Plum blossoms are caused by hair, and perfume is from dragons.
The misty rain kiln city was dark and the road was closed by mildew and moss.
The rise and fall of infinite hatred, the elimination of a bell. "
-"Linggu Temple"
Qu Dajun was born in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when the social revolution changed. The life of intellectuals is very complicated, and their ideological changes are unprecedented. Faced with the invasion and slaughter of their own nation by foreign ruling groups, they can only go against foreign aggression and strive to restore the struggle path of their motherland. Even if the struggle fails, they can keep their integrity and swear to death. In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), Qu Dajun participated in the anti-Qing uprising in Gaoming Chen Bangyan, Guangdong. After the defeat, in the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), the Qing soldiers were trapped in Guangzhou again, and he was shaved as a monk in Leifeng Haiyun Temple in Yuangang Township, Panyu. His dharma name is this, and his words are a spirit. Since then, his fighting spirit has not diminished. As a monk, he has been running around, dying and fighting for the restoration of the Ming Dynasty.
In the 16th year of Shunzhi (1659), Li Yong was chased by Qing soldiers and fled to Myanmar. Qu Dajun also failed in the anti-Qing struggle in the south of the Yangtze River, and took refuge in Linggu Temple for the time being. Linggu Temple is located on the southeast slope of Zijinshan Mountain in the eastern suburb of Nanjing, about 1.5km east of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Linggu Temple, formerly known as Kaichan Temple, was built in Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties to commemorate the famous Buddhist monk Master Baozhi. In the early Ming Dynasty, because of the construction of Xiaoling Mausoleum, Kaizen Temple was moved from Dulong House. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang personally named Linggu Temple and called it "the first Zen forest in the world". Because of the elegant scenery of Linggu Temple, Zhu Yuanzhang personally inscribed the sacred plaque of "the first jungle in the world"; Since then, Linggu Temple and Xiaoling Mausoleum were important scenic spots in Jinling in Ming Dynasty, and people came to pay homage from time to time. After the regime change, these scenes showed a desolate and declining state. At this time, facing the scenery around Linggu Temple, the poet Qu Dajun wrote the poem Linggu Temple.
Nanjing was once the capital of Zhu Ming Dynasty, with Ming Taizu's mausoleum, and Nanjing was also the capital of Hong Guang Dynasty in Nanming. Nanjing is undoubtedly the symbol of the old country, where every mountain, water, grass and tree will lead to the rise and fall of the poets of the adherents. This poem about "Linggu Temple" was obviously performed by the poet.
The first two sentences of this poem are mainly about scenery. The first couplet is about what I often see when I go out. There are towering old trees around Linggu Temple, which is known as "Ancient Shen Song". The pine forest ten miles away is extremely quiet.
In the distance, Zhuan Xu wrote that the plum blossom was particularly gorgeous because of Ming Taizu's decision. The spring water of Linggu Temple gurgles, and its fragrance comes from the gift of dragons. To the east of Linggu Temple is Xiaoling Mausoleum, the tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and near it is Meihua Mountain, the cemetery of Sun Quan in the Three Kingdoms period. When the Xiaoling Mausoleum was first built, some ministers proposed to move Sun Quan's cemetery, but Zhu Yuanzhang admired Sun Quan's reputation and did not agree. Therefore, Meihua Mountain is particularly prosperous in Xiaoling because of the decision of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor.
On the surface, this poem describes the deep pine of the ancient spirit outside the temple and the plum fragrance of Meihua Mountain. The essence of poetry is to express the feelings of the changes of mountains and rivers and scenery, so as to express the Susen scene of Jinling, the old capital of Nanming Dynasty. In the poem, it is particularly emphasized that "plum blossoms are fragrant from the hair and fragrant from the dragon." This is because to the east of Linggu Temple is Xiaoling Mausoleum, the imperial tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and Meihua Mountain, the cemetery of Sun Quan in the Three Kingdoms period. When the Xiaoling Mausoleum was first built, some ministers proposed to move Sun Quan's cemetery, but Zhu Yuanzhang admired Sun Quan's reputation and did not agree. Therefore, the plum blossoms in Meihua Mountain are so brilliant because of the decision of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Taizu.
The poet went on to write about the bubbling spring water next to Linggu Temple. Its fragrance and fragrance is a gift from Xiaoling Dragon. Then, the poem personifies people by borrowing things, showing that Linggu Temple is misty and rainy and the kiln city is hazy; Even the moldy moss has closed the road. No wonder the emperor's chariots and horses can't come to pay homage. Here, the poet deliberately exaggerated the atmosphere of the past with a "moldy road print", suggesting the Susen scene in Jinling, the old capital of Nanming. Poetry is bitter and implicit, sad and sad, which expresses the poet's extremely sad national feelings when the country changes ownership. In order to highlight the determination and fighting spirit of poets in the Ming Dynasty, we should not forget to restore them. He did not describe it from the front, but wrote "rise and fall, infinite hatred, and a bell went out" in reverse, which made the poet's strong fighting spirit more vivid and touching, and his art reached a profound and implicit realm.
The poets here deliberately exaggerate the atmosphere of the past. On the other hand, it reflects the Susen scene of Jinling, the old capital of Nanming in reality.
The last two couplets of the poem are to express the poet's deep feelings and feelings. Chain mail poets looked around, and the kiln city was misty and rainy; The emperor's car hasn't come for a long time, and the road is blocked by moldy moss, so we can't go. After the Li Dynasty, Linggu Temple was no longer as prosperous as it used to be. The scenery of the past is still vivid, but people's moods are quite different. Susen scene in Linggu Temple is a true portrayal of Susen scene in Jinling, the old capital of Nanming Dynasty, and also a reflection of the poet's mood.
Tail couplet, after the poet wrote to abandon vulgarity and become a monk, he did not ask vulgar things, which was very detached. The hatred of rise and fall disappears in the morning bell and dusk drum. Clocks and watches, metal products. Buddhists ring the bell to wake themselves up. According to the "hundred zhangs clear rules". "Yi Zhang" said: "The small bell will break the long night's police sleep; When you hit it at dusk, you will feel dizzy. "
However, can the hatred of rise and fall really disappear in this morning bell and dusk drum? No In fact, the poet used the technique of writing backwards. Writing negative rather than positive makes poetry more subtle and profound. Qu Dajun's seclusion is not an escape from reality, but a struggle strategy to maintain integrity.
On the surface, this poem describes the deep pine of the ancient spirit outside the temple and the plum fragrance of Meihua Mountain, but in essence it shows the Susen scene of Jinling, the old capital of Nanming Dynasty. The mountains and rivers have changed, the scenery has changed, and it looks very sad. Bitter and implicit, it reflects the poet's extremely sad national feelings when the country changed hands. In order to highlight the determination and fighting spirit of poets in the Ming Dynasty, we should not forget to restore them. Instead of a positive description, he wrote "Rise and Fall, Infinite Hatred, One Bell Extinction" in reverse, which made the poet's decision-making fighting spirit more vivid and touching, and his art reached a profound and implicit realm.
When discussing poetry, Qian Ceng put forward the poetic aesthetic thought at the turn of the century. For example, in his Preface to Feng Dingyuan's Poems, he said that the feeling of "being poor" is that "poets think beauty". This poem embodies the aesthetic thought of "sadness and poverty" at the turn of a generation.