Introduction:
This is a well-known masterpiece, the most representative work of Tao Yuanming, and the pinnacle of pastoral poetry. Its original text is as follows:
Guiyuan Tianju (1)
Du Fu
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Return to an idyllic place without proper rhyming translation;
Since I was a child, I didn't adapt to the secular interests. I was born to like mountains and rivers and the countryside. Fall into a human trap and walk for thirty years. Birds in cages miss the Woods where they live. The fish trapped in the pond miss the deep pools they swam in. Reclaim wasteland in Shan Ye (South) and do my duty (I) to live (go) in the garden. There are more than ten acres of land around the house, and there are eight or nine thatched huts. Elms and willows cover the back eaves, and peach trees and plum trees are arranged in front of the hall. The village in the distance is faintly visible, and the smoke in the village is slowly drifting away. Dogs bark in deep alleys and chickens crow at the top of mulberry trees. There are no worldly chores in the door, and the humble room has its own leisure. After a long time in officialdom, you can return to nature.
Returning to the garden is small and there is no suitable vulgar rhyme background;
In 405 (the first year of the Eastern Jin Emperor Yi), Tao Yuanming made a county magistrate in Pengze, Jiangxi, but after more than 80 days, he claimed that he didn't want to? Bend down and ask for five buckets of rice for the children in the village? Hang up and go home. From then on, I ended my seclusion and official life, and finally went to the countryside. After coming back, I wrote a set of five poems, this is the first one.
Interpretation of rhyming words in Guiyuan;
1 Shao: refers to youth.
1 adapt to the secular: adapt to the secular. Rhyme: Natural temperament.
2 dust net: refers to the world, the official life is dirty and introverted, such as a net. This refers to official career.
Thirty years: Some people think so? Thirteen years? Mistake (Tao Yuanming was an official for thirteen years)
4 caged bird: a bird in a cage. Pond fish: fish in the pond. Birds miss the old forest and fish miss their hometown, which means they miss their hometown.
Ye Nan: One is nanmu. International: between.
6. Obedience: Just don't go with the flow and stick to moral integrity.
Party 7: Read? Beside? . There are more than ten acres of land around the house.
8 yin: yin.
9. List.
10 warm: pronounced as? Hey hey? , dim, fuzzy.
1 1 yiyi: rise gently and slowly. Market: village.
12, these two sentences are all adapted from the article "Chicken Crow" in Han Yuefu? The cock crows in the tree and the dog crows in the palace? Meaning.
13 households: doors. Trivia in the world.
14 virtual room: empty room. Leisure: leisure.
15 norm: fence. Fan Long: A bird storage tool, which is a metaphor for the prosperity of official transportation. Return to nature: refers to return to farming and gardening. These two sentences mean that I am like a caged bird, returning to nature and free.
Central idea:
The whole poem reveals a sense of relief from the intense and boring life in officialdom to the beautiful and moving pastoral scenery and comfortable and pleasant pastoral life, and expresses the love for nature and freedom.
Appreciation of the Folk Rhyme of Returning to the Garden:
The first four sentences, first talk about the conflict between personality and past life trajectory. Rhyme and sex refer to people's character and spiritual temperament. So-called? Suitable for vulgar rhyme? It is nothing more than the kind of modality and skill that caters to the secular, social and opportunities. This is something that poets have never learned. As a sincere and frank person, his nature seems to have an inherent similarity with the simple countryside and quiet nature, so? Aiqiu Mountain? . The first two sentences reveal the author's lofty, aloof and detached personality. After seeing through the officialdom, he insisted on leaving, dissatisfied and desperate with the darkness of officialdom. It sets the tone for the whole poem, and it is also a foreshadowing, which is the fundamental reason why the poet finally resigned after entering the officialdom. However, life is often a necessity. As the official's children, entering the official career is the usual choice; As an intellectual who is familiar with Confucian classics, if he wants to succeed in society, he must also enter the power organization of society; Just to support a small family and maintain a comfortable daily life, you also need to be an official. So you're going against your will? Rhyme? And then what? Sex? , running in the officialdom. Looking back, it was misguided and strayed into the dirty and boring secular net that bound human nature. ? 30 years? , when? Thirteen years? This mistake. It happened to be thirteen years since Tao Yuanming began to be an official and finally retired. This sentence seems prosaic, but it is meaningful. The poet, like an old friend with deep friendship, sighed to the countryside. Oh, this is thirteen years! ? I have infinite feelings and attachment in my heart, but I still hid it when I wrote it.
The following four sentences are the transition of two kinds of life. Although it is? Mistaken into the dust net, but emotional. ? Birds love the old forest, but the fish in the pool lose their source? The two sentences focus on the mood when you are an official. From the above, the tone is smooth and there is no gap. Because of the use of two similar metaphors and antithesis sentences, the mood of being tired of the old life and longing for a new life is strengthened; Then transfer the following from here:? Open up wasteland in the south and return to the garden? It's natural, appropriate, and traceless. ? Stupid? Response? There is no vulgar rhyme because you don't know how to take advantage of interests. It is better to keep your own stupidity and don't have to wander around the world reluctantly. ? Back to Tian Yuan? Response? Nature loves Qiushan. It obeys this nature, allowing this life to stretch naturally and get what it wants. The conflict written at the beginning is solved here.
