Personal opinion: 1. Han Xin is a military genius. If he is not used properly, it will lead to disaster
2. When Han Xin debuted, Xiao He pursued Han Xin under the moon, not Liu Bang. The talent he had admired from the beginning was forced to go on stage and be awarded the title of general by the general.
3. During the crusade against the remnants of the six kingdoms, he forced Liu Bang to grant him the title of King of Qi, which made him extremely unhappy.
4. During the Battle of Gaixia, Liu Bang was wary, and he seized Han Xin's military power shortly afterwards. .
5. Han Xin is a military genius, but a mediocre person with no moral integrity. Han Xin offended a villain and someone wanted revenge.
6. From the beginning to the end, Liu Bang did not trust Han Xin very much, not the Liu family gang in Tapei County.
Due to various reasons, it was inevitable that Han Xin would be killed. See below for details
From the perspective of the whistleblower phenomenon, the Qin Empire was not a successful empire. Compared with the later Empress Wu of the Tang Dynasty, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, and Kang Yong's era, the Qin Empire's whistleblowing written into the law became childish because no one responded. After the fall of Qin, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, and the informing culture that had been almost suppressed by the people of the Six Kingdoms finally came to life. The founding hero Han Xin became the first victim.
Han Xin is a military genius, but his wisdom in understanding people and dealing with the world is almost equal to that of an idiot. He grew up in a poor family and lost his parents early in life. He was often bullied by gangsters from his hometown. Huaiyin, Jiangsu Province was probably very rich in gangsters at that time, and Han Xin often encountered such people. However, the reason why these gangsters always bully Han Xin has a lot to do with Han Xin himself. He has been familiar with military literature since he was a child. After he learned it, he always felt that he was a general. He often showed off with a wooden sword. This kind of maverick behavior would inevitably make the gangsters curious. First, they thought it was inconsistent with his status, and then they The insult comes as it comes. In this context, Han Xin got into the crotch of a gangster, which later generations called "crotch humiliation".
After Xiang Yu and Liu Bang rose up against Qin, Han Xin followed Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu did not realize that he was a military genius, but just made him the chief of his grain depot. Of course Han Xin thought that he was not doing this, so he ran to Liu Bang.
As a result, Liu Bang didn't like him either. However, Xiao He, Liu Bang's subordinate, discovered that this man was a genius during his discussion with him. In the early days of the Chu-Han War, many of Liu Bang's men fled when they saw that he was always defeated by Xiang Yu. Han Xin also escaped, but was chased back by Xiao He. Liu Bang appointed Han Xin as general at Xiao He's suggestion, and Han Xin officially entered the stage of the Chu-Han War.
Four years later, at the end of 202 BC, Han Xin, who had been named King of Qi, led an army of 300,000 to surround Xiang Yu’s 90,000 troops in Gaixia (southeast of Lingbi, Anhui today). Xiang Yu led only 28 people to break out of the siege and fled to Wujiang River. They were pursued by Han Xin's troops. After reciting a few poems, Xiang Yu swung his sword and killed himself. The Chu-Han War ended with Liu Bang's victory.
The end of the Chu-Han War marked that the world had returned to Liu Bang. However, one country refused to surrender. This country was the State of Lu. The State of Lu did not recognize Liu Bang as the lord of the world and had to fight for Xiang Yu. in the end. Liu Bang sent someone to tell them that Xiang Yu was dead, but they didn't believe it. Finally, Liu Bang had to show them Xiang Yu's head, and the state of Lu laid down its weapons and surrendered to Liu Bang.
During the confrontation with Lu, Liu Bang only brought a few followers. When Han Xin was unprepared, he rushed into his military camp and confiscated all Han Xin's official seals and military symbols. Han Xin suddenly became the polished commander.
This incident can give us two revelations: first, after Liu Bang gained the world, he was very suspicious of the heroes, especially Han Xin; second, although Han Xin could lead troops to fight, he could not He was good at running the army, otherwise Liu Bang would not have been able to enter the military camp so easily. Han Xin was quite poor in the management of the army. The next year, Liu Bang made a great achievement and appointed Han Xing as King of Chu. The reason was that that was your hometown and you were familiar with the local situation, but you did not give him any soldiers.
At this time, Han Xin was a toothless tiger and could only obey Liu Bang's mercy. He only stayed on the throne of Chu for four months when something happened in the court. One day, Liu Bang summoned his ministers, his face was ashen, and he said to them indifferently: "Someone has reported that Han Xin, the king of Chu, is planning to rebel. What should I do?"
