First look at the type.
Judging from the content of poetry, the basic types of classical poetry are as follows. (1) farewell class. ② Nostalgia. (3) homesick for human beings. Express your thoughts about your hometown or relatives. (4) war or frontier fortress. 5 leisure class. 6 borrow scenery to express emotion. ⑦ Hold things and express your will. 8 love class. 9 people's livelihood As long as students master the basic reading level and carefully read the original poem two or three times, they can basically decide the types of the above nine tricks.
Second, repair feelings.
After finding the image, the feelings of the whole poem naturally appear. The words that can express the feelings and colors of poetry are: joy, joy, anger, sorrow, sadness, sorrow, praise, admiration, farewell, attachment, heroism, leisure, indifference, infatuation, love, sadness, loneliness, sadness, boredom, adherence to moral integrity, and concern for the country and the people.
3. Set the main idea.
In other words, determining the ideological content of poetry is the core of poetry creation and appreciation. The ideological content of poetry is nothing more than the following aspects: loving the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, worrying about the country and the people, cherishing the past and hurting the present, opposing the war, pursuing peace, despising the powerful, being cynical, not meeting talented people, caring for mountains and rivers, retiring from the countryside, enjoying the victory, cherishing spring and autumn, remembering friends and homesickness, knowing each other and dating each other, and not hating leaving sorrow.
4. Find the image (allusions).
In a sense, the focus of poetry appreciation is to correctly grasp the images described in poetry, that is, the images described in poetry (people, things, scenery, things). Many images in ancient poetry have their own metaphorical meanings. Although the figurative meaning of this image may be different in different artistic conception, it has something in common in most cases.
5. Find skills.
The quality of a poem is closely related to its expressive skills, which should be analyzed from three aspects: expressive mode, rhetorical device and expressive device.
6. Product style.
"Style" refers to the different creative characteristics caused by the author's life experience and artistic accomplishment. For example, Li Bai's poems are fresh and elegant, Du Fu's poems are depressed and frustrated, Tao Yuanming's poems are diluted and peaceful, Wang Wei's poems are picturesque, Han Yu's poems are mysterious and strange, and Bai Juyi's poems are popular and distinctive. For another example, according to the ci theorists, Su Shi and Xin Qiji's ci are bold and unrestrained, while Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao's ci are graceful and restrained.
At the end of poetry appreciation, or subtleties, students should understand the author's language style and the expressive effect that the language wants to achieve. And some related nouns are: majestic, tragic, broad-minded, desolate, depressed, elegant, implicit, lingering, fresh, bright, beautiful, bleak, sad and bright.
Language expression effect: sincere, touching, touching, tearful, lofty, scene blending, intriguing and memorable.
The above six points seem to be scattered, and it seems that the poem is read in pieces, but it is by no means the case. This is just as we often say, but I modified it slightly: "The master leads the door and practices in the individual." Only by letting students know the doorway of poetry appreciation can students establish the concept of appreciation, and then cultivate their own appreciation style through continuous appreciation.
Second, the content of poetry, thoughts and feelings
(A), the classification of poetry content
Farewell poems to friends, lyric poems to borrow scenery, poems to think about women, poems to express feelings about things, and poems to chant epic poems.
Travel poems, frontier poems, situational poems, pastoral poems.
Farewell poems mostly remind and praise each other. Or say goodbye or miss after saying goodbye.
Reciting ancient poems is mostly a tribute to ancient people or things. Or remember the sages, or admire the ancients, or express their desire to make contributions, or complain about their untimely birth, or lament the prosperity of the past and the decline of the present, or use the past to satirize the present.
War poems either show the pride of defending the country and defending the country, or show the heroism of sacrificing one's life to kill the enemy, or show the heroism of a soldier's triumph, or show his dislike of war, expose the suffering brought by war to relatives, hometown and people, and accuse feudal rulers of waging war.
Frontier poems describe the life of frontier troops, or show the cold living environment of frontier fortress, or show the magnificent frontier fortress scenery.
Poems about homesickness, in my heart forever's poems and poems about traveling and traveling all focus on expressing the thoughts of relatives, or expressing women's tenderness, sadness and sadness. Or show the bitterness of wandering life in a different place and the yearning for relatives in my hometown.
