2. Understand the metaphorical meaning of the word in the text.
3. Understand the explanatory structure of the full text and accurately and clearly grasp what kind of "words" exist in nature.
4. Master the interpretation methods and their functions adopted in this paper.
Show key points and difficulties:
1, clarify the order of the text, understand the explanation organization, and train students to quickly screen information and summarize the content? Key point.
2. Learn the accurate, rigorous, vivid and beautiful language of this article and experience the vividness of the explanation.
3. Make clear the explanation order of the four factors that determine the coming of phenology, and explore the benefits of this arrangement.
4. Summarize the significance of phenology to agricultural production, select suggestive words and make a comprehensive summary.
First, the basic knowledge:
1, word accumulation: (pay attention to the underlined words)
Weeds (shuāi) and forsythia suspensa (Qi ao) disappeared at latitude (wěi) (xiāo).
Hemp fiber (suū) hinders (náo) taboo (Huū) silence (qi o).
2. Enter the author:
Zhu Kezhen (1890- 1974), a native of Shangyu, Zhejiang Province, was an accomplished scientist, educator, meteorologist and geographer in the 20th century, and was known as a "great man of character and knowledge". He is the author of Time and Place of the Origin of Twenty-eight Hostels, Preliminary Study on Climate Change in China in Five Thousand Years, Phenology, etc.
Second, the overall perception:
1, students read the text twice, and then filter the information quickly and accurately according to the requirements to grasp the meaning of the text as a whole.
(1) What is phenology? What is phenology?
(2) What is the significance of phenological observation to agriculture?
(3) What are the factors that determine the coming of phenology?
(4) What is the significance of studying phenology?
Clear:
(1) Natural phenomena such as the prosperity and decline of vegetation and the coming and going of migratory birds were called phenology by the ancient working people. The science of using phenology to study agricultural production is called phenology.
(2) Phenology reflects the influence of climatic conditions on organisms, which is relatively simple and easy to master, and can be widely used in agricultural production.
(3) differences in latitude and longitude, competition and ancient and modern times.
(4) Forecast the farming season and arrange the sowing date; Arrange crop zoning and determine the date of afforestation and seed collection; Introduce plants into areas with the same climatic conditions; Avoid or reduce the harm of pests; Promote agricultural development in mountainous areas.
2. Divide the levels of paragraphs and clarify the order of article interpretation.
(1) Choose two students to divide the paragraph level, make clear the idea of the full text, and show it on the blackboard, and the rest of the students will evaluate it.
Clear: The first part (1 ~ 3) leads to what is phenology and phenology.
The second part (paragraphs 4-5) expounds the importance of phenological observation to agriculture.
The third part (6 ~ 10) explains the factors that determine the coming of phenology.
The fourth part (paragraph 1 1 ~ 12) expounds the significance of studying phenology.
(2) Clarify the explanation order of articles and explore the author's explanation skills. Choose two students to summarize the order of this article in their own words.
If there are different opinions, the rest of the students are free to ask questions or express their understanding. )
Clear: This paper first introduces the object of phenology research, then illustrates the importance of phenology to agricultural production with concrete examples, then discusses the four factors that determine the arrival of phenology, and finally illustrates the significance of phenology to agricultural production.
Third, cooperative exploration:
(1) Part I:
1, the first natural paragraph describes the rich phenological phenomena all year round, in what order?
According to the chronological order of spring, summer, autumn and winter.
2. What words in the first paragraph explain the passage of time?
The words "later", "later", "soon", "here" and "ready to meet" are used flexibly.
3. What examples are given in the second paragraph to illustrate that "working people pay attention to the relationship between natural phenomena such as the rise and fall of vegetation and the coming and going of migratory birds and the climate, and arrange farming accordingly." Three examples are given.
4. What is the order of the three examples cited in the second paragraph?
In chronological order.
5. The third paragraph talks about what is phenology and what is phenology, and answers it in common language.
The working people in ancient China called some natural phenomena phenology.
In modern times, the science of using phenology knowledge to study agricultural production is called phenology.
6. What is the order of interpretation of the third paragraph?
From ancient times to modern times, from origin to development, from knowledge to science, words are orderly.
(2) The second part:
7. Why does the fourth paragraph of the article say that using phenology in agricultural activities is relatively simple and easy to master?
From the observation means, phenology observation uses "living instruments", which are living organisms. It is much more complicated and sensitive than meteorological instruments. From the data point of view, the data of phenological observation reflects the synthesis of climatic conditions such as temperature and humidity, and also reflects the influence of climatic conditions on organisms.
8. What does the fifth paragraph of the article illustrate by taking the phenological records in Beijing as an example?
Explain the importance of phenology to agriculture.
(3) The third part:
9. What factors determine the coming of phenology?
Latitude difference; Longitude difference; The difference between high and low; The difference between ancient and modern.
10, in what order are these four factors explained?
The influence degree of these four factors is from big to small, and they are arranged in turn, which is very organized. Latitude and longitude are different positions on the earth, and the third factor is the difference in the same place, all of which are spatial factors; The last factor is the time factor. From three spatial factors to one time factor, it is another kind of organization.
1 1, "Latitude comes first", what are the examples of peach blossoms and locusts?
It shows that the continental climate in China is remarkable, and Leng Xia is hot in winter. The temperature difference between north and south is great in winter, but not much in summer. In spring, early spring and late spring are different.
12, what examples are given in the paragraph "differences in longitude" and what do you mean?
Two examples of forsythia suspensa, Eucommia ulmoides and apple blossom are given, which show that the coastal areas at the same latitude are warmer in winter than inland areas, and colder in spring than inland areas. The arrival of spring in coastal areas is a few days later than that in inland areas.
13, the paragraph "height difference" is about "inversion layer". What is the inversion layer and how is it formed?
According to normal phenological phenomena, the germination and flowering of plants are higher and later in spring and summer, while the deciduous leaves of trees are higher and earlier in autumn. But at the turn of autumn and winter, the temperature is inversely proportional to a certain height in clear Wan Li. This is called inversion layer. The formation of inversion layer is due to the heavy cold air, which flows to a lower place on a windless night.
(4) The fourth part:
14. What is the significance of studying phenology?
The first is to predict farming time and choose sowing date. Secondly, phenological data has important reference value for arranging crop zoning and determining the date of afforestation and seed collection. Third, it can also be used to introduce plants to areas with the same phenological conditions. Fourthly, it can also be used to avoid or reduce the harm of pests.
15, in what order are the meanings of these four aspects? What words can you see?
In the order from main to secondary, the main meaning is highlighted with "first", and other meanings can be seen with the words "for" and "still usable".
16. What is the significance of studying phenology to the development of agriculture in mountainous areas of China?
There are a large area of mountainous areas in China that can be cultivated, but the adaptability of climate and soil in many places to crops in mountainous areas remains to be investigated. In particular, the CPC Central Committee has called for the development of northwest China, so it is very meaningful to carry out phenological observation in mountainous areas.
Fourth, expand and extend:
1. Collect some agricultural proverbs and talk about their phenological knowledge.
"Boiling water fields before Qingming Festival" is to determine the time of "paddy fields opening" according to the solar terms.
"Liufahua, beans grow melons" is the time to arrange "beans grow melons" according to phenological phenomena.
"Steamed bread cloud, sunny day" predicts the weather according to the shape of the cloud.
According to the phenological phenomenon of cicada singing in the rain, the weather situation is predicted.
"Sparrows hoard grain and snow" and "pigs embrace grass and cold waves come".
These agricultural proverbs, such as "there is rain in the ant's nest", "Fish dive, swallow flies low, there is rain", "The tide is on the turtle's back, there is rain", "The chicken stays late, the duck shouts happily, and the rain is coming" are all based on phenological phenomena to predict the weather.
2. Besides agricultural proverbs, there is also a lot of phenological knowledge in ancient poems. Bai Juyi's Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple is an example. Contact the phenology knowledge in this article to talk about the understanding of this poem.
Peach blossoms in Dalin Temple
Bai Juyi
In the world of April, the flowers have withered, and the peach blossoms in the ancient temples have just bloomed.
I want to find a place where my life is dying, but I don't know that it has been moved here.
Qing: Dalin Temple is at the top of Lushan censer peak. The poet visited Dalin Temple in early summer. In April, it was the time when spring returned to the plain, but the poet was surprised to find that this ancient mountain temple was actually blooming with peach blossoms. The poet was sad for the passing of spring, but after revisiting the spring scene, he was overjoyed and suddenly "woke up" that spring had turned here.
This poem just illustrates the height difference, the third factor that affects phenology: "The flowering and flowering of plants are higher and later in spring and summer."
Practice in one section:
Read the first and second paragraphs of the text and answer the following questions?
17, understand the following sentence: "The earth gradually wakes up from its deep sleep.
The personification of "the earth" by personification rhetoric is cordial and touching. )
18, snow and ice melt, vegetation germinates and a hundred flowers blossom. What are the functions of "melting", "sprouting" and "times" in the previous sentence?
The dictionary used for melting Meng is elegant and vivid. )
19, the swallow is back. What is the function of the word "Pianran" in the previous sentence?
(refers to the way of flying briskly, used to describe the flight of swallows. )
20. This is the period when plants reproduce fruits. Can you change the word "pregnant fruit" in the above sentence to "result"?
The dictionary is elegant, but if it is changed to plant "result", it will appear colloquial. )
2 1, the leaves of plants gradually turn yellow and fall off in the autumn wind. What does the word "rustling" in the previous sentence do?
("Sasha Vujacic" is the appearance of falling in succession, and the words are vivid and elegant. )
22. Insects active in fields and grasslands have also disappeared. Can you change the word "disappear" to "disappear" in the above sentence?
("Disappeared" refers to the disappearance of songs, the hiding of traces, the use of characters and images, and elegance. If it is changed to "disappeared", it will appear colloquial. )
23. Everywhere I go, there is a scene of withered plants and trees, preparing for the snowy winter. What is the function of the previous sentence "grass withers the sky" and "snow carries the road"? Words such as "withered grass" and "snow disaster carries the road" are vivid and elegant, giving people a sense of beauty. )
24, understand the next sentence: year after year, cycle after cycle. An elegant dictionary with the color of classical Chinese. )
25. What are the functions of words such as "information", "hint" and "singing"?
These words vividly illustrate the natural language and are lifelike.
26. What are the functions of words such as "vegetation flourishes and declines", "migratory birds come and go", "flowers and birds sing" and "grass grows and warblers fly"?
These words describe phenology with vivid and elegant words.
27. Does the proverb "Grandpa and Grandma, after cutting the wheat and inserting the grain" imitate the cuckoo's cry?
The proverb "Grandpa and Grandma, cut the wheat and insert the grain" imitates the cuckoo's cry, and is said to urge farmers to cultivate in time, which is very vivid.