Tian Wen
Yue: Who handed it down at the beginning of ancient times?
The top and bottom are shapeless, how to test them?
It's dark, but who can do it?
Feng Yi just likes it. How did you know?
Obviously secretly, but when?
The combination of yin and yang, what is this?
Hey, it's nine times. Which one is it?
But what did you do? Who did it first?
What is the relationship between dimension and celestial pole?
What are the eight pillars and what are the losses in the southeast?
On the occasion of nine days, put an Shu?
There are many corners, but who knows their number?
What is the sky? Twelve points?
Sun, Moon and Safety? Li Xing Chen An?
From Tanggu, second only to Meng Fan.
Self-evident gloom, how many miles have you walked?
What is the virtue of luminous, that is, there are children when you die?
What does Jue Liwei do, taking care of the picture in the abdomen?
How can a husband have nine children if there is no difference between women?
Where's Jambo? Is hye-ki there?
Why are you embarrassed? Why should it be clear?
The angle is not dangerous, the spirit is hidden?
If you don't let it flow, why can you be a teacher?
Why don't you do it after class?
What were you listening to when the tortoise dragged on?
What is the punishment for success?
Never stop at Yushan, why not give it once every three years?
Apollo, why did the husband change?
Make a good preface and succeed in the exam.
Why did you continue your career at first, but you were different?
Hong Quan is extremely deep. Why is it embarrassing?
There are nine places. Why graves?
He Hai Ying Long? What is a calendar?
Which camp are you from? What did Yu accomplish?
Why did Kang Hui-feng fall to the southeast?
Kyushu is wrong? Kawaguchi He Jiong?
The east does not overflow, who knows why?
East, west, north and south, which is more?
North-South Geometry?
Kunlun county nursery, where is its safety?
Zengcheng No.9 Middle School, how high is it?
The gate of the square, who is it?
What is Northwest Spirit?
Can't it be a good day? What about Candle dragon?
Xi He's declining, if Hua He Guang?
Why is it warm in winter? Xia Han?
Why is there a stone forest? What beast can talk?
How can you swim with dragons and bears?
There are nine heroes, but why are you suddenly there?
Why not die? How to keep a long person?
Nine miles away, living in peace with China?
A snake swallowed an elephant. What is the difference?
Black water, Xuan toe, three dangers?
If you don't die, what is the end of your life?
Where is the shad? Where's that pile of stuff?
What day is today? How can you solve your own feathers?
Yu's contribution saved the province and the land.
How can I get a mountain girl and spread it to Taiwan Province?
Min Fei got on the horse, and the knight was the successor.
Hu Weiwei was a stranger, but he soon became full?
After the beginning of the generation, the pawn left.
He Qi is just worried, but can he be caught?
They all return to shooting bows, but it doesn't hurt.
Why do you benefit from making a change and spread it?
Open business, Nine Debates and Nine Songs.
He Qin Zi slaughtered his mother, but died?
The emperor surrendered to foreigners, and Xia became a citizen.
Hu Shefu He Bo, and his wife He Luo?
Xie Feng thinks the SEALs are an opportunity.
Why offer the paste of steamed meat, and then the emperor doesn't want it?
Marrying Chun Hu charmed his wife.
Why did you pat the skin and pass it to swallow?
What is more difficult to stop the Western Expedition?
If you become a yellow bear, what can a witch do?
When you plant millet in salt, you reap the camp.
Why is it profitable to vote at the same time?
Baby Bai Ni, Hu Bentang?
Andrew's medicine can't be solid, can it?
Heaven moves in the horizontal direction, while Yang moves in the dead.
How can a husband lose his body when a big bird sings?
Why does it flourish when it rains?
Why did you write a fake deer?
How can it be safe to cross the mountain?
What is the act of releasing the ship and the mausoleum?
What do you want from your sister-in-law?
He Shaokang chased after dog after dog, and he fell head over heels.
Women sew clothes, but so do museums.
Why is it easy to lose your head and kiss in danger?
Soup is easy, why is it thick?
What can we do to find the ship?