Get rid of the conflict, the heart is happy and the mood is open. In the following eight sentences, sing the scenery around your home with Xinxin's pen. Everything described here is ordinary. Land, straw house; Elm, peach and plum; Village, smoke curled up; Dogs crow and chickens crow. But it is these ordinary things that, in the poet's pen, constitute a very quiet and beautiful, fresh and gratifying picture. In this picture, the pastoral scenery is presented to readers with its light and simple natural beauty, which makes people feel leisurely and fascinated. It's kind of like heaven. ? The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. Among them, farming, men and women dressed, known as outsiders; The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself. ? (Peach Blossom Garden) In fact, both the imaginary taoyuan and the real rural areas show one of Tao Yuanming's ideals: a reasonable society should be a society without competition, hypocrisy, external etiquette constraints, and everyone is self-employed and self-reliant. This kind of society is of course impossible to realize; Tao Yuanming's rural areas also deliberately ignored the hard and cruel side of life. But as the structure of poetry, it gives people beautiful comfort. ? Literature often plays such a role.
At first glance, this paragraph only feels natural and plain, but it is actually quite ingenious. ? Party (same? Beside? ) More than ten acres of houses, eight or nine huts? , is a simple sketch, showing the simplicity of the owner's life. However, although there is no grandeur of carved beams and painted buildings, the elm trees behind the house and the peach blossoms and plum blossoms in front of the hall are fascinating. The first four sentences form close-ups. But this close-up is not enough for Tao Yuanming to paint a peaceful and peaceful artistic conception. So then move the pen to the distant scene:? The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. ? Warm, it is fuzzy, and the villages are far apart, so it is fuzzy, just like a painter in China often draws a few strokes of pen and ink when he paints a vision. Yiyi described the slowly rising smoke. The scenery described in these two sentences gives people a sense of calm and serenity, as if the world is not disturbed by any force. From four close-range sentences to two long-range sentences, it is like the focal plane slowly pulling away, melting a cottage full of peasant flavor into a far-reaching background. The picture is very light, but the taste is very strong, which makes people open-minded and relaxed. After reading this, you may feel that something is missing. Yes, this scene is too quiet, it seems a little less angry. But the poet has not forgotten this. Please listen to me. Dogs bark in deep alleys, chickens crow and mulberry trees jump? Suddenly, this beautiful pastoral painting is lifelike. Are these two sentences paraphrased from Han Yuefu's "Chicken Crow"? The cock crows in the tree and the dog crows in the palace? Slight change. But the poet never shows off his knowledge, but he can get it at hand. Instead of writing insects and birds, he wrote a very common cock crow and dog bark, because cock crow and dog bark are the most distinctive in the rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture. Vaguely, did it also infiltrate the so-called "Lao Zi"? Small country and few people? 、? The voices of chickens and dogs are heard, and the people die of old age. The ideal social concept is hard to say. Judging from the poetic context itself, these two strokes are indispensable. It properly shows the flavor of rural life, without destroying the quiet mood at all, and will not make you feel noisy and irritable. To compare the famous sentences of the royal family? Cicada is silent in the forest, Tonamiyama is more secluded? , the so-called? When you move, you write quietly. The brushwork, too much emphasis, too hard.
Turn around from the scene, it's like this: There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. ? Dusty refers to mundane chores, and virtual rooms are quiet rooms. As an official, there are always a lot of stupid things that you don't want to do, and a lot of boring entertainment. Now I have got rid of all of them and lived a leisurely life in a quiet place. However, the most pleasant thing is not to do nothing here, but to live according to your own wishes from now on. The whole poem ends in two sentences:? Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today. ? Nature not only refers to the natural environment, but also refers to a natural and undistorted life. These two sentences start together again? No vulgar rhyme, sex autumn mountain? Echoing each other, at the same time, it is the pen that points the topic, revealing the theme of "returning to the garden". But this kind of echo and direction does not feel reluctant at all. The whole poem, from the intense boredom of official life to the beautiful rural scenery and the joy of a new life, naturally reveals a feeling of relief. This ending is both exquisite and logical.
Posterity evaluation:
1, and Su Dongpo said:? His poems characterize reality, but enrich it. ? (with Su Zheshu) Say it again:? Yuan Ming's poems are slow at first glance, but when they are ripe, there are strange sentences. ?
About the author:
Tao Yuanming (about 365 years? In 427), Ziliang, also known as Qian, was known as Mr. Keisuke, Han nationality, born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). Poets and poets at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. He worked as a small official for several years, then resigned and went home. Since then, he has lived in seclusion. Pastoral life is the main theme of Tao Yuanming's poems. Related works include Drinking, Returning to Garden, Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, and Returning to Xi Ci, etc. He is the founder of the pastoral school.
Tao Yuanming's poetry and prose has a unique artistic style and high attainments, which has opened up a new realm for classical poetry. The works are simple and natural, which affects the creation of Tang poetry out of true feelings.
Tang people are not shy about calling Tao Wei or Tao. Born around 365. He once served as Jiangzhou wine offering, Jianwei joining the army, Zhenjun joining the army, Pengze County Order, etc. He left his post after more than 80 days as the county magistrate of pengze county, and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China. There is Tao Yuanming's collection. Known as? Hermit through the ages? . Great-grandfather Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, made outstanding military achievements. He was an official of Fu, the commander-in-chief of the military affairs of the eight countries, and Jing and Jiang were the secretariat of Changsha. Grandfather Tao Mao and father Tao Yi are both governors. The father's name is not recorded in history, so it is doubtful. )
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