I sent my old friend to the city during my retreat in Zhongnanshan. After middle age, he had a strong kindness, and he didn't settle down at the border of Zhong Nanshan until his later years. When I am interested, I often go to play alone. When I am happy, I also have a good time and indulge myself. Sometimes go to the end of the water to seek the source, or sit and watch the rising clouds change. I happened to meet a village elder in the Woods. I talked and laughed with him and often forgot to go home.
Note 1 middle age: middle age. Hao: Preference. Tao: This refers to Buddhism. 2: settle down. Nanshan: That's Zhong Nanshan. ?: edges, sides and borders; Nanshan Yellow refers to the location of Wangchuan Villa, which means the foot of Zhong Nanshan Mountain. 3 wins: a good thing. 4 Value: Encountered. Sao (ǒ u): An old man. No return period: there is no exact return time.
I sent my old friend to the city to appreciate the first two sentences in the retreat of Zhongnanshan/entering the mountain for the first time: "My middle-aged heart found the way, and I came to live at the foot of this mountain." Narrative poets are tired of worldly pleasures after middle age and believe in Buddhism. "Late" is old age; "Nanshan Huang" refers to the location. This was originally a villa in Song Dynasty. After Wang Wei got this place, he was completely intoxicated by the beautiful and peaceful rural scenery there. In his letter "The Plate of Pei Xiucai in the Mountain", he said: "Warming the scriptures under your feet does not dare to interfere with each other. I went to the mountain, rested in the temple and left with the monks. North involves Xuanba, and the bright moon reflects Guo; In the night, on Hua's body, you can see the ripples at the water's edge, the water waves are up or down, and the moonlight is rippling with the waves in the water. The cold mountain is far from the fire, and the forest is destroyed; Cold dogs in deep alleys bark like leopards; There was a flood of rice in the village, and the scattered bells staggered. At this time, sitting alone, the servants are silent, thinking about the past, writing poems hand in hand, and walking slowly and steadily. 」
This description can explain the carefree feelings revealed in the second couplet of the poem, "Come and go alone, it's all for me in beauty". The last sentence "going alone" shows the poet's high spirits; The next sentence "self-knowledge" also describes the poet's pleasure in enjoying the beautiful scenery. There are not many people who share the same interests with the poet. When his interest comes, he can only visit alone, enjoy the scenery and enjoy himself. If there is income everywhere, he knows it is in Dont Ask For Help, but he only wants to be interested.
The third is that "self-knowledge is better than success". "I'll keep walking until the water checks my way" means to go anywhere, but before you know it, you come to the end of the running water and see no way out, so you just sit down on the spot.
"Then sit and watch the clouds rising in Ran Ran" is an extreme expression of carefree mood. Clouds give people a sense of leisure, but also give people an unintentional impression, which is why Tao Qian said that "clouds come out of the hole unintentionally" (see "Restoring Words"). Through the description of this line, arriving and sitting, the poet's leisure at this time is fully revealed. These two sentences were deeply appreciated by later poets. Yu Biyun, a close friend, said, "If you reach the end of your journey and look at Yun Qi, you will see endless wonders. Only then can you realize that the things in life are infinite and the meaning of learning is infinite. These two sentences have the beauty of machines. " (On the Realm of Poetry) This is very insightful. From an artistic point of view, these two poems are paintings in poems, and naturally they are a landscape painting. Xuan He Hua Pu pointed out: "I will walk until the water stops my way, and then sit and watch the rising clouds and clouds. When I look back, the fog and fog are closed behind me. When I enter them, they are all painted with their grammar. 」
Wang Wei's poems and paintings are full of Zen, and he is known as "Shi Fo" in the history of literature. What does he mean by "I will walk until the water blocks my way, and then sit and watch the rising clouds" and "water shortage"? Climbing up, the stream finally disappeared. One possibility is that it is the birthplace of mountain springs hidden under the surface. Another possibility is the stream where the rain dries up. The climber kept walking until the water disappeared, so he just sat down and looked at the clouds rising on the mountain. It turns out that water turns into clouds, and clouds can turn into rain. There will be water in the mountain stream, so why despair?
So is the realm of life. In the course of life, no matter running love, career, study, etc. I went forward bravely, but later I found that it was a dead end, and the sadness and loss at the end of the road would inevitably appear. At this time, you might as well look aside or back, maybe there is another way to other places; Even if there is no way out, look at the sky! Although the body is desperate, the mind can still travel in space, enjoy nature freely and happily, and experience the broad and far-reaching realm of life without feeling the end of the road.
