Chinese Name: Interlaced Alias: Interlaced Pairs, Interactive Pairs, Horn Pairs Attribute: A Contrast Method of China's Ancient Works: Qiu Feng and Li Sao, the first poets: Li Qunyu, Liu Yuxi, etc. Basic features, definitions of words, examples of works, related concepts, duality, pairs of works, wide pairs, adjacent pairs and self-pairs. The positions of words are not relative in turn, but staggered relative. For example, the first couplet of Du Ye Banquet for Beauty written by Li Qunyu, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty: "The skirt drags six pieces of Xiangjiang River water, which is a cloud in Wushan." "Six Paintings" and "One Section" are opposite, and "Xiangjiang River" and "Wushan" are opposite, but in different positions, which is a typical complicated pair. Another example is the first couplet of Liu Yuxi's "The First Smell of Autumn Wind": "In the past, I was different from Jun, but now I listen to Xuan Chan." In the whole couplet, "Jun", "I", "He" and "Que" have different positions and belong to an intricate pair. The basic characteristics of intricate pairs are common in head and tail, but they can also be seen in parallel and neck. For example, in Wang Wei's Five Laws, the couplet "My letter to Pei Di from my cabin in Wangchuan": "At the door of my hut, leaning on my cane, listening to the cicadas in the evening wind." The last three words of the sentence are "outside Chai Men", and the last three words of the sentence are "listening to cicada", "Chai Men" and "cicada", all of which are modified from the previous word and can be relative, but they are staggered from the position of phrases, so they are complicated. The use of intricate pairs is mainly to reverse the word order in order to adapt to the level tone. Sometimes it's not for leveling, but for the fluency of arts and sciences. In addition, the antithesis of the upper and lower sentences in the two whole poems is also called intricate antithesis. Such as "Li Sao": "The work of setting customs, ingenuity, and regulation. Pick up the pen and ink to chase the Song Dynasty and compete with Zhou Rong. " Among them, "being clever at keeping pace with the times, learning from the ink" is opposite, "following the rules and correcting mistakes" is opposite to "competing with others for energy". His works include Wang Wei's antithetical couplet "Wang Chuan's Farewell to Pei Di" in Five Laws: "Mao Men lean on their sticks and listen to cicadas in the evening breeze." . It is quite correct that the subject of this antithetical sentence "leaning on a stick" and the subject of the antithetical sentence "facing the wind" both use verbs to modify nouns. But in the last three words, the sentence is "outside Chai Men" and the antithesis is "listening to cicadas at dusk". For example, if you only look at "Chai Men" and "Twilight Cicada", they are both modified from the previous words and can be relative. But judging from the arrangement of phrase positions, it can't be relative. Because "outside Chai Men" is put behind, the locative word "outside" is used as the modifier of "Chai Men"; "Listen to cicada" modifies the object "cicada" with the verb "listen". If you want to be relative, you must put "Chai Men" after the word "outside" or move "Twilight cicada" before the word "listening" before you can pair up. However, whether the word "Chai Men" in the previous sentence is moved or the word "Twilight cicada" in the next sentence is moved, it is not only inconsistent with the metrical requirements of leveling and rhyming, but also inconsistent with the grammatical rules. In this case, it is also natural to read by arranging words in staggered pairs to solve the problem. Let's look at the connection of one of the two poems in Du Fu's Five Laws "The Yangtze River": There are many people, and the winding pond strives for one. Judging from the phrase nature of this couplet, "numerous water" in the couplet should be opposite to "one gate" in the couplet, and "Fuwan" should be opposite to "Qutang". However, if the positions of "Yimen" and "Qutang" are interchanged, the meaning will be blurred and they can only be arranged as they are now. Of course, these two poems are the first couplet of this poem, and antithesis is not required. Here we just take it as an example to illustrate the use of staggered pairs. Staggered pairs are usually used to make up for the contradiction between words and metrical arrangements. Related concepts are one of the forms of expression of ancient poetry meter. Dueling is also called duality, team warfare and parity. It puts words with similar or opposite concepts in corresponding positions, so that they set off each other, make sentences more attractive and increase the expressive force of words. Confrontation is like a ceremonial ceremony of the government, opposing each other. Duantithesis is closely related to the parallel connection in the Han and Wei dynasties, which can be said to be developed from parallel connection, and Duantithesis itself should also be a parallel connection. The specific contents of the antithesis of metrical poems are as follows: first, the upper and lower sentences must be opposed; Secondly, the sentence patterns of relational sentences should be the same, and the syntactic structures should be consistent, such as subject-predicate structure versus subject-predicate structure, partial structure versus partial structure, and predicate-complement structure versus predicate-complement structure. The sentence structure of some antithetical sentences is not necessarily the same, but the words are required to be relative. Thirdly, the parts of speech of words are required to be consistent, such as noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, etc. Words should also have the same lexical meaning. Just like nouns, they should have the same meaning range, such as astronomy, geography, palace, clothing, utensils, animals, plants, human body, behavior, action and so on. The use of duality is wide and strict, so there are many types, including working pair, adjacent pair, wide pair, borrowing pair, running pair and sector equivalence. In terms of content, there are names such as right, right, right and opposition. The antithesis of neat use in Gongdui modern poetry is called Gongdui. In order to make the antithesis neat, it is generally necessary to use words of the same category, such as astronomy, geography, seasons, utensils, clothing and other words with the same meaning. For example, Du Fu's quatrains: two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to eastbound ships. The antithesis of this poem is neat. "Two" and "One Line" in poetry, quantitative structure and quantitative structure. "oriole" is relative to "egret" and poultry nouns; "Cui" and "Qing" are relative, and the color nouns are relative. "Thousand" and "ten thousand" are relative, and numerals are relative. All the same words are right, very neat. Kuandui is one of the antitheses of modern poetry. It is a relative concept with workers' pair. Wide antithesis is an untidy antithesis. Generally speaking, as long as the sentence patterns are the same and the parts of speech of words are the same, duality can be formed. This kind of confrontation is generally called "leniency". Tolerance is slightly wider than adjacent tolerance pairs. For example, nouns generally use nouns and adjectives use adjectives. For example, the second couplet of Huang Luzhi's poem "Answering the Longmen Scholar", "The bright moon is cool and the breeze is good, and the light autumn fat horse is Xie Ercao" is a generous pair. One of the antitheses of adjacent pairs in modern poetry. A pair of words with similar meanings are called "adjacent pairs". The so-called semantic categories are similar, astronomy and seasons, geography and palaces, utensils and clothing, plants and animals, orientation and quantity. When these words with similar meanings are used as a pair, they are adjacent pairs. Bai Juyi's portrait is like two sentences in Bai Juyi's "Feeling Spring": "The grass is green and the water is near, and the flowers are seen in the head." Grass is different from head, water is different from flowers, and land is different from people, which can be regarded as adjacent pairs. Self-pair is also called a kind of antithesis. Some words in a sentence are self-dual, which is called self-pair. For example, the poem quoted in Hong Mai's Rong Zhai Essays: "Mir Pingyang Lianlan is in Vaughan Palace. The pool light may be messy. At first, the sun's air was dry. But I feel that bees are dancing around butterflies, and I don't know that the lonely phoenix is far away from Luan, Samsung is spinning three mountains, and Zifu is far away. " There are many antonyms in the poem, for example, in the second sentence, Qin Lou is facing the Han Palace and the tile is facing the plate; The fifth sentence, bees swim against the butterfly; The sixth sentence, solitary phoenix to solitary phoenix and so on. An antithesis of modern poetry, or a false antithesis. It achieves the goal of neat confrontation by borrowing meaning or sound. There are two ways to borrow money. 1, borrowing meaning is to use the ambiguity of a word to form a confrontation with the corresponding word through a certain meaning of a word. For example, Du Fu's "Qujiang" poem: "Borrowing money is common, and life is seventy years old." The word "ordinary" has many meanings, one is "ordinary" and the other is "eight-foot search, double search is ordinary". The former is a general adverb and the latter is a quantifier. Here the numeral "seventy" uses its original quantitative meaning, while the poem uses its adverbial meaning. This is "borrowing meaning". Portrait of poet Du Fu II. Borrowing sound is to use the homonym relationship between words to express the second word with one word. For example, the sentence uses the word A, and the sentence should have used the word B with the same meaning as A, but using the word B is not appropriate in the whole sense. So I chose a C word with the same pronunciation as the A word but related to its meaning to form a confrontation. Yu Yang's "Yi Lao Dao" said: "Hong Jue Fan Ban" has a syntax, in which it is a medicine for residual spring, which is red and symmetrical all day (harmonious purple), living in the mountain for ten years, moving tomorrow, and moving ten pairs (harmonious thousand). "They are all borrowed to express a temporary happiness." This article refers to the "borrowed sound pair". Crossing hands to crossing hands is a defect in the antithesis of metrical poems. In a poem, the words used in a sentence are basically synonymous or completely synonymous, and the meanings of the upper and lower sentences are repeated, as if two palms are together, so this kind of confrontation is called "fighting". Crossing your hands is something you should avoid when fighting. In Wen Xin Diao Long, Liu Xie called this antithesis "positive antithesis", which is a poor antithesis. He made it clear in his article: "So, there are four pairs of kind words. Easier said than done; Opposition is superior and correctness is not good. " For example, the poem "First Arriving in Huangmei" in the Song Dynasty says: "Cold food will stop, and it is already late spring on the way". Ji Yun's "mistakes in the publication of Yingkui Law" commented: "On the way, immediately, in late spring, cold food, it is not easy to cross hands."