First, the wizard
In the early Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, witches were the main undertakers of culture. They are not only responsible for managing political affairs, but also promoters and creators of civilization. Witch's writing is concise and orderly, and occasionally has a coordinated rhythm, which are the development of early poetry creation. Poems of ancestor worship in The Book of Songs, such as Ya Sheng Ren, are masterpieces of court wizards.
Second, historians.
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, historians gradually became the main undertakers of culture. During the Spring and Autumn Period, great achievements were made in the literary creation of historians. They recorded both concise imperial edicts and accurate calendars. For example, Zuo's Family Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period compiled by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of Shandong University, has reached a new peak in historical research with its exquisite language and profound thoughts.
Third, the nobility
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, nobles and historians were the main undertakers of culture. Because learning is in the government, only nobles have the right to education, so culture is monopolized by nobles. Nobles mastered knowledge and culture, created literature, and became the main creators of literature in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period.
Fourth, gentry
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the gentry became a new field of cultural creation. With the disintegration of the enfeoffment system, the number of scholars increased sharply, and their social influence was also growing. The emergence of the scholar class provided a strong impetus for the development of academic culture.
Characteristics of pre-Qin literature
First, pay attention to music culture.
In the pre-Qin period, ritual and music culture was an important part of social life. In literary works, the culture of rites and music has also been fully reflected. For example, many poems in The Book of Songs describe the rites and music of banquets, sacrifices and other occasions, reflecting the importance attached by society to the culture of rites and music at that time.
Second, pay attention to human nature and human feelings.
Pre-Qin literature paid attention to human nature and human feelings, and made a deep discussion on people's emotions, thoughts and personality. For example, the characters in Zuo Zhuan are vivid, and the author profoundly reveals the complexity and diversity of human nature through the language and behavior of the characters.
Third, emphasize literary talent and rhetoric.
Pre-Qin literature pays attention to literary talent and rhetoric, emphasizing the beauty of language and the exquisiteness of expression. For example, Li Sao is a treasure in pre-Qin literature, with various rhetorical devices and brilliant literary talent.
Fourth, advocating morality and virtue.
The pre-Qin literature advocates morality and virtue, and holds that morality is the norm and value orientation of human behavior. For example, in the Analects of Confucius, moral qualities such as kindness and faithfulness are emphasized, which are considered as human qualities and codes of conduct.
The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Pre-Qin Literature.