What did you get by cutting Mengshan?
Where's sister? Where's soup?
Shunmin is at home, why is my dad uncomfortable?
If you don't tell Yao, what is the relationship between these two women?
Meng Jue is at the beginning. What does this mean?
Huangtai 100%, who cares?
What's the way to be an emperor?
Nu Wa has a body. Who made it?
Shun's obedience to Jue's brother will eventually cause harm.
Why don't dogs bite, but it's not dangerous to lose them?
The martial fire has reached ancient times, and South Vietnam is unique in the world.
When will you go to Sri Lanka to find two people?
The mandarin fish is decorated with jade, and the queen and emperor are feasting.
Is he going to ruin the funeral in the end because of Xia Jie?
The emperor went down to the view, and the next one satisfied the support.
What's the punishment? Tell Li Fu.
Judie is in Taiwan Province. What should I do?
Mysterious birds arouse me, and females are happy.
This Bingjide is Zangjue's father.
Hu will end up in ruin. Where are the cattle and sheep?
Why do you get pregnant when you dance with others?
Why do you get fat when you are flat and threatening?
Where do the clouds meet when there are shepherds?
What is the fate of hitting the bed first?
How can you get a husband and a cow when you have a constant army and accumulated virtue?
Why only go to the camp instead of coming?
Being in a daze will make you fidget.
Why are birds picking up thorns?
Show off your brother's adultery and endanger your brother.
Why do you become derailed and the heirs grow up?
Cheng Tang's trip to the East is very exciting.
Why ask my junior minister, and Ji Fei is?
The tree by the water, the boy.
What's wrong with a husband? What happened to my wife?
What happened to my husband?
I can't bear to attack the emperor, but who can choose?
Will it be a dream? How can I practice my period?
Birds fly in groups, which makes them extract?
Uncle is not good at bowing.
What's wrong with you? What's wrong with you?
Is it safe to grant Yin the world?
What is the crime of turning success into death?
Why fight for knives?
And drive the wing, why?
Zhao Houyou, the south soil is at the bottom.
What is the only advantage? What is the silver pheasant?
Mu Wang Joe, how much is her husband's weekly flow?
If you care about the world, what can you ask?
What's the name of the demon man in the city?
Who is responsible for Zhou you? How can I be praised?
Fate is against us, so what is the punishment?
After nine meetings, Qi Huan died.
The king's bow, which makes chaos?
What's wrong with helping others? Is flattery a service?
What is the opposite of doing it, suppressing it?
Why is the thunder on and off?
One of the sages, He De, is superior to others;
Mabel suffers, Ji Zi is crazy?
Ji is the son, what is the emperor?
Throw it on the ice. What kind of bird is it?
Why did he use bows and arrows, and Masayuki used bows and arrows?
The excitement of the emperor surprised me, but why?
The number of people in Bochang has dropped beyond our reach.
Why is there a Yin country?
If you move to Tibet, you will be divided. How can you rely on it?
There's no need to mock a woman who is confused by Yin.
Thanks to this, Xibo appealed.
Which relatives will be punished by heaven, and Yin's life will be hopeless?
What do you know when looking for a teacher?
Drum knife, raise your voice. What's the fun?
Wu Fa killed Yin, so why bother?
What's the hurry?
Berlin pheasant sutra, what's the point?
Why does it feel like the sky is falling? Who's afraid?
The emperor ordered, why stop?
Accept the gift from the world and replace it?
Tomson was loyal at first, but later he was assisted by someone.
What is official soup, respect for food?
Honor and harmony, dream of life, less discrete death.
He Zhuang Wu Li, can you be strict?
Peng Keng, what is an emperor?
How long can you live?
After the central grazing, what's the anger?
The life of the bee moth is very small, but what is its strength?
What is the use of deer?
North to backwater, what is the joy of extraction?
Brother eats dogs. What does brother want?
One hundred and twenty is easy to get, but no reward for a pawn?
Twilight lightning, why worry?
What does the emperor want when he is strict and does not serve?
He Yun, at the hidden point?
