yuchen"
[Note]
①Born in the same year: Jinshi in the same subject; Zai Wu County: the Prime Minister of Wu County , became the magistrate of Wu County. Zai is called the leader of one party. ② roughly: roughly; false: borrow. ③Waiting Cavalry: Cavalry responsible for reconnaissance. ④ Fire: beacon fire. ⑤Commitment: Commitment. ⑥Xiaochen: eunuch; Kou (xiong): reconnaissance, spying. ⑦Correction: revision. ⑧Reduction in order: All items will be reduced in order. ⑨Disgusted: satisfied. ⑩俟: Wait. (11) To atone for the mistakes I made in the past. (12): buried. (13) Sitting on the back: Falsely accusing someone, but later being convicted and punished. (14) Kangshu: To advise the emperor on Shuji; Xue: Zhaoxue. (15) Sit: Therefore. (16) Beggar: Request. (17) Li Jiqian: the founder of the Xixia Kingdom. The ancestor was originally the Tuoba family, and was given the surname Li in the Tang Dynasty. In 990 AD, he was granted the title of King of Xia by Liao. Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty named him Zhao Baoji. After Zhenzong came to the throne, he was given the territory of the five states to serve as military governors for the Nanyang Army. In 1002 AD, he attacked Lingzhou of Song Dynasty. (18) Death: eventually. (19) Zi Palace: a coffin made of catalpa wood. In ancient times, it specifically referred to the coffin used by the emperor or queen. (20) Gu: On the contrary; Kui: Lack. (21) Sleep: Stop. (22) Hanging upside down: It is a metaphor for the pain and crisis of the situation, just like a person being hung upside down. (23) Bi: to make. (24) Xiatai: a Juntai. In the south of Yu County in present-day Henan. (25) 曩日: In the past. (26) Yizhoujier: A state is like this. (27) Pi: levy, recruit. (28) Rare qualifications: Very few people are granted titles because of their ancestors’ merits. (29) Teethless: No life, a lifetime. (30) Yude Wangfan: When he was still the king of the vassal. Yu, to conceive, to produce. (31) Second Epoch: In ancient times, twelve years were regarded as one era. The second century is twenty-four years. (32) Almost: almost. (33) Benefit: increase. (34) Silk: double-filament fine silk. (35) He Wei: More than that. (36) Xian Chao Bu He: The late emperor was ill. (37) Jianer: Upright and outspoken. (38) A treacherous and skillful person: a person who is a treacherous and crafty person. Dangerous, evil and sycophantic. (39) Quanpin Shuguan: Assessment and selection of officials. Common people, public. (40) Governing by hanging the arch: Governing by doing nothing. Drooping the arch, drooping the clothes and arching the hands. (41) "Yu": refers to "The Analects of Confucius". (42) Preliminary intention and purpose: guess the emperor's ideas in advance so as to cater to them as best as possible. (43) Final chapter: The final chapter. (44) Abbreviation: plunder, take away. (45) Che: Same as "withdraw". (46) Ratio: Close. (47) Bai Zhi takes charge of the opening and closing of the city gate: the bodyguards replace the soldiers to manage the opening and closing of the city gate.
Bai Zhi, a soldier who serves as bodyguards for civil and military officials according to regulations. (48) Zhiwu: Resistance. (49) Put an end to false covetousness: Put an end to people’s unreasonable thoughts of separatism and independence. (50) Yu: condescension; Chenduan: still said "holy judgment". Chen, the nickname for the emperor. (51) The danger of plagiarism: the danger of being robbed. (52) Lao (lao) asked: Condolences. (53) Jiaocheng: Set up a dojo to pray. (54) Japanese official: Official in charge of astronomy. (55)赙(fu): Use money and property to help others with funeral arrangements.