Artistic creation is a unique and complicated spiritual practice of human beings.
Artistic creation means that artists use artistic language and skills to transform their thoughts and feelings in social life into concrete, vivid and sensible artistic images, and express their aesthetic consciousness and life experience as works of art by material means.
The process of artistic creation is complicated. Different artists, different kinds of art and different creative methods make the process of artistic creation present complex and diverse forms of expression, but it can be roughly divided into three stages: artistic experience life, artistic conception and artistic exchange. The results of these three stages are: aesthetic representation, aesthetic image and artistic image.
Section 1 The Artistic Experience of Life
The artistic experience of life is an artist's personal feeling full of emotion when he is touched by the concrete image in life.
The artistic experience of life begins with the contact between human senses and objective life, and ends with the germination of creative desire and the formation of aesthetic representation.
First, the position of artistic experience in artistic creation.
The artistic experience of life is the preparatory stage of artistic creation.
The artist's artistic experience of life can be conscious or unconscious; It may or may not have a clear purpose; It can be a long time or a short time.
Second, the role of artistic experience in artistic creation.
(A), the artistic experience of life is the basis of artistic creation.
There is an intermediate link between art and social life, that is, artists' artistic experience of social life.
Art can only express the social life experienced by artists. Deep life experience and rich experience accumulation are the premise and foundation of artistic creation.
Russian writer Guncharov said: "I can only write what I have experienced, what I think and feel, what I love, what I clearly see and know." In short, I write about my own life and the time I often spend with it. "
(2) The artistic experience of life triggers the desire for artistic creation.
When an artist has accumulated rich artistic experience in life and is moved by the images in life, it will inevitably lead to sublimation and leap, asking to convey it to others, not to spit. This is the psychological motivation of artistic creation desire.
Regarding bamboo painting, Zheng Banqiao said that "meaning comes first", which means conception, image, interest and so on. "Pen" refers to pen, brushwork and pen and ink, which summarizes the two stages of artistic creation. The "meaning" mentioned here exists not only in the artistic conception stage, but also in the artistic experience stage. The "bamboo in the eye" contained in the artist's "meaning" is called aesthetic reproduction. Zheng Banqiao's "Bamboo in the Chest" is an aesthetic image produced by artists who transform the real bamboo image with their own thoughts and feelings.
Third, the characteristics of life art experience.
(A), artistic experience is the experience of the image.
Politicians, economists and scientists should start with images to understand the essence and laws of society, but once they grasp them, they abandon them.
In experiencing life, artists must always grasp the specific image of objective things with keen observation, and understand and be familiar with the characteristics and details of the image of things to meet the special requirements of artistic creation.
Flaubert said, "Pay attention to what you want to show for a long time, so that you can find features that others have not found or written." Everything has a place that has never been discovered, because when people observe things with their eyes, they are only used to recalling the thoughts of their predecessors. The smallest thing will be a little unknown, let's explore it. "
(2) Artistic experience is an emotional experience.
Scientists' experience and understanding of life is purely objective and rational, and it is an unemotional exploration of truth.
However, the artist's experience of life is an emotional experience with subjective consciousness.
Lips, a German aesthetician, put forward the theory of empathy, which revealed the artist's emotional experience of life.
First of all, it's me and things. Artists "project" or "move" their subjective feelings to objective things, so that inanimate and emotionless things have life and emotion;
Second, by things and me. Since foreign objects have life and emotion, they will in turn affect the emotion of the artist's subject;
Third, forget things and achieve the same thing. The artist thinks that foreign things have the same feelings as himself, so he thinks that I am that thing and that thing is me.
An artist has never been a calm and purely rational bystander in life. He put all his emotions, ideals, personality and all his heart into life, making him deeply feel that life is himself and that he is life. This is the main feature of the artist's experience of life.
(3) Artistic experience is a kind of beautiful experience.
Sensitivity to the beauty of life is a unique ability for artists to observe and feel.
Above, we expounded the position, function and characteristics of artistic life experience in artistic creation. Without artistic experience of life, there is no artistic creation.
However, direct observation and experience of life does not exclude indirect experience. Artistic creation needs indirect experience;
First of all, the theme of history can only be expressed through indirect experience.
Secondly, due to the limitation of artists' life experience, indirect experience is a supplement to direct experience.
Section 2 Artistic Conception
When an artist has experienced life, he will sprout the desire for artistic creation. In other words, artists want to convey their thoughts and feelings in life to others. At this time, the stage of artistic conception began.
First, the position and role of artistic conception in artistic creation.
Artistic conception is a complex spiritual activity. It is the artist's choice, refinement, processing, transformation and fiction of life phenomena on the basis of experiencing the art of life, so as to express his thoughts and feelings and form aesthetic images.
Artistic conception begins with the germination of creative desire and ends with the completion of aesthetic image.
Artistic conception is the central link of artistic creation. Only through artistic conception can the artist's artistic experience of life be transformed into works of art.
The function of artistic conception is to produce aesthetic images in the artist's mind. The appearance of aesthetic image marks the completion of artistic conception.
Second, the characteristics of aesthetic images.
(A), the aesthetic image is the internal image of the unity of subjective and objective.
The meaning in "image" refers to subjective feelings, and "image" refers to objective objects. "Image" is the fusion of image and emotion.
The so-called "aesthetic image" is that this "image" not only embodies the aesthetic consciousness of the subject, but also embodies the aesthetic characteristics of the object, which is the unity of the two.
The so-called "introspection" refers to the visual image that exists in the artist's mind and is not presented to the audience by material means.
The first thing to consider in artistic conception is "image", that is, what kind of social life it represents, that is, the theme of works of art we often say. Artists should choose a corner from the colorful objective life to condense and concentrate it in order to attract people's attention and feelings. Without choice and concentration, it is impossible to determine the object to be expressed by art.
