Lesson 1: From the Founding of a Nation to the Unification of the World? The establishment, transformation and hegemony of ritual and music civilization? 1. Zhou Gao, King of the Zhou Dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty, 2. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, 77 BC, 3. Guan Zhong Zun, King of the Ranyi Kwai Hill, 4.A5.B6.D7.A8.A9.D1.C11.C12. (1) It reflects the phenomenon that the Zhou Dynasty standardized the status of nobles through the system of rites and music. ? 2) to maintain social order? Consolidate the rule of Zhou Wang. 13. (1) Patriarchal system. ? 2) Relatives and heroes of Zhou Wang. (3) pay tribute? Guard the territory? Manage local affairs? Defend the Zhou royal family. ? 4) Established the authority of Zhou Wang? Expanded the area controlled by the Zhou Dynasty. 14. (1) Iron farm tools and Niu Geng technology appeared in agricultural production. ? 2) Promoting the development of social productive forces? It also promoted changes in other aspects of society? For example, powerful vassal States compete for hegemony? Fighting each other? There have been "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period" and "seven heroes in the Warring States Period"? . (1) Shang Yang. ? 2) This is mainly because of the new law implemented by Shang Yang? According to the size of the military, the title and Tian Zhai are awarded? Broke the privilege of imperial clan. (3) After Shang Yang's political reform? Did Qin's economy develop? Qin became strong from then on? Gradually become the most powerful country in the middle and late Warring States period. From the founding of the country to the unification of the country? Two? (A hundred schools of thought contend and the Qin Dynasty is unified? (2) As a blockbuster (Chu Zhuangwang? , a thousand things get one? Yan Ying? , there is no class? Confucius? , service, taste courage? Gou Jian? Far-ranging and near-attacking? Fan Ju? , strange goods can live? Lv Buwei? Wait. 17. Change the law. ? 2) Only the tide that conforms to the historical development? Change with the times? In order not to be eliminated by history. ? It makes sense, okay 1. Lu Deli 2. Sun Tzu's Art of War Sun Bin's Art of War 3. County Center 4. Xianyang Chidao 5. Lintao Liaodong 6.A7.C8.C9.C1.D11.B12.C13.C14.B15 Confucius and Taoism both love and do not attack Laozi mohists. The rule of law Mozi Confucian school "benevolence" Han Feizi legalist school inaction "16. (1) Confucius. ? 2) Students should review what they have learned on time? In order to "review the old and learn the new"? Treat things? Pursuit of learning? Have an honest attitude? Don't pretend to understand, okay? Be modest and eager to learn. ? 3) Open up private schools? Expand the object of education; Trained a large number of talents; Advanced educational thoughts have a great influence on later generations. 17. (1) refers to the matter of "burning books" in the Qin Dynasty. ? 2) In order to strengthen the control of people's thoughts? Thereby consolidating the rule. ? 3) Muzzle thinking? Strengthened ideological control. Destroyed culture? It has caused great losses to our ancient culture. 18. Abuse of people's power, excessive use of military force, heavy military service, severe punishment, etc. Lesson 2 Han and Tang Dynasties? One? New unification, separation of political power and national integration? 1. Chen Sheng Wu Guang 2. Liu Bang Liu Xiu 3. Dismissed 1 schools of Confucianism 4. Taiguan 5. Western Regions Protector 6. Wei Shuwu 7.c8.d9.c1.a11.d12.c13.b14.a15.a16.d17.d18.b19. ? 2)① Early Western Han Dynasty? Various factions in hundred schools of thought are still very active. How many guests are gathered under the kings' doors? Often criticize the emperor's policies? Blame the court? It's bad for centralization. (2) Dong Zhongshu's proposition meets the needs of the political unification of the Western Han Dynasty? Therefore, it was adopted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. ? 3) "oust a hundred schools? The proposal of "respecting Confucianism alone"? Adapted to the needs of political unification at that time? Conducive to the consolidation of a unified centralized country. But the situation that Confucianism is the only one? Imprisoned people's minds? This is actually a manifestation of cultural autocracy. 2. In the early Han Dynasty, there was an essential difference between "affinity" and "showing your majesty to the fortress". In the early Han dynasty, the "affinity" was carried out under the condition of weak national strength? Forced? Zhaojun's departure from the fortress is no longer a humiliating tribute and peace? But a combination of initiative, equality and mutual benefit? What it brings is no longer war? But friendly exchanges, integration and long-term peace between nations. 21. (1) Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. ? 2) 6 BC? The Western Han government set up the Western Regions Capital Protection House. This marks the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty's military and political management of the Western Regions? This is the beginning of the formal ownership of the western regions by the central government. 