Who is this informer? Sima Qian did not tell us. Answer. But judging from various signs, there was indeed such an informer, and it was not Liu Bang who was lying. Han Xin was already a polished commander at this time, and Liu Bang did not need to use deceptive methods to punish him. However, this informer must be familiar with Liu Bang's psychology. Han Xin and Liu Bang were actually at odds with each other. As early as the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang was besieged by Xiang Yu and was eager for Han Xin to rescue him. But Han Xin took advantage of the situation and asked Liu Bang to reward him with the land of Qi he had just captured, and to make him King of Qi. Liu Bang gritted his teeth and asked Han Xin to become the king of Qi. The informant probably learned from this information that Liu Bang was not so friendly to Han Xin. Therefore, even if Han Xin did not want to rebel, Liu Bang would think that Han Xin would rebel due to prejudice. Everyone thought the whistleblower was true and discussed countermeasures. The result of the discussion was that Han Xin could not go, because Han Xin was a genius in fighting, and there was no such genius among Liu Bang's ministers.
Some ministers suggested that since they could not attack by force, they could only outsmart them: "In ancient times, the emperor often traveled to various places for hunting and took this opportunity to meet with the princes from various places.
There is Yunmengze in the south (the land south of Yiyang in Hunan and north of Jiangling in Hubei). You can tour Yunmeng and meet the princes in that area. Han Xin heard that His Majesty has arrived in Yunmeng. According to etiquette, he must come to see His Majesty. Your Majesty If he is not prepared, only one strong man can capture him alive. "
Liu Bang thought that this was indeed a good idea, so he announced to the world that he was going to Yunmengze. He also sent an envoy to tell Han Xin to go to Yunmeng to meet him.
After hearing the news, Han Xin was very hesitant. He didn't know whether he should go or not. According to historical records, Han Xin felt that Liu Bang was coming and thought about what secrets he had. I know, but after thinking about it, I thought of my fellow countryman, Zhong Limei, the general who once followed Xiang Yu.
After Xiang Yu died, Zhong Limei did not accompany Xiang Yu to the underworld, but fled to Chu. When he heard that his good friend Han Xin was the king of Chu, he came to Han Xin for protection. Han Xin agreed without thinking. Liu Bang had issued a wanted order for Zhong Limei, but there was no informant, so there was no news. < /p>
Zhong Limei smiled bitterly, but solemnly reminded Han Xin: "If you arrest me and hand me over to Liu Bang to flatter Liu Bang, then if I die today, you will die soon after. "
Han Xin was very embarrassed at the time. He regretted taking in Zhong Limei. Since Zhong Limei refused to cooperate with him honestly, he had no choice but to kill him. It is said that before Zhong Limei committed suicide, he said to Han Xin: "You really Not a kind person! ”
If this is said in terms of the relationship between the two, it is indeed true; but from the perspective of national interests, Han Xin is indeed a loyal minister.
However, Han Xin wants to Wrong. When he saw Liu Bang with Zhong Limei's head, Liu Bang shouted, and the warrior tied up Han Xin and set off back to the temporary capital Luoyang. When he got on the bus, Han Xin didn't know where the bookishness came from, and he sighed: "It's just like what people say: 'The cunning rabbit dies, and the good dog is cooked; the high bird is gone, but the good bow is hidden; the enemy's country is destroyed, and the counselor is dead. ’ The world has been settled, of course I should be cooked. "
Liu Bang didn't want people to misunderstand that he was such a person. He argued: "You still don't know why I want to arrest you. It's because someone reported that you were going to rebel. "
Han Xin had nothing to say. In short, there is no record in the existing historical materials that Han Xin had an argument at the time. After arriving in Luoyang, Liu Bang thought about it and thought that although Han Xin wanted to rebel, his merits outweighed his faults. So he was demoted to Huaiyin Marquis and asked to go to Huaiyin to reflect. Of course, Han Xin was full of complaints and often complained about his illness. It was not that Liu Bang didn't understand Han Xin's dissatisfaction. So I turned a blind eye to Han Xin's soft confrontation.
But this situation did not last long, and the whistleblower reported Han Xin again.
He seemed to have a very bad fate. He was helpless when he was a child. He was finally made a general by Liu Bang, but he was deprived of military power after only leading the army for four years. Then he was accused of treason again. But this time. Once, the informant left his name, and this person was called Luan Shuo. The brother mentioned by Luan was Han Xin's servant, that is, a retainer. It was possible that he did not comply with Han Xin's wishes in handling some matters, so Han Xin imprisoned this person. , and also claimed to impose severe sanctions on him.