The key to artistic conception is to consider what kind of "meaning" the "image" expresses and what kind of thoughts and feelings it expresses, that is, the theme of works of art we often say.
The relationship between "meaning" and "image" is that "image" expresses "meaning" and "meaning" commands "image". There is an image in the meaning, and there is intention in the image.
(2) Aesthetic image is the internal visual image of the unity of sex and personality.
The so-called inner video of the unity of sex and personality is a typical inner video, which is conceived by artists through typical methods.
The so-called typicality is the creative method of typical inner video, that is, the process in which the artist selects, refines, condenses and summarizes the living materials and creates a typical inner video.
Typicality is the key to artistic conception. Include two aspects:
* * * sexualization: selecting, refining, processing and transforming individual, scattered and accidental things in life to make them representative and universal, thus revealing some essential aspects of life.
Personalization: the unique personality characteristics of the object are clearly and prominently displayed.
* * * sexualization does not exclude individuality, * * * sexualization is not divorced from individuality, and * * * sexualization lies in individuality.
For example, when a painter paints a pine tree, he must observe thousands of pine trees. The final aesthetic image is not a pine tree with all personality characteristics, but a pine tree with different styles.
Specific methods:
First, the comprehensive method. This is an aesthetic image summarized by various life prototypes, which Lu Xun summarized as the method of "taking all kinds of people and synthesizing one person".
Second, the prototype method. It is an aesthetic image created by taking a model as its main task and properly absorbing other materials.
(3) Aesthetic image is the internal visual image of the unity of certainty and uncertainty.
Aesthetic image is a concrete, vivid and definite image in the artist's mind. Although the aesthetic image has a certain side, it also has an uncertain side.
First of all, the aesthetic image is vague. In the process of conception, artists always feel that aesthetic images are clearly visible in their hearts and can come out at any time, thus generating a strong creative impulse. However, when the artist conveys this inner video, he always feels that some details are vague and need to be supplemented.
Secondly, the aesthetic image is changeable. Lu Xun said: "It is impossible to rest when writing novels. After a night, the creator may have a different temper. "
Section 3 Art Exchange
First, the position and role of art communication in artistic creation.
Artistic communication is the continuation of artistic conception and the completion of artistic creation.
The so-called artistic communication means that artists express artistic concepts into works of art with the help of material materials and turn aesthetic images into artistic images with the help of artistic language and skills.
Artistic works and artistic images are the final result of artistic communication and the material embodiment of spiritual labor in artistic creation.
The connection between artistic image and aesthetic image: aesthetic image is the artistic image in the heart, and artistic image is the materialized aesthetic image.
The difference between artistic image and aesthetic image;
First, aesthetic image is an internal phenomenon that others can't perceive, while artistic image is a materialized image that others can perceive.
Secondly, aesthetic images are uncertain, vague and transient, while artistic images are mostly deterministic, distinctive and persistent.
Second, the general law of art communication.
(1) Artistic skills are the means of artistic communication.
The so-called artistic skill is to master the special ability of material media to express aesthetic images, also known as artistic skill.
Technology is different from art technology, which produces material products and spiritual products; Technology produces the same product, and art produces highly personalized products; Technology can be separated from aesthetic appearance, and art and technology can realize aesthetic appearance.
What is the relationship between art and artistic skills? There are two kinds of one-sided opinions:
First of all, art is an artistic skill. They think that painting is the perspective of proportion, music is the rhythm of melody, and poetry is the rhyme of antithesis. "As long as they know the laws of artistic creation, they can follow the trend to create works of art at will." But this product created only by technology is not a work of art.
The essential difference between a painter, a painter and a painter is that the former only has artistic skills, so it can only imitate and cannot create artistic works; A painter must not only have artistic skills, but also have qualities that some painters and painters do not have, in order to create artistic works.
Second, art doesn't need art skills at all. Croce thinks that art is intuition in the heart. Leonardo da vinci is an artist, not because he wrote The Last Supper, but because he thought of The Last Supper in his mind. Leonardo only needed his skills to paint the image in his heart on the canvas. Artistic skills are unnecessary to art.
But since art is the intuition in the heart, and the intuition in the heart belongs to everyone, therefore, everyone is an artist. All serious theorists and artists have fully estimated the important role of art technology in artistic creation.
We believe that art can't be attributed to artistic skills, but art can't be separated from artistic skills, and artistic skills are the means of artistic communication. It is not easy to acquire artistic skills. "It depends entirely on thinking, diligence and practice."
(2) Artistic communication is accompanied by emotional communication.
The artist's transformation of aesthetic images into artistic images is by no means a purely rational activity, but is accompanied by strong emotions. It can be said that there is no artistic communication without emotion.
Third, the relationship between artistic exchange, artistic experience and artistic conception.
(1) The three stages of artistic creation are not isolated from each other, but permeated with each other.
First, the artistic experience of life runs through the whole process of artistic creation. The artistic experience of life is the basis of artistic creation, but it is not completed at one time, and it is still interspersed with artistic experience in the stages of artistic conception and artistic communication.
Secondly, artistic conception and artistic communication are also interpenetrating, and they often need to be re-conceived in the process of artistic communication.
Finally, the artistic experience stage also includes artistic conception and artistic exchange factors.
(2) The three stages of artistic creation are accompanied by emotional activities, and emotion is the central clue that runs through the whole process of artistic creation.
Artistic experience is emotional experience. Without emotional experience, there will be no impulse to create art and enter the artistic conception stage.
The aesthetic image produced in the artistic conception stage is an internal visual image containing emotion, and it is impossible to produce aesthetic image without emotion.
The stage of artistic communication is also a creative activity accompanied by emotion.
In short, there is no artistic creation without emotion.