Lyrics about scenery and poems about objects (including pastoral poems and recluse poems) often show the noble qualities of poets who are different from others and unwilling to go with the flow of the world, or express their sadness of serving the country without talent or morality, or express other complicated feelings of joy or sadness or worry, or express the magnificence of the mountains and rivers of the motherland and their infinite love for the great rivers and mountains. Others use scenery (things) to express their lofty aspirations and noble essence.
(B), common thoughts and feelings in poetry
1 When you are worried about your country and hurt yourself:
Expose the fatuity and decay of the rulers, such as Du Mu's "Crossing the Qing Palace" (Chang 'an looks back and embroiders piles, and the top of the mountain opens thousands of doors. As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south. )
Reflect the pain of leaving the troubled times, such as: Du Fu's "Spring Hope" (although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the plants are green in spring. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. At the peak of March, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. )
Sympathize with people's sufferings, such as Song of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Bai Juyi's Charcoal Man.
Worries about the future and destiny of the nation, such as Du Fu's "Climbing the Building" (flowers, as high as my window, hurt the hearts of wanderers, because I see, from this height, everywhere sad. The spring scenery of Jinjiang flooded in, and the clouds on the mountain, ancient, varied and changeable. The imperial court, like the North Star, will not change in the end, and the Western Hills of Kohl will not invade Tibet. However, in the twilight, I felt sorry for the sorrow of a long-lost emperor. I sang the songs that his prime minister sang when he was not unfamiliar on the mountain. ) This is a poem that touches time and matter. The author wrote about going upstairs to see the boundless spring scenery, and he couldn't help but feel sad when he thought of the once-in-a-lifetime and changeable situation. Then I think the imperial court is as unshakable as the Arctic constellation. Even if Tubo invades, it is difficult to change people's orthodoxy. Finally, it reveals the ambition of imitating Zhuge Liang to assist the court, which is full of the spirit of clarifying the world. The whole poem is lyrical on the spot.
2. Make meritorious service to the country
The desire to make contributions is as follows: Cao Cao's "Although the turtle is born" (Although the turtle is born, there is still a time. The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust. The old horse lurks, aiming at a thousand miles. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. The year of surplus harvest is not only in the sky. Blessings that nourish grace can last forever. I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire. ) Lu You's book "Anger" (It is difficult to be a governor when you are young)
The determination to defend our country is as follows: Wang Changling's Join the Army. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned. )
Is there any way to serve the country, such as Xin Qiji's Nostalgia at Jingkou Gubeiting and Ugly Slave? Teenagers don't know the taste of sorrow.
Over time, the sigh of hard ambition is like: Su Shi's Water Tune? Chibi nostalgia "
Sadness with unclear ideals, such as Qu Yuan's Crossing the River.
3. Homesick people
Wandering and anxiety: Meng Haoran's Sleeping in Jiande (my boat is sailing in the fog, the day is getting shorter and the memories of the old days begin). The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon. ) Wen Tingyun's "Going to Good Morning" (I will levy in the morning and I will mourn my hometown. When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost. Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post. Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food. )
Miss relatives and friends, such as Wang Wei's "I miss my Shandong brothers on vacation in the mountains" and Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi"? Ten years of life and death "
Homesick border, such as: Fan Zhongyan's "Pride of Fisherman" (Qiu Lai scenery is different, Hengyang geese go inadvertently. The four sides are connected with each other. Thousands of miles away, the long smoke closes. A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. Guan Qiang frost is sleepless in the world, and the general is white-haired and in tears! )
There are people in the boudoir, such as Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart (there are few women in the boudoir-women don't know how to worry, and they make up in the spring. Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have asked my husband to find Hou Feng. ) Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Sand" (When the pavilion is destroyed, the creek bridge is thin and the grass is warm and swaying. Sadness is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water. Inch by inch, my heart is tender, my eyes are full of tears, and the height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence. Pingwu is full of spring mountains, and pedestrians are even outside. ) Li Bai's Midnight Wu Ge (a bright moon hangs high in the capital, and ten thousand washing hammers knock. The autumn wind blew Yi Dao's voice, and every household remembered the people guarding the border. Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! ? )
4. Miscellaneous feelings of life