In some other countries, the role of railway police is different from that of ordinary public security organs. They look more like security personnel. Although there are many differences, their duties are all around the railway system, defending railway property, equipment, public security and cracking down on crime. The railway police in some countries will have more law enforcement power because of their own characteristics. In the United States and Canada, all railway police are responsible for the security work on the 1 class railway (the United States divides the railway into three classes according to the profits generated by the railway). In other countries, this kind of work is usually done by local public security rather than setting up a special department. In Britain, the traffic police are responsible for the railway police, and the British traffic police are responsible for the overall safety of the railway transportation system. In Canada, the entire railway system was imported from the United States, and the railway police were also imported from the United States. Before the establishment of the Canadian Federation, the railway police enjoyed the same law enforcement power as the federal police within a quarter mile of the diameter of trains and railway companies. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company initially relied on the Dominion Police, which was the predecessor of the Northwest Mounted Police Force during the construction of the cross-sea railway.
19 In the late 1980s, the Canadian Pacific Railway Company established its own railway police. At that time, the railway company hired a large number of workers, which brought many problems. 1900 The Pacific Railway Company has set up a security department, which operates in a similar way to the municipal, provincial and national police in Europe and America. Its responsibilities include: investigating and preventing theft, pickpocketing, sabotage, slowdowns and strikes.
At that time, Canada passed the "China Immigration Act"No. 1885, and the federal government required the police of Pacific Railway Company to supervise the workers in China. At that time, workers in China were called "detainees". They were oppressed like prisoners, starving every day and working beyond the limit.
With the progress of human civilization, today, the public security departments of Canadian National Railway Company and Pacific Railway Company are responsible for railway safety, and the railway police swear allegiance to the railway safety law. This law stipulates that the federal government has the right to appoint a natural person as a professional railway policeman. These railway policemen are employed by railway companies, whose main responsibility is to reduce traffic casualties along the railway. They usually investigate crimes and illegal acts (traffic accidents, railway damage), accident investigation and railway safety publicity.
It is worth noting that the Canadian National Railway Company was a state-owned enterprise before 1994, and later it became a private enterprise. Therefore, the service target of the national railway police has changed around 1994. In addition, the Canadian railway police also need to swear allegiance to the laws of the provinces. For the benefit of all provinces, the railway police often play the role of "local police reserve" when the local police force in Canada is insufficient due to low wages. Because a lot of work needs the assistance of local public security, if the railway police can't handle it, it will be handed over to the local police, and the local police have the right to ask the railway police to assist in handling business unrelated to the railway. There is no independent railway traffic police in the Swiss public security system, because all railway workers have certain police power. However, due to the increasing railway crimes in Switzerland in the late 1990s, they had to "borrow" German federal police from Germany to protect the safety of train drivers on commuter trains.
In 2002, Swiss SBB-CFF-FFS Railway Company set up its own railway police named Securitas AG, which assumed the responsibility of defending Swiss railways, passengers, railway assets and railway workers. 20 1 1 at the beginning of the year, the railway police were transformed into civil servants, and all railway police had to study in the police academy for two years and obtain certificates. Swiss railway police generally do not carry firearms when on duty, but police equipment such as tear gas sprayers and handcuffs are used as their law enforcement tools. The railway police in the United States can be traced back to the period of picton National Detective Agency. /kloc-in the mid-0/9th century, the US military was unable to defend the railway lines in the wide-area territory. The railways far away from the prosperous areas make freight and passenger transport suffer security threats to varying degrees. Picton's keen business sense points to railway safety. Accompanied by lawyer Lincoln (later president of the United States), George B. McClellan, the director of Ohio-Mississippi Railway, boldly adopted Lincoln's suggestion and agreed to provide funds for picton National Detective Agency to protect railway safety.
This picton-style railway security contract lasted until the American Civil War, during which each railway company set up its own railway police. 1863 After the establishment of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, picton National Detective Agency and the newly established railway police became tools to suppress railway strikes.
In addition, at that time, the conductor often stole things by himself and did not provide passengers with tickets after receiving the passengers' property. 1854, picton began to investigate this behavior that touched the interests of railway companies. Until 1 February, 8551,he set up the Northwest Railway Police with 10000 dollars sponsored by Midwest Railway Company.
In the United States, the constitution gives some railway police enough power to enforce the law. The American Crime Control Act (Chapter 1704) of 1990 stipulates the appointment, responsibilities and organizational forms of railway police: any appointed railway police shall abide by the laws of any state and exercise their powers within the railway jurisdiction according to the laws and regulations promulgated by the US Secretary of Transportation.
It is worth noting that Chapter 1704 of the Crime Control Law also talks about the "law-designated railway police law enforcement authority". In some places, the railway police may have the power of the local police. For example, the railway police, California, in the state, they have enough law enforcement power, while in the railway jurisdiction of other States, they have only limited power.
Railway police signs (badges, etc.) ) It is different in American states, because they are appointed by the local state government, and they have the power to arrest not only within the state, but also across the state. Although laws and regulations stipulate that the jurisdiction of railway police is limited to railways and railway land, according to the actual situation of each state, railway police can refer to other laws and regulations to ensure the smooth implementation of cross-regional arrests.
According to the laws of American States, the railway police can be regarded as having three identities at the same time: local public security, special action public security and industrial public security. For example, in Virginia, in any county court, the railway director can appoint his own railway police.
Duties of American railway police: investigating illegal intrusion into railway jurisdiction, passenger safety, anti-terrorism, arson, graffiti, vandalism, signal damage, pickpocketing, ticket fraud, robbery, theft, train derailment, vehicle collision, traffic accidents on railway land and leakage accidents of railway harmful substances.