Luan said that during the visit, his brother's situation made him feel helpless. According to the information given to us by historical data, it is known that. When Luan Shuo met with his brother, Han Xin's most trusted retainer told Luan Shuo the news that Han Xin was planning to rebel. Luan Shuo did not hesitate. In order to save his brother, he immediately reported to the court that Han Xin was planning to have an affair with the Marquis of Yangxia. Rebellion. Chen was the founding hero of the Han Dynasty and was appointed as the prime minister of the country in 197 BC. The Han Dynasty stipulated that the prime ministers of the princes and kings were dispatched by the central government. Soon, he claimed to be the acting king. King Xin of Han and King Wan of Yan raised troops from the Zhao Dynasty to rebel. Liu Bang personally led the army to the north to conquer. Empress Lu and Xiao He guarded the capital Chang'an.
One day, Empress Lu hurriedly summoned the prime minister Xiao He and told Luan the informant. After talking with each other, they finally determined that Han Xin must have discussed the rebellion with Chen.
After hearing what Empress Lu said, Xiao He also felt that the situation was serious. After conspiracy, the two decided that Xiao He should go to see Han Xin and lie. The rebels had been put down by Liu Bang, and Chen was dead. The princes and ministers came to the court to congratulate him, and also invited Han Xin to come to the court to congratulate him.
Xiao He went to see Han Xin and explained his purpose. As expected, Han Xin followed Xiao He. Changle Palace.
As you can imagine, Han Xin could not see the emperor when he entered the palace. He only saw a large number of warriors and tied him up. Empress Lu was not as kind as Liu Bang and did not even ask. So he killed him.
Before his death, Han Xin did not say whether he wanted to rebel. Sima Qian believed that Han Xin had indeed discussed rebellion with Chen: "Chen worshiped as Julu Shou and resigned as Marquis of Huaiyin. , the Marquis of Huaiyin took his hand, walked with him to the left and right in the court, looked up to the sky and sighed, "Can I talk to you?" I want to talk to my son. ’ He said: ‘Only if the general orders it. ’ The Marquis of Huaiyin said: ‘The residence of the Duke is the place where the best soldiers in the world are located; and the Duke is the trusted and honored minister of Your Majesty.
Your Majesty will not believe it when people say that the Duke is rebellious; when it comes again, your Majesty will be suspicious; when it comes three times, you will be angry and take control. From the moment I become a public servant, the world can be mapped. ’ Chen Su knew what he was capable of and believed in it, saying, ‘I sincerely accept my teaching! ’ In the tenth year of the Han Dynasty, Chen Guo rebelled. When the superior went to the general, he believed that the disease would not follow, and Yin sent people to the place, saying: "The first time you raise your troops, I will help you from now on." ’ Xin Nai conspired with his retainers at night to issue an edict to pardon the officials and slaves, intending to attack Empress Lu and the prince. Deployment is scheduled. His family offended Xin, Xin imprisoned him, and wanted to kill him. The brother who gave up the family changed his mind and wanted to report to Empress Lu. "
After Han Xin was killed, Liu Bang returned to Luoyang. After hearing the news, he was happy and sighed. As for whether Han Xin really wanted to rebel, Liu Bang did not ask. So, "Han Xin was killed for rebelling". It has become one of the major mysteries in history. The two informers have also become the people who have been kept secret in history.
Many people expressed regret over Han Xin's death. Some people think that when he was in office as King of Qi, By strength, he could be three points equal to Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. If he did not rebel at that time, the commander-in-chief of the King of Chu and the Marquis of Huaiyin would have no soldiers, and the "rebellion" would really be playing with fire.
It is said that most of the founding heroes did not end well. If it is not a rule, it is also a common phenomenon. In the early years of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang worked hard for the rebel princes and kings in various places. Although Han Xin had no evidence of rebellion, he had the strength to rebel. This cannot help but make Liu Bang worry. Moreover, Han Xin's blackmailing of Liu Bang could not make Liu Bang happy. Therefore, Han Xin's subsequent death was inevitable, but not necessary.
< p> If the first person's whistleblower was Liu Bang, then the second whistleblower had a name and well-documented evidence. Liu Bang was working hard on the front line and had no time or energy to find an whistleblower. Han Xin.Therefore, if Han Xin really wanted to rebel, then the informer would destroy him; if he did not think about rebellion, then it would be Liu Bang who would use the informer to destroy him.
< p> In the early years of the Han Dynasty, the role that the informer could play was probably limited to this. At least during that time, Liu Bang was busy killing the princes and confronting the Xiongnu. The whistleblower system was immediately inherited. However, the whistleblower system of the Qin Dynasty obviously gave him various inspirations. Smart people can often use whistleblowers to achieve their own goals.But this cannot be said to be Liu Bang. The aboveboard emperor was just because the political system of the early Han Dynasty was the coexistence of prefectures, counties and feudal states, and the centralized power system had not been strengthened to the point where the emperor alone was required to handle national affairs. Therefore, Liu Bang did not need informers in the large-scale governance of the country.
When the autocratic system develops to a certain extent, it is natural that the emperor likes informers.