Tang Yin and Xu Wei

The realism of China's paintings reached its peak in the12nd century, and then gradually turned to pen and ink games. In the early Ming Dynasty, painters who advocated painting style were all over the court and the people, but their paintings were limited to imitating the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and their achievements were not outstanding. In the middle period, literati painting was revived in Suzhou, and in the later period, literati painting began to show its spirit. They enjoy painting and express their feelings, showing a strong self-style in their works, regardless of the authenticity of nature. Among them, Tang Yin and Xu Wei are the representatives. & gt& gt Tang Yin, the word Bohu, is from Gusu. Born in the sixth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1470), his name was Tang Yin, also known as Boss. He was born in a merchant family. Although his father, Tang Guangde, had read a lot of poetry books, due to the decline of his family, he finally opened a small hotel in Gao Qiao, Qufang Wu, Gusu. At that time, Wen Zhiming's father Lin Wen happened to go to his hotel for a drink. Seeing that Tang Yin was clever, he asked Tang Yin to learn from Shen Zhou, the founder of Wu Pai. Later, Tang Yin was an outstanding representative of "Wu Pai", and his paintings were as famous as Shen Zhou and, and were collectively called "Ming Sijia". He also exchanged poems with Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming, Xu Zhenqing, etc., and became famous in Wuzhong, and was called "four gifted scholars in Wuzhong" by later generations. & gt& gt Because Tang Yin lives in Taohuawu, north of Suzhou, he claimed to be the owner of Taohuawu, and once wrote the Song of Taohuawu, comparing himself with the flower-picking fairy, boasting his unruly personality and calling himself "the first romantic talent in the south of the Yangtze River". At the age of 29, after having obtained the provincial examination, he came first, so the world also called him Tang Jieyuan. However, he failed to become famous because he was involved in an exam fraud case. In this regard, Tang Yin felt that his career was hopeless, so he simply traveled to famous mountains and rivers and decided to spend the rest of his life in painting and calligraphy. Zheng Dejiu (15 14) was recruited to Nanchang by Wang Ning, the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty, with a large sum of money, but Wang Ning soon failed in the political rebellion. Tang Yin didn't get involved, so he had to play the fool and get away and go back to his hometown. He died in Jiajing for three years (1524) and was buried in Taohuawu North. & gt& gt Tang Yin is an outstanding painter and writer in Chinese history. Among the painters of past dynasties in China, only Tang Yin was known to all women and children. Legends such as "Tang Bohu ignites Chou-heung" and "San Xiao" are widely circulated among the people. His poems, books and paintings are also called "three musts". In painting, Tang Yin is good at landscapes and figures, especially at ladies. His painting style is neat and beautiful, full of personality without losing grace, and he is called "Tang painting" by later generations. His calligraphy is Zhao Meng, his handwriting is elegant and beautiful, and he is also very kung fu. He is also proficient in melody and poetry. Such a generalist is rare among ancient China literati. & gt& gt Tang Yin learned from Shen Zhou, the founder of Wu Pai, in his early years, and then from Zhou Chen. Shen Zhou and Zhou Chen were both famous painters in Suzhou at that time. Shen took Yuan painting as his ancestor and Zhou took the Southern Song Dynasty's college painting as his teacher, which were different artistic pursuits of the two major painting schools in the Ming Dynasty. Although Tang Yin studied under two teachers, he became a master and was also good at it. In the Southern Song Dynasty, he combined the brushwork of Yuan people, and made rapid progress at one time, surpassing his own teacher. & gt& gt Xu Wei, a native of Wen Qing, was born in Yinshan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and his ancestral home was Tianchi Mountain. There are many nicknames, such as Tian Danshui, Tianchisheng, Tianchi Fishing Hidden, Ivy League Old Man, Jin Lei Jin Huishan, Yinshan Buyi, Baiyinshan, Abby Lake Shannong and so on. Become an Ivy League Taoist in his later years. The nicknames of his residence are Yizhitang, Persimmon Tang Ye and Qingteng Bookstore. Born in the 16th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (152 1), he died in the 21st year of Ming Shenzong (1593). & gt& gt Xu Wei indulges and leads a rough life. When I was a teenager, I took eight provincial exams and failed, so I stopped thinking about my career. In middle age, Hu Zongxian, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War, took a fancy to him. In the 30th year of Jiajing (1558), he served as an aide to the Governor of Zhejiang and Fujian. Xu Wei also made great contributions to the military, politics and economy at that time, and actively participated in the anti-Japanese struggle in the southeast coast. He enthusiastically praised the anti-Japanese patriotic heroes with his poems, and once drafted White Deer Original Table for Hu Zongxian, which won the appreciation of Ming Shizong. Unfortunately, Hu Zongxian was later arrested and committed suicide for impeaching Yan Song's colleagues. Xu Wei was deeply hit, once insane, attempted suicide several times, killed his second wife by mistake, and was arrested and imprisoned. Later, Zhang Yuantuan was rescued from prison by Ming Hanlin. At this time, he was 53 years old. After experiencing many troubles, he began to understand life and concentrate on artistic creation. Many of his important paintings were born in this period. At the same time, he is also a great writer. His poems are unique and unconventional, with a complete collection of poems. His zaju "Four Sounds Apes" was well received by composers such as Tang Xianzu and Kei Ma. There is also a drama "Narration of Nanci", which is quite beyond the previous views and breaks the stereotype. He also wrote "Records of Huiji County", advocating political and economic reforms in many places at that time in the Ming Dynasty. Xu Wei is also good at calligraphy, and his calligraphy effect is similar to that of Fei. He had a rough life and often "wandered alone under the hungry moon". This outstanding artist finally ended his life in the situation of "a few ramshackle houses, a southern accent and a northern accent". & gt& gt Xu Wei thinks that his calligraphy is the first, poetry is the second, articles are the third, and painting is only the last section. But his paintings are still the most praised by later generations. Xu Wei began to learn painting in middle age and was good at painting flowers and birds. He also has high attainments in landscapes, figures and ink painting, and his painting style is unrestrained. Especially good at ink and wash freehand brushwork flowers. The broken chrysanthemums, pots and pans in his works are simple and elegant, with unique charm. At present, there are peony, crape myrtle, grape, plantain, plum narcissus, bamboo and so on 13 in the miscellaneous garden collected by Nanjing Museum. Affection, follow one's inclinations, and exert one's artistic skill to the extreme. It has reached the artistic realm of "there is a law in the impossible" and "chaos without chaos". Showing the painter's profound skill. Today, 400 years later, it still gives people a vivid and pleasing feeling. The mountains and rivers he painted, regardless of rope and ink, are particularly vivid. It has a great influence on the painting styles of Zhu Da, Yuan Zhen and Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics. The momentum has not diminished for hundreds of years. Moreover, Xu Wei often inscribes poems and sentences in his paintings, using the topic to express his indignation at the world. Show a fierce political tendency. For example, his book title "Crab Map" said: "The crab fat in Jiangcun is cooked with rice, and its claws are as green as halberds. When you turn over the paper, you should see the navel. " This is hatred and contempt for Yan Song, a group of powerful people. Xu Wei's painting style and attitude towards life have far-reaching influence on later generations. Qi Baishi, a master of modern art, once lamented: "I wish I could not have been born 300 years ago, grinding ink for the green vine." This is enough to show the far-reaching influence of Xu Wei's paintings on later generations.