After two years in Germany, I just went out from Beijing Jinguangmen and returned to Fengxiang. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, I picked things up from the left and moved to Huazhou to bid farewell to my relatives and friends. Because out of this door, I have a sad past. Created by Du Fu, he was selected into 300 Tang poems. In the second year of Zhide (757), the author went out from Jinguangmen, went to Suzong, Fengxiang, and left to pick up ears. In October, he returned to Chang 'an with Suzong. The following year ── the first year of Gan Yuan (758), he was demoted to join the army as a company official of Huazhou, and walked out of the Golden Gate with emotion. However, the author wrote in the poem, "But the emperor sent me away again?" I dare not blame you, I can only blame myself with "useless and old, I bridle my horse". I can't bear to go to Jun, but I miss my previous job. Look carefully. The poet was demoted to join the army in Huazhou, and was expelled from Jinguangmen because he was defeated in defending the Prime Minister. Looking back, I am filled with emotion. Although the last four sentences are implicitly written, they are actually complaining about Mr. Su. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry in Station.
original text
After two years in Germany, I just went out from Beijing Jinguangmen and returned to Fengxiang. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, I picked things up from the left and moved to Huazhou to bid farewell to my relatives and friends. I have a sad past because of this door.
Author: Du Fu
This year, from Jinmen Road to Fengxiang and the western suburbs of Chang 'an, there is a history that rebels are in chaos.
Until now, when I think about it, I am still worried. Some people are not attracted back and are still afraid of honesty.
I respect the left side, return to the capital and the capital area, and demote my state Yuan, which will be done by Supreme.
Forget it, my mediocrity is getting old day by day, bid farewell to Chang 'an and look back at the cornices of Qiangong!
To annotate ...
This road: refers to the Golden Gate. Road: Road.
Yesterday's submission: When I went to Xiangxiang in the second year of Zhide, the Hu riding in the west of Chang 'an was very chaotic. Surrender: refers to Tang Suzong in Fengxiang.
Hu: It refers to An Lushan's army.
Heartbreak: loss of confidence.
Unsummoned soul: a lost soul that has not been summoned back.
Jin: an official who served the emperor, referring to the author's Zuo Ji.
Transfer: Transfer refers to joining the army as a Huazhou division.
Supreme: it is the will of the emperor.
No talent: no talent.
Jingyi: refers to Huazhou, located in Jixian County, not far from the capital Chang 'an.
Transferred official sentence: This refers to Helan's advance to the Ming Dynasty, but it actually contains some complaints about Su Zong. Supreme: the will of the emperor.
Qianmen: Originally referred to as the palace gate, it was borrowed from the palace.
Rhyme translation
In those days, we went to Fengxiang and the western suburbs of Chang 'an by the way of Golden Gate, and the Anshi Rebellion caused chaos everywhere.
Until now, it's still scary to think about it. Some people are still afraid of not being recruited.
I went back to Beijing and banished me to Huazhou. Is this from the highest will?
Forget it, I am a mediocre person who is getting old day by day. Say goodbye to Chang 'an and look back at the cornices of Thousand Palace in Malaysia!
translate
I walked through this door when I escaped from Chang 'an, which was occupied by rebels. At that time, there were many enemies stationed in the western suburbs, and exchanges were very frequent. It is really dangerous. I still feel scared when I think about it now. I was even more scared then. It seems that there are still souls that have not been recruited. Since I became Zuo Shiyi's official, I have returned to Beijing with Luan. Now that you have been placed as an official, where is the sacred heart! Because I don't live up to expectations and have no talent, I am old. But I still don't want to leave. I'm looking back at thousands of families in the imperial city.
Comment and analysis
During the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. A few months later, he mixed out of the city from Jinguangmen, the west gate of Chang 'an, and fled to Fengxiang to see Tang Suzong, who was appointed as the left gleaner. After recovering in Chang 'an, he returned to Beijing with the emperor. Later, he was demoted to join the army as the secretariat of Huazhou because he was offended by saving a friend's house management, and just left the city from Jinguangmen. The author wrote this poem with great sadness and sorrow.
The first couplet deducts the topic, starting with "sad past", telling the danger of escaping from the tiger's mouth in the past. "Hu" has two meanings: first, it means that the Anshi rebellion is powerful and the court is in jeopardy; Second, there are many enemies outside Ximen, and they have frequent contacts. It is really difficult to escape, which can better show the poet's infinite loyalty to the court.
The antithetical couplet "up to now" turns dark, further expressing the critical situation when fleeing home in those years, stretching its former meaning and turning dark behind, chasing the past and hurting the present, and feeling graceful and restrained. The composition has the effect of golden lily darkening. Pu Qilong's "Reading Interpretation" comments on the cloud: "The title says' sorrow is the past dust', but poetry laments the present. The beauty lies in three or four sentences, but in terms of' so far', you can directly move it. " That's what I'm saying. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry in Station.
The necklace couplet was translated into sadness, but it was despised by the outside world because the emperor was unkind and ungrateful, and the emperor himself alienated him. But the poet said, "But the emperor sent me away again" and never blamed the emperor, so it became a beautiful talk of Du Fu's loyalty. Du Zhu in Yuan Dynasty commented: "The beauty of children is the heart of the royal family and comes from nature. So, I was caught a thief and risked my life to go back to Korea. As a squire, although I was slandered, I can't forget you. " However, if we understand it carefully, Du Fu still contains resentment in these two sentences, just graceful words.
In self-injury and self-sighing, William expressed his attachment to the imperial court. Complex and deep feelings are really a great festival for the origin of Shigong's life, which is "turning around and Shen Feng's heart is broken". Consciously lonely minister to go to the country, wandering around the skull, sad and moving "(Wu Zhantai's" Du's Topics "Volume 7). The evaluation of the whole poem is fair and to the point: "The first half of the sentence is meaningful. Pulling a thief home, loyalty can be recorded; Sitting on the cross section of the party, I will not be a gentleman, but you will be a conceited minister. In the second half, he moved to Beijing, but blamed himself for his lack of talent; Far from the supreme, I can't bear to expect it. Stand firm and honest, quite wise "("Du Shi Shuo "Volume 12)
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was named Ye Lao of Shaoling, alias: Ye Lao of Ling Du, Buyi nationality of Ling Du, Han nationality, originally from Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei), and generally thought to have been born in Gongxian (now Gongyi, Henan). A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Representative works include Three Officials (Xin 'an Official, Shi Haoguan, Tongguan Official) and Three Farewells (Newly Married, Resigned, Homeless). Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. He wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite, so he was called "poet saint" by later gods.
Du Fu was a great realistic poet and world cultural celebrity in Tang Dynasty. Experienced the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du". Du Fu and Du Mu are distant relatives, both descendants of Du Yu, the general who destroyed Sun Wu in Jin Dynasty (Du Fu was Du Yu's twentieth grandson). Du Fu's middle-aged poems are called "the history of poetry" because of his gloomy poetic style and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Although Du Fu was not known to the world at that time, his works had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature through the research of later generations. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his collection is Du Gongbu. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "epics". For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry in Station.
Du Fu's poems are good at classical style and rhythmic poetry, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflect the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time, so they are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems were the most widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty, and he was one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Jin Shengtan, a literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty, called Du Fu's poems, Qu Yuan's Lisao, Zhuang Zhou's Zhuangzi, Sima Qian's Historical Records, Shi Naian's Water Margin and Wang Shifu's The West Chamber "the Book of Six Talents". In contemporary times, Du Fu's loyalty to the country and concern for the people are reinterpreted as nationalism and socialism, and he himself is appreciated by modern researchers for using the "people's language".
Du Fu is famous not only in China, but also overseas. 148 1 year, South Korea translated Du Fu's poems into Korean, which is called Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems and Proverbs. His influence on Japanese literature was relatively late. Until17th century, his reputation in Japan was the same as that in China. Du Fu's influence on Matsuo Bashō is particularly profound. Du Fu is also the favorite writer of American writer Kenneth Rexroth.
Chinese-English translation
Zhide just came out of Beijing Jinguangmen in the second year and asked to return to Fengxiang. In the early Yuan Dynasty, it was picked up from the left and moved to Huazhou. Say goodbye to relatives and friends, because I am out of this door. Have a sad past.
Du Fu
This year, from Jinmen Road to Fengxiang and the western suburbs of Chang 'an, there is a history that rebels are in chaos.
Until now, when I think about it, I am still worried. Some people are not attracted back and are still afraid of honesty.
I respect the left side, return to the capital and the capital area, and demote my state Yuan, which will be done by Supreme.
Forget it, my mediocrity is getting old day by day, bid farewell to Chang 'an and look back at the cornices of Qiangong!
Say goodbye to friends on the way to Iowa
Du Fu
In the second year of Zhide, I fled the capital from Jinguangmen and went to Fengxiang. In the first year of Ganyuan, I was appointed as the secretariat of Huazhou from my original position of suggestion. Friends and relatives gathered together and saw me leave through the same door. I wrote this poem.
This is my escape route,
When the rebels reached the western end of the city;
Since then, fear has caught my heart.
Lest some of my souls never come back.
... now the court is back, filling the capital;
But the emperor sent me away again.
Useless and old, I control my horse.
Take a last look at a thousand doors.