22. (1) Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao ? 2) Zhuge Liang was an outstanding statesman and strategist in ancient China. He assisted Liu Bei in uniting with Sun Quan? Defeated Cao Cao? It laid the foundation for the tripartite confrontation among the three countries. After that? Did Zhu Geliang develop agricultural production in Shu? Improve ethnic relations? Developed the economy? Developed the southwest. His "dedication"? The spirit of "death before death" is worth learning. Cao Cao was also an outstanding statesman and strategist in ancient China? He has a wide range of talents? Unified the north? Ending the situation of splitting and scuffling in the north? Has a positive effect on the recovery and development of the northern economy? It also laid the foundation for the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty. These practices of his accord with the people's wishes and conform to the historical trend. Besides? Cao Cao is also an outstanding poet and writer. 23. (1) Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Learn and accept the advanced culture of Han nationality? Further strengthen the control of the Yellow River Basin. ? 2) Move the capital to Luoyang? Wearing hanfu? Change to Han surname? Intermarriage with the Han nationality? Adopt the official system and laws of the Han nationality. ? 3) It has promoted national integration and the development of Xianbei nationality? Greatly accelerated the pace of ethnic integration in the north. Han and Tang dynasties? Two? (Imperial New Deal, prosperous Tang Dynasty? 1. Zhenguan's martial arts will make the world prosperous. 2. Yue Kiln Xing Kiln 3. Tang Sancai 4. An Lushan Shi Siming 5.c6.d7.b8.a9.b1.c11.c12.c13.b14.c15.b16. (1) Emperor Taizong Li Shimin. ? 2) Is the monarch a boat? People are water? Water can carry a boat? It can also sink the boat. ? 3) such as the demise of the Qin dynasty? The rise of the Han dynasty, etc. 16. (1) the system of departmental promotion. ? 2) Improved employment system? Has created a competitive opportunity for scholars in relatively equal? Providing more talents for social development? It has promoted the development of education, literature and art. 18. (1) Tang Xuanzong. (2) population increase? A bumper harvest of food? Prosperity and wealth. ? 3) During the reign of Emperor Taizong and Wu Zetian? Political stability? Sustainable socio-economic development? Tang Xuanzong made great efforts to govern? Determined to reform? An increase in grain production? It has a lot to do with the widespread use of new farm tools. 19. (1) Trolley, Quyuanli. Tang dynasty. ? 2) The gondola car rotates by itself with the current? Draw water from low to high? Save manpower? The weight of the Quyuan plough is reduced? Light and flexible? Turn around and save effort? Can adapt to the different needs of deep tillage and shallow tillage. 2. Polo. Persia. ? 2) women in the Tang dynasty can participate in cultural and recreational activities in public? Because women's lives in the Tang Dynasty were more open and free. Han and Tang dynasties? Three? Shengshi Culture, Silk Road and Grand Canal? 1. Western Han Dynasty Ma Qian 2. Li Bai Du Fu 3. Records of the Western Regions of Datang 4. Tao Te Ching 5.a6.a7.b8.c9.c1.a11.d12.c13.c14.a15.d16.c17.d18. (1) Sima Qian. Historical Records. (2) Historical Records records the historical events from the legendary Huangdi to Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty? Is it the first biographical general history in China? It is also a model for future generations to write history books? This book is concise? Vivid language? Depicting the characters vividly? It is an excellent literary work. (3)-the valuable quality of being dedicated? Meticulous and hardworking spirit? Perseverance in adversity? The spirit of persistent pursuit of truth, etc 19. Through the Silk Road? China's silk, porcelain and other items are shipped to Europe? Western businessmen transport furs, spices, medicinal materials, jewelry and other items to China? There are also Persian polo and ancient Roman magic, which were also passed on to China. Did the Silk Road connect Asia and Europe? Played a great role in the history of economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West in ancient times? Therefore, it is called "synonymous with East-West communication". 2. Can I go from Chang 'an to Luoyang by land? You can take the Grand Canal from Luoyang to Yuhang. The famous historical and cultural cities along the way are Chang 'an, Luoyang and Yuhang. Lesson 3 Multicultural Blending and Secular Times (1? (The blending of farming and animal husbandry cultures and the new atmosphere of traditional cities? 1. West Five Dynasties and Ten Countries of Yellow River Mountain 2. Farming and grazing 3. Kouzhun 4.A5.D6.A7.A8.C9.D1.A11.A12.C13.B14.C15.C16.D17.B19. (1) Yue Fei. You mean 1127? Jin Jun occupied Tokyo? More than 3, people, including Song Huizong, Song Qinzong and imperial concubines, were captured by 8 Jin Army? Palace ceremonies, ancient books and a large number of treasures were also taken away? The Northern Song Dynasty perished. ? 2) Yue Fei led the army to rise up and resist the looting of 8 Jin Army in the south. The "Yue Jiajun" he led fought bravely? Strict military discipline? Recovered part of the lost land in the north? Get a great victory in Yancheng, etc. 2. (1) Rapid economic development in the South? National taxes depend on the south. With the development of the southern economy? China's ancient economic center of gravity shifted from the north to the south? Or is the economic development of the South surpassing that of the North? . ? 2) A relatively peaceful environment in southern society? Farmers in the north moved south? Increased labor force? Brought more advanced production tools and technology? The superior natural conditions in the south. ? It makes sense, okay 21. (1) Four Sichuan paper coins in the early period of Jiaozi Northern Song Dynasty? 2) Explain the new development of commercial activities in the Song Dynasty? Or business prosperity? . (3) Easy to carry? Can be used in a wide range? Conducive to the circulation of goods, etc. ? It makes sense, okay 22. (1) Are there many shops? Is the market booming? Business prosperity? People's lives are rich and colorful. ? 2) If the boundaries between residential areas and commercial areas are eliminated? The market is scattered between official residences and houses? Where shops are concentrated, a bustling commercial district is formed? Break through the time limit of Fangshi? The emergence of specialized markets, etc. ? It makes sense, okay 3) the prosperity of business? Economic development. Multicultural Blending and Secular Times? Two? (The secular life with unlimited interest, the world of literati? 1. Wazi Goulan Zaju 2. Literati painted Lan Ju 3. Yuan Zaju Sanqu 4. Guan Hanqing Dou E Yuan 5. Chongwen suppressed Wu 6.d7.A8.B9.B1.C11.B12.B13.A14.D15. (1) Su Shi's "Nian Nujiao? Red Cliff Nostalgia. (2) Battle of Red Cliffs, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the Three Kingdoms. ? 3) slightly 16. Du Fu's "Spring Hope" focuses on lyricism? And Wang Anshi's "Deng Fei Lai Feng" pays attention to philosophy. Poems that focus on lyricism, such as He Zhizhang's "My Hometown Book"? "Less eldest brother back from home? The local accent has not changed. Do children meet each other? Laugh and ask where the guests come from. " Philosophical poems such as Su Shi's Qin Poetry? "If there is a piano on the piano? Why don't you ring in the box? If the words are on your fingers? Why not listen to your finger? " 17. Promoted the development of education? The imperial examination is very developed? It provides a fundamental condition for the formation of a colorful literati world. Multicultural Blending and Secular Times? Three? A model of ancient science and technology, openness and communication? . 1. Bi Sheng Carved Edition in Northern Song Dynasty 2. Silk, linen, cotton cloth 3. Post Station 4. Porcelain, silk and silk 5.d6.a7.b8.c9.d1.d11.b12.d13. (1) Movable type printing. Bi Sheng. ? 2) More economical and convenient? If it is not deformed by water? Easy to disassemble? Easy to save? Engraving saves labor and time, etc. ? 3) This is a great technological revolution in the printing history of China and the world. Later? This technology was introduced to Asian and European countries? It has promoted the exchange and development of world culture. 14. Aroused Europeans' yearning for the East. 15. (1) Compass has been used in navigation. ? 2) Northern Song Dynasty. ? 3) It created conditions for the navigation activities of European navigators later. 16. (1) Printing, gunpowder and compass. ? 2) Like the four great inventions of ancient China? Three items were completed and further developed in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Bi Sheng invented movable type printing in the Northern Song Dynasty? During the Northern Song Dynasty? Compass began to be used in navigation? Was it made into a compass in the Southern Song Dynasty? Song and Yuan Dynasties? Gunpowder has been widely used in the military, and a large number of weapons using gunpowder have appeared? Such as ware, musket, etc. Comprehensive exploration of the four new years: understanding the traditional units around us: 1.a2.b3.c4.b5.b6.c7.c8.b9.b1.d11.b12.b13.c14.d15.a16.d17.d17. (1) ? 2) The ruling area of the Western Zhou Dynasty was larger than that of the Shang Dynasty? In order to effectively control the vast areas of the country, the sub-sealing system was implemented. The answer to the second question is short. ? 3) Established the authority of Zhou Wang? Expanded the area controlled by the Zhou Dynasty. 18. (1) Northern Song Dynasty. ? 2) "the alliance of the Yuan Dynasty". (3) Su Zhe holds a positive view. The answer to the second question is short. Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi. ? 2) Qin Shihuang "burned books to bury Confucianism"; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "ousted a hundred schools"? Respecting Confucianism alone. " 2. (3) (1) omitted
/album/view/8db21fc7abb68a982fb6? Pn=2#albumDocs
Here are
and many other answers to the exercise books in Grade 8.