In November (755), in the 14th year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, An Lushan rose up against the Tang Dynasty, and Prince Hengli was stationed in Lingwu (now Ningxia), which was used by Tang Suzong. Du Fu went to Suzong court alone, but unfortunately he was captured by rebels on the way and sent to Chang 'an, but he was not imprisoned because of his humble position.
In the spring of the second year (757) from Tang Suzong to Germany, Du Fu, who was in the occupied area, witnessed the depression in Chang 'an and wrote this masterpiece that will be told for generations.
The extended message "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." The beginning of the poem describes what I saw in spring: the mountains and rivers remain the same, but the capital has fallen, the city is ruined in the war, the grass grows and the trees are barren. The poet remembers how prosperous the spring in Chang 'an was, with birds singing and flowers fragrant, sheep flying, bright smoke and tourists lingering, but that scene has disappeared today.
A word "broken" makes people stunned, and another word "deep" makes people sad. The poet wrote about today's scenery, which truly expressed people's sense of history, pinned their feelings on things, and created a desolate atmosphere for the whole poem with the help of scenery.
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." Flowers shed tears mercilessly, birds are frightened without hatred, and flowers and birds have grievances because of people. Flowers in spring are originally beautiful and fragrant; Birds in spring should cheer and sing euphemistic songs to make people happy. Whether it is "feeling for time" or "hating farewell", it embodies Du Fu's misery.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." The poet thought: The war has been going on for a spring and it is still not over. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was forced to flee to Shu, and Tang Suzong just succeeded to the throne. However, loyalists have not yet achieved a favorable situation and failed to recover Xijing. It seems that the war will last for a long time.
I still remember that I was captured and locked up in the enemy camp. I haven't heard from my wife and children for a long time. Their lives are uncertain, and I don't know what happened. If only I could get a letter from home.
"A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" contains a lot of bitterness and expectation, which reflects the poet's urgent mood in the case of news isolation and long-awaited situation. War is the real reason why a letter from home is better than "10,000 yuan", and it is also the empathy of all the people in war-stricken countries. It reflects the good wishes of the broad masses of people to oppose war and look forward to peace and stability, which naturally makes people cry.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "When the war lasts for several months, the family will not believe it, and the worries of the country and the family will come to mind, and the internal and external troubles will be entangled. I have a miserable scene in front of me and I am extremely anxious. At this moment, I don't feel bored, scratch my head, hesitate, and my hair turns white.
After leaving home, I have been wandering in the war and trapped in Chang' an for several months. I have less hair. I scratch my hair with my hands, and I feel that my hair is scarce and my eyes are short-sighted. I can't even get my hair in.
The poet wrote about his own experience of getting old because of the destruction of the country and the division of the war. "White hair" comes from troubles, and "scratching" is because I want to relieve troubles. Hair is white and thin. From the change of hair, readers feel the poet's inner pain and sadness, and readers can better understand the poet's true image of worrying about the country and home when he is injured. This is a touching, complete and full artistic image.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Hope of Spring