Ancient prose: Ancient prose can be roughly divided into verse, parallel prose and prose, including historical biography.
Rhyme, that is, rhyming style, includes poems, words, fu and inscriptions. Prose, including historical biographies, argumentative essays, essays, practical essays, etc. Parallel prose is a style between poetry and prose. Please choose the main points below to explain it.
1, ancient poetry, modern poetry
People in the Tang Dynasty called metrical poems and quatrains popular in the Tang Dynasty modern poems, while poems with loose metrical and free form before the Tang Dynasty were called ancient poems. Now it is generally called modern poetry, and others are collectively called ancient poetry. Ancient poems include four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words. The Book of Songs and Yuefu also belong to ancient poems. Modern poetry is divided into four parts: one or two sentences as the head couplet, three or four sentences as the parallel couplet, five or six sentences as the neck couplet, seven or eight sentences as the tail couplet, even sentences and even rhymes, and the upper and lower sentences in the middle two couplets should pay attention to antithesis. The metrical requirements of quatrains are basically the same as those of metrical poems, but the antithesis requirements of the upper and lower sentences are not very strict.
2. Ci, Fu and Parallel Prose
Ci is Chu Ci, which belongs to poetry. Its long and short sentences are long, the sentence pattern is uneven, the form is free, and the word "Xi" is used more often, which is mainly lyrical and romantic. Qu Yuan's Li Sao is its representative.
Fu, which originated in the late Warring States period, is a style between poetry and prose. Generally speaking, its rhyme is neat and prose sentences are mixed. The representative figure is Sima Xiangru.
Parallel prose originated in Han and Wei Dynasties and was formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The whole article is basically composed of antithetical sentences, paying attention to the use of allusions and flowery rhetoric. Because most of them use four or six sentences, which is commonly known as "four or six essays", it is also a style between poetry and prose. Zhu He's "Epanggong Fu" in high school is such a style.
3. Words and songs
Ci originated in the Southern Dynasties, formed in the Tang Dynasty and prevailed in the Song Dynasty. It is the development of poetry, so it is called "poetry surplus". It has all kinds of aphorisms, and all kinds of aphorisms have their fixed formats, including the number of words, the number of sentences, the rhyme of flat and even words and so on. Its sentence patterns are different, also called long and short sentences. According to the number of words, it can be divided into long tones (above 9 1 word)
Qu, popular in Yuan Dynasty, is also a poem with music. It includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu is a oratorio, while zaju is a performance. Sanqu can be divided into two categories: poetry and divertimento. Among them, the poem consists of a song, and the divertimento is also called divertimento, which consists of several songs. Zaju has a complete story, and its structure is 40% off (equivalent to four acts) plus one. It consists of theme (action description of characters, stage effect) and lyrics (dialogue of characters, monologues, etc.). ). The roles are Dan (female role), Mei (male role), Jing (painted face), Wai (old man), Ugly (clown) and so on. There are qupai, which stipulate the number of words, sentences and levels.
4. Shi Wenchuan
It belongs to historical prose, including chronological style (such as Zuo Zhuan and Zi Tongzhi Jian), national style (such as Guoyu and Warring States Policy), biographical style (such as Historical Records, Hanshu and Twenty-four History) and chronological style (such as Hanshu and Houhanshu).
5. About the text
Ancient argumentative essays developed from the quotations of various schools, and formed several kinds in the process of development: "on" discussing things; "Say" and "tell the truth".
6. Miscellaneous notes
Including scenic spots travel notes, landscape travel notes, calligraphy and painting miscellaneous notes and personnel miscellaneous notes. Miscellaneous notes cover a wide range of articles, including the word "Ji" in some topics, historical anecdotes, anecdotes, scientific materials, textual research and other articles.
7. Practical writing
Including recitation, epitaph, eulogy and gift order.