However, is the famous poem stained with the light of the famous building or the famous building stained with the light of the famous poem? In fact, this problem is hard to say clearly.
Take Yueyang Tower as an example. Is Yueyang Tower famous because of Fan Zhongyan's The Story of Yueyang Tower or Fan Zhongyan's The Story of Yueyang Tower?
Yueyang Tower is located in the west wall of the ancient city of Hunan Province, overlooking Dongting and Junshan. Since ancient times, it has been known as "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building", and it is also known as "the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River" with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Hubei and the Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang, Jiangxi.
The main building of Yueyang Tower is19.42m high,14.54m deep and17.42m wide. It has three floors, four pillars, cornices, helmet tops and pure wood structures. Four nanmu gold pillars in the building go straight to the top of the building, surrounded by corridors, rafters and purlins, which are mutually tenoned and integrated.
Yueyang Tower, as the only ancient building that keeps its original appearance among the three famous buildings, has a unique helmet-top structure that embodies the wisdom of ancient working people and the exquisite design and skills of craftsmen. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan's well-known "Yueyang Tower" made Yueyang Tower famous all over the world.
Yueyang Tower was built around 220 AD. Its predecessor is said to be the "Reading Army Building" of Lu Su, a general of Soochow in the Three Kingdoms period, and it was called "Baling Building" in the Western Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
After Li Bai wrote poems in the middle Tang Dynasty, it was called "Yueyang Tower". At this time, Baling City has been changed to Yueyang City, and Baling Building has also been called Yueyang Building.
In the spring of the fourth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1044), Teng was exiled to Yuezhou to learn about military affairs. In the spring of the fifth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1045), Teng rebuilt Yueyang Tower and planned to build a dike. In October of the first year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1078), Yueyang Tower was destroyed by fire. In the spring of the second year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1079), Yuezhou formally built Yueyang Tower on behalf of the army.
"Dongting has water and Yueyang has a building." Wei Yunzhen, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, wrote a famous poem "The Story of Yueyang Tower", which was carved into a couplet and hung in front of Yueyang Tower. This is the most wonderful advertisement of Yueyang Tower. In fact, there are two sentences behind this poem: "Who is the man in the world? Drinking upstairs. " Judging from the poems chanting Yueyang Tower, since the Tang and Song Dynasties at the latest, this has been an elegant move that touched a man with lofty ideals.
Dongting is the water of the world and Yueyang is the building of the world.
Who is the man of the world, drinking upstairs.
As far as poetry is concerned, there are countless classic poems about Yueyang Tower in Tang poetry alone. For example, Meng Haoran's Dongting Lake newspaper Zhang: "Clouds and dreams fog, trapped Yueyang City", Li Bai's "Twelve Summers of Climbing Yueyang Tower": "Yueyang is exhausted, the cave opens", Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower": "I have heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I am climbing this building" and other famous sentences.
The autumn water rises and almost blends with the shore, mixing water and sky with the sky.
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.
I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.
Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish.
In the 21st year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (733), Meng Haoran went west to Chang 'an, and Zhang Jiuling served as secretary, junior supervisor and associate professor of bachelor's degree in Jixian College. They and Wang Wei have been friends for many years. Meng Haoran wrote this poem, and presented it to Zhang Jiuling after visiting the secretariat in Zhang Jiuling, in order to get Zhang Jiuling's recommendation, appreciation and appointment.
But the poet refused to say that he wanted to be an official because he was worried and loved face, so he had to express his wishes euphemistically. This depressed mood is not difficult to understand.
The first four sentences of the poem describe the magnificent scene and momentum of Dongting Lake, and the last four sentences are used to express their political enthusiasm and hope.
Climb the Yueyang Tower and overlook the Yangtze River until you reach the open Dongting Lake.
It breaks my heart to see geese flying south, and the distant mountains are in the title of a good month.
On the upper floor of the sky, stay in the chair and upload a glass of wine from the sky.
The cool breeze rising after drunkenness, blowing the sleeves with the wind, we will return.
Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. He is the most unique and greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. He has the reputation of "poetic immortal" and is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. His poems are mainly lyrical, showing the arrogant spirit of contempt for powerful people, expressing sympathy for people's sufferings, being good at depicting natural scenery and expressing his love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland. The poetic style is bold and unconstrained, the imagination is rich, the language is natural and fluent, and the melody is harmonious and changeable, which constitutes its unique magnificent and gorgeous color and reaches the peak of the poetic art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
This poem was written in the autumn of 759 AD (the second year of Su Zonggan Yuan). In the second year of Kaiyuan (759), Li Bai was pardoned during his exile and returned to Jiangxia to go to Yueyang. Li Bai's poems on the floor left a well-known chapter and added charming colors to Yueyang Tower.
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
Du Fu (AD 7 12~770), Han nationality, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Zhengzhou). He is called He Du. In the world, his own name is Shao Ling Ye Lao. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who died young for the country and the people, and was a world cultural celebrity. He was also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. Du Fu's ancestral home is Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province). His distant ancestor is Du Yu, a famous poet in the Jin Dynasty, and his ancestor is Du Yu, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Fu himself was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Zhengzhou). Du Fu was originally Zuo Shiyi and Yuan Wailang, and later he was called Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and was called "Poet Saint" by later gods.
In the second year of Tang Daizong Dali (767), Du Fu was 57 years old, only two years before his life ended. At that time, the poet was in a difficult situation, miserable, old and weak, suffering from lung disease and rheumatism, his left arm was withered, his right ear was deaf, and he lived by drinking medicine. In the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu drifted from Jiangling and Gongan along the Yangtze River to Yuezhou (now Hunan). Boarding the long-awaited Yueyang Tower, overlooking from the porch, facing the vast and magnificent Dongting Lake, the poet sincerely admired; Then I thought that I was wandering in my later years, and the country was full of disasters. I couldn't help feeling a lot, so I wrote "Climbing Yueyang Tower" in Yueyang.
This poem is the masterpiece of the five laws in Du Fu's poems, and it was called the first of the five laws in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. On the whole, the grandeur of mountains and rivers and the breadth of the poet's mind are both inside and outside the poem. Although sad, but not depressed; Although depressed, but not depressed.
"Dongting is the water of the world, and Yueyang is the building of the world." Yueyang Tower has been a major tourist attraction since ancient times, attracting scholars and poets of all ages to recite poems and write poems here. As far as prose is concerned, Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower in Northern Song Dynasty is enough to make it famous all over the world.
As the pinnacle of China's ancient prose, The Story of Yueyang Tower and Preface to Wang Tengting are like two mountains of ancient prose, which are hard to surpass by later generations. It is precisely because of these two articles that these two famous buildings are so popular that they are still lively today after thousands of years. But the debate about who is the first in ancient Chinese has never stopped. Some people like the beauty of Wang Bo's "Lonely sunset in Qi Fei, the autumn waters and the sky are the same", while others appreciate Fan Zhongyan's open-mindedness of "not taking pleasure in things, not taking sorrow for oneself", which seems difficult to tell the winner.
But in fact, from the comments of many famous writers in later generations, we can actually find that ancient scholars have completely different views on these two works.
The preface to Wang Teng-ting was written in the early Tang Dynasty, but only Han Yu, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty, commented on it. Han Yu put it this way: "Strengthen his writing and read it to forget my worries." Han Yu's evaluation is quite interesting, because the article writes Teng beautifully, so he wants to see it himself, thinking that such beautiful scenery will definitