The role of scenery writing in poetry can be considered from three aspects: the role of expressing characters, the role of expressing feelings and the role of structure. Specifically, its functions mainly include rendering and contrast, borrowing scenery to express feelings, rising, transition, bonding with scenery, pointing out seasons and places, etc.
(1) Lyric by scenery.
Lyricism through scenery is a lyric way in poetry, that is, lyric through scenery description. It is different from contrast: contrast is a way to express characters by describing the environment; Lyricism by borrowing things is a kind of lyrical way, which means that poets do not express their feelings directly when creating, but express their feelings through scenery. Look at the following two poems:
An autumn night in the mountains
Wang Wei
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Mountains is a landscape poem with scenery as its main theme. With the help of vision, hearing, passivity and tranquility, the poem shows the fresh, quiet and natural scenery in the mountains in autumn night, thus showing the poet's love for mountain life and inner peace and tranquility. It is a typical lyric poem with scenery.
(2) Rise.
Rise, also known as "xing". Zhu said: "If you are interested, say something else first, and bring up the words you are chanting." . To put it simply, the function of "Xing" is to "lead" and lead out what you want to express with other things. Because it acts as an introduction, it often begins with a poem or a paragraph (if it is a long poem). The description of scenery in poetry also has the function of "xing", such as Su Shi's Dongpo Ci:
The rain washed Dongpo, the moonlight was clear, and the city people walked like savages.
Don't be too sure about the slope, but love the sound of your stick.
The first sentence, "Rain washes Dongpo and the moonlight is clear", describes a clean and quiet picture of Dongpo under the moon after the rain. It is this beautiful scenery that makes poets who call themselves "savages" come out after "pedestrians". That is to say, the scenery description of "the rain washes the east slope and the moonlight is clear" leads to the description of the poet's behavior in the sentence "People walk like savages", so that the scenery description in the first sentence has a shocking effect.
(3) transition.
Before talking about the transitional role of scenery description in poetry, we must first understand that just as our feelings will change because of the change of environment, in poetry, the feelings of poets may also change because of the influence of the immediate scenery. In other words, the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poet in his poems may be simple, or they may turn from joy to sorrow and from sadness to joy. If the poet's emotion changes in a poem, the scene in front of him may be the reason for his emotional change. In this way, the description of scenery between emotional changes in poetry may have a transitional role. For example, the following poem.
After the topic of a fight, choose ① Wei Zhaung.
As far as I can see, Qingchuan is painting a screen, successfully connecting it from Taosai to Pucheng. The heron on the beach stood in the clear waves, and its original owner invaded and plowed.
Go to the geese and count the lines in the sky. Lonely clouds are made out of nothing. Feng Xuan will never look back, and Wu Shan is infinite.
(4) knot feelings with scenery.
It is a way of ending a poem with scenery, which means that in the process of discussion or lyricism, the poem suddenly turns to writing scenery and ends the whole poem with scenery instead of emotion. By using this technique, readers can gallop their imagination in the description of scenery, appreciate the artistic conception of poetry, make poetry have infinite charm, and produce artistic effects of "endless words and endless meanings" and "ruthlessness is better than emotion at this time"
For example, Wang Changling's "Join the Army":
The new sound of pipa dance is always the old love.
I can't listen to endless worries, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.
The first three sentences of the poem are all lyrical, and the word "endless" is used when it comes to "border sorrow". So how can the ending sentence express "endless" sadness in a limited number of seven words? However, in the last sentence, the poet uses a gentle brushwork to solve his feelings with the scene. After the scene of buying wine and drinking music in the army, there suddenly appeared a vast and desolate scene of the bright moon shining on the Great Wall: the ancient and majestic Great Wall was undulating, the autumn moon was shining high, and the scene was magnificent and sad. How do you feel about this? Is it infinite homesickness? Is it an ambition to make meritorious deeds or a sorrow for reality? Give readers rich imagination.
(5) Call the roll by describing the scenery, such as season, place or weather conditions.
Poetry emphasizes implicit images, not only in expressing thoughts and feelings, but also in explaining seasons, places, weather conditions, etc., and often uses scenery descriptions to express them instead of directly saying them. For example, Liu Yong's "Rain Bell" begins with "It's cold and sad, the pavilion is late, but the shower begins", which not only describes the sad environment when seeing off, but also explains the season (an evening in autumn), place (pavilion) and weather (the shower begins).