This sentence has two artistic conceptions. First, don't be disappointed when you are desperate, because that is the beginning of hope; The water in the mountains is due to rain, and a cloud means that the water is coming soon. Another realm is that it doesn't matter if it doesn't rain now, it will rain one day. The process from water poverty to cloud to rain is like a person encountering great difficulties in the process of spiritual practice, including physical obstacles, psychological obstacles and environmental obstacles. If you give up because of this, you should return your thoughts to the angle of starting your heart. The first initiation is the time to initiate bodhicitta. At the beginning, I had nothing, and I didn't understand the methods and concepts of practice. Look back at the situation then and look at the present. Didn't you walk a long way? So don't be disappointed and don't give up. This situation can also happen at every stage of life. If we look at it in this poetic context, there will be a road everywhere.
The last couplet: "One day, I met an old woodcutter, laughing and laughing, and never came back." Highlighted the word "accidental". In fact, it was not only by accident that I met this Chaucer, but also by accident that I traveled. "I will keep walking until the water blocks my way" is another accident. The word "accident" runs through the top and bottom and has become a major feature of this trip. Moreover, it is precisely because there are accidents everywhere, and there are "unintentional encounters" everywhere, which shows the leisure in the heart, such as the free flight of clouds and the free flow of water. It is of great significance for readers to understand Wang Wei's thoughts to write the poet's indifferent and detached style.
This poem does not depict the specific scenery of mountains and rivers, but focuses on expressing the carefree mood of the poet when he lives in seclusion in the mountains. The first six sentences of the poem are natural and quiet, and the poet's image is like an out-of-touch master. He doesn't care about the world and regards mountains as heaven. You can enjoy the beauty of nature anytime and anywhere without deliberately exploring secluded places. The last two sentences introduce people's activities, bring life breath, and the poet's image is more amiable.
The background of my retreat in Zhongnanshan/my first trip to the mountain/seeing my old friend off to the city. This poem was written after the first year of Gan Yuan (758) and was written by Wang Wei in his later years. In his later years, Wang Wei's position was not small. In fact, due to the repeated changes in the political situation, he has seen the danger of his career and wants to get rid of this disturbing world. He fasted and served the Buddha, carefree. After about forty years old, he began to live a secluded life.
My retreat in Zhongnanshan/my first entry into the mountain/going up the mountain to send my old friend to meditate. Wang Wei's My Retreat in Zhongnanshan has been recited a lot. Wang Wei's name is Shi Fo, which is a recognized Zen poem. Zen is expressed everywhere in the poem. Traditionally, people who analyze this poem often talk about Wang Wei's indifferent, quiet and happy state of mind, but the reality is unreasonable. Liu Chenweng's comment that "the land is speechless, unspeakable, and easy for those who don't know" can be described as a profound meaning of Wang Wei.
Wang Wei claimed to be Mowa, and Vimalakīrti was a representative of Indian Mahayana Buddhism, and the Oriental Golden Millet was reincarnated. What the author wants to express in this poem is this kind of happiness when he realizes the Mahayana realm.
The first two sentences say that I believe in Buddhism for a long time. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Wangchuan, Lantian and practiced Buddhism. These two sentences also describe the background of poetry.
Writing on couplets that you are interested in learning Taoism is often a lonely pursuit of defeat, and only you know this state of mind of understanding Zen, and others don't know it. Sakyamuni said that he had not said a word in 49 years, and the sixth ancestor Huineng said that Zen was beyond words. In order to spread Buddhism, I said it strongly today. It can be seen that the self-nature mentioned by Buddhists is not empty, good, evil, true, empty, troublesome or bodhi. Wei Wang can't say that he is stingy and refuses to talk to others. So Pang Yun, who was later called the Oriental Vimo, asked her daughter, "How do you understand the meaning of ancestors?" . Lingzhao just replied that it was obviously a hundred flowers blooming, and it was obviously the intention of the ancestors. As for the language of rationalist ideas and names, the Buddha often criticizes that mortals are partial and Hinayana is empty. (For reference, please refer to Biography of Monks, Shurangama Sutra, Tanjing, Vimalakīrti Buddhist Sutra and Diamond Sutra. )
The two sentences of the neck joint can be explained in a small way or in a big way, indicating that the nature of Buddha is big or small, but it is only applied differently. "I will walk until the water checks my way, and then sit and watch the rising clouds." Water is poor and refers to the source of water. There is no water in this place. It tells the author's understanding of Zen's upward and rational situation, which is pure and silent, untouched and unpolluted, the world is cold, and the protagonist smokes in the west but does not move. Just like someone asked Zhao Zhou who would win, from the imperial edict to the Zen master or the two dragons playing with pearls, Zhao Zhou replied that the old monk was just watching. Its principle is interesting.
William said that the author does not seek high or low, but only seeks to be content with the status quo and can have fun everywhere. There are many Buddhists who understand the truth, but they don't use it everywhere without hindrance. The so-called "thorns are easy to remove, but it is difficult to turn around under the moonlight curtain." Therefore, Buddhists can be divided into "Bao" and "Ren". It is this kind of "benevolence" mentality that Wang Wei expresses in his poems.
The focus of my two poems about seclusion in Zhongnanshan is to express his longing for leisure and fun. The first two sentences point out the poet's life destination and ideological conversion in seclusion and worship of Buddhism from two aspects: "middle age is good" and "staying late in Nanshan". "Tao" refers to the essence of Buddhist morality, that is, all the thoughts of law and emptiness. "My middle-aged heart has found its way", the author emphasizes that he has devoted himself to Buddhism since middle age. As time goes on, this tendency will become more and more serious, reflecting that he is more and more tired of the world, which is closely related to his life experience. The word "po" points out his pious attitude of worshipping Buddha. The word "late" has rich meanings, which can mean both "late" and "old". If it is the former, "and I came to live at the foot of this mountain" is a description of the reality of seclusion; If it's the latter, that's my idea of the evening scene.
Life in the mountains is extremely comfortable. When my interest comes, I often wander alone in the mountains, and only the poet himself can get the news. "Every" means that "going alone" is frequent, not accidental. "Independence" doesn't mean people with the same tune. In fact, when the poet lived in seclusion, many people with the same tune sang with him, such as Zhang Luan and Pei Di. Here, as soon as the poet is interested, he can't wait to invite people to go with him, and a free and easy hermit image is presented to the readers. Literally, it is vaguely lonely, but who can say that this kind of affection is not a happy thing? The word "the mountains are all mine" and "emptiness" may be somewhat helpless and lonely, but the poet is intoxicated with this interest in mountains.
"I will keep walking until the water blocks my way, and then sit down and watch the rising clouds" means "victory". Wandering in the mountains, unconsciously, I have reached the end of the stream, and there seems to be no way to go, but the poet feels that his eyes are broadened and simply sits down and looks at the surging clouds in the sky. Everything is so natural, and the flowing water and white clouds in the mountains have aroused the author's endless interest, which shows that he is carefree. Shen Deqian, a man of A Qing Dynasty, praised: "Doing nothing is a machine." (Collection of Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties) "I will go to the water to stop me" makes readers appreciate the elegance of "what to do"; "Then sit and watch the clouds rising in Ran Ran", while enjoying the most leisurely state, you can also appreciate the endless excitement of beautiful scenery! Clouds are invisible, erratic and changeable, thus giving people the impression of being careless, comfortable and doing nothing. Tao Qian has a poem "Clouds come out of a hole unintentionally" (the word Xi comes home), but in the eyes of Buddhists, clouds are like a sign of impermanence and insecurity. Therefore, "then sit and watch Yun Qi" also includes the Zen machine of "having no place to live, but having a heart". In short, it is "empty". If people can get rid of persistence and be as careless as a cloud, they can get rid of troubles, get rid of troubles and get comfortable. The poet had an epiphany when he sat down and looked at them. Look at the flowing water and white clouds, which are indistinguishable, and have reached the realm of unity of things and me. From the structural point of view, the phrase "I will go to the water to stop my path, and then sit and watch Yun Qi" is steady and consistent, while from the artistic point of view, it is like a landscape painting, which is "painting in poetry".
The author of the conclusion happened to meet Chaucer in the mountains, so he talked and laughed freely with him, so that he forgot the time. The poet's simple and natural style, detached from the outside world, blends with the freedom of enjoying the landscape alone, making the whole poem form a complete artistic conception. The word "accident" runs through the whole story without a trace. In fact, isn't it an "unintentional accident" such as "coming alone" and "I will go straight to the water to stop my way and sit and watch the clouds rising in Ran Ran"? But when the poet came here, he pointed out the word "accident" with "emphasizing forest", which shows his superb artistic means. Because of the ubiquitous "accident", it shows the leisure in my heart. "Laughing and laughing are gone forever" has a natural conclusion, but there is a hidden philosophy. Because the poet realized that things are human beings, things are integrated with me, so he forgot the impermanence of the world. This is the real "empty" realm.
This poem does not depict the specific scenery of mountains and rivers, but focuses on expressing the carefree mood of the poet when he lives in seclusion in the mountains. The first six sentences of the poem are natural and quiet, and the poet's image is like an out-of-touch master. He doesn't care about the world and regards mountains as heaven. You can enjoy the beauty of nature anytime and anywhere without deliberately exploring secluded places. The last two sentences introduce people's activities, bring life breath, and the poet's image is more amiable.
Poetry: I went out for the first time in the retreat of Zhongnanshan/sent poetry to an old friend in the city. Author: Wang Wei Tang poetry classification: 300 Tang poems, pastoral, lyrical.