Jing Xun is a teacher. How long has her husband been?
What can I say if I change my mind after enlightenment?
Guangwu fought for his country, but after a long time, he won.
Why did He Huan write a poem after Lushe Mountain?
I'm telling you, it won't take long to block ao.
Why try to give yourself, and your loyalty will be known to everyone?
Tian Wen is a strange article in Qu Yuan's Songs of the South: to say it is strange is not only because the artistic expression is different from other works of Qu Yuan, but also because the author's thoughts are "strange" in the conception of the works-the amazing content shows the author's amazing artistic talent and the poet's extraordinary knowledge and imagination!
What is "Tian Wen"? Wang Yi's Chapters and Sentences of Chu Ci said: Why not say "Ask the Heaven"? Heaven can't ask, so it's called' Heaven Ask'. "He also said that Qu Yuan was demoted, worried and sad, traveled all over the mountains and rivers, passed by the Chuwang Temple and the Baiguan Temple, and saw stories of heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, immortals, ancient sages, monsters and ghosts on the wall, so he" prayed for heaven on the wall ". Although this statement has certain historical documents and cultural relics reference, it is not necessarily the real reason why Qu Yuan wrote Nine Questions. In Tian Wen, except asking about heaven and earth, sun and moon, mountains and rivers, ghosts and gods, most of the personnel involved were of practical significance at that time. Therefore, Qu Yuan's questions will not only be based on temple murals. But his subjective choice, which he carefully wrote. From the order of the full text, the historical facts of the last three generations naturally come naturally, ending with the sage and fool of Chu, which clearly shows the author's own ideological motivation and creative intention. Therefore, this piece of Tian Wen, which contains the author's thoughtful crystallization, can't be his impromptu work of "seeking heaven".
"Tian Wen" is the essence of Qu Yuan's thought and theory, and all the problems are strange and important events that are difficult to solve in ancient legends. "The theory of heaven and earth, the end of existence and abolition, the report of good and evil, the theory of ghosts and gods" seems to be seeking an answer and finding out a cause and effect. These problems have also been discussed by many scholars since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and almost all of them have been discussed in the articles of a hundred schools of thought contending. However, Qu Zi's Tian Wen has been made into such a huge system, with ambiguous sentences and doubtful tone, which is why Qu Zi is a poet rather than a philosopher. The meaning of the word "Tian" has been quite extensive in the Warring States period. Generally speaking, whatever is far away from people, higher than people, and ancient to people, what people can't understand and do is all under the control of "Heaven". The definition of matter has the meaning of origin, essence and origin. Yi copula says: "The image of law is nothing more than heaven and earth." Tian Wen in the Book of Changes also refers to all the statues. The word "Tao" in Taoism and the word "Yi" in the Book of Changes are all nouns used by various schools to express the images of these teachings. Qu Yuan is an important official in the imperial clan of Chu State, with rich knowledge and experience. He wrote this wonderful article with extraordinary wisdom, which is quite neat and full of miscellaneous opinions.
Judging from the structure and content of the whole poem, the whole poem has 372 sentences, 1553 words, which is a long poem with four sentences as the basic format. More than 170 questions are put forward, involving astronomy, geography, history, philosophy and many other aspects. Many of these problems were not solved in his time, but he had doubts, some of which he knowingly committed. Questions about many historical issues often show the author. On the question of nature, it shows the author's spirit of exploring the universe and doubts about legends, and also shows the author's progressive view of the universe and epistemology than his contemporaries. Tian Wen expresses profound contents with novel artistic techniques and becomes a unique masterpiece in Universal Library.
Generally speaking, the whole poem can be divided into two parts. Each part can be divided into several parts.
From the beginning of the article to Yao's Hidden Spirit, this part of Qu Zi asked about the sky, and the creation of the universe is the premise of everything, which became the beginning of Qu Yuan's question. Among them, from "The Beginning of Ancient Times" to "How to Know" asked about the celestial bodies, and "Ming Ming Secretly" talked about the phenomenon of the change of yin and yang in the universe. The second section, from "nine days" to "hidden and safe", asks the sun, the moon and the stars: Why don't they fall? How many roads does the sun walk every day? Why does the moon have sunny days? And questions about some legends about the sun and the moon. Starting with "I don't want to be a flood" and transitioning from Yu's "Water Control" to "Kyushu's Fault" ... Why are you so angry? "How did the ancient legends say about the earth, and the following six sentences" I can't get a good day "are questioning the phenomenon of seeing the sun on the earth. In the third section, from "How can there be a stone forest" to "How can there be a Kuroha", most of them are two sentences, all of which are strange things in folklore at that time.
The first part of the above Tian Wen is about asking questions about natural things and thinking about some myths and historical legends related to nature in parallel. The article is full of variety, association and emotion. Except for a few sentences that may be wrong (such as He Hai Ying Long, which is either wrong or wrong), we can't treat it with people's accustomed article structure, but think that it is "out of context" and chaotic.
Since Yu Zhili's Contribution, he has questioned a large number of fairy tales, historical legends and historical facts, and these various personnel problems constitute the second part of Tian Wen.
Female Qi, Gun, Jade, * * Gong, Hou Yi, Qi, Dragon, Butterfly, Hou Yi, Yi Yin ... Qu Zi raised many questions about these legendary things and people one by one. In his doubts about the legends of these people and gods, he often shows the poet's feelings, love and hate. Especially the legend about Kun Yu shows the author's great injustice. He deeply sympathized with Gun's great contribution to water control and was executed. In his view, Gun's death was not a failure of water control as Confucianism thought, but was suspected by the emperor because of his integrity. This kind of "problem" actually shows the poet's resentment against the unfair treatment he encountered in the political struggle.
Starting from "Destiny Leads Over", it further involves historical stories and figures after the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, such as Shun, Jie, Tang, Zhou, Bi Gan, Mei Bo, King Wen,,, Mu Wang, You Wang, and praised them until,,, and Ling Yin Wen Zi ... Qu Yuan raised many questions. Compared with Li Sao, he further expounded his political views and criticized the political reality of Chu, which was also a change expression of hoping that the monarch could promote talents, accept historical lessons and govern the country again.
The artistic expression of Tian Wen mainly takes four words as sentences and links one question with another in the form of questions. Careful reading can still sort out the context and understand the main brain. Tian Wen is different from other chapters of Qu Fu in language application. There is no word "xi" throughout, and there are no suffix auxiliary words such as "some" and "only". The sentence is mainly composed of four words, including three, five, six and seven words. Roughly four sentences are divided into one section, each section has rhyme, and the rhythm and rhyme are naturally coordinated. There are many forms such as one question, two questions, three questions and four questions. Interrogative words "He", "Hu", "Yan", "Ji", "Who", "Who" and "An" are used alternately and vary a lot. Therefore, although the questions are asked throughout and read roundly, they are not boring. There is a wind at the uneven level, so the predecessors commented: "Or long words, or phrases, or intricate, or. (Yu Yue's Comments on Songs of the South quoted Sun Yong) This constitutes Tian Wen's unique artistic style. Of course, it is to show Qu Yuan's academic thoughts and put forward real questions. Therefore, in rhetoric, it is naturally not as beautiful and romantic as Li Sao, Tian Wen and Nine Chapters, but as Qing Shang He commented in Sao Raft, "its meaning is not as tortuous as other chapters, but it is naturally a strange chapter in the universe."
After Tian Wen was published, there were many imitations. In Jin Dynasty, Fu Xuan wrote Learning from Heaven, Liang Jiangyan wrote Gu Sui Pian, Tang wrote Hun, Liu Zongyuan wrote Tian Dui, Xiao Ru wrote Miscellaneous Questions, Wang Tingxiang wrote Answering Tian Wen, and Qing also wrote Tian Wen, which shows its far-reaching influence on later literary creation thoughts. However, most imitations lack both ideological value and literary value.
In a word, Tian Wen is a literary masterpiece with great characteristics and significance in the history of China literature, and it has quite high value and status in the history of China literature and the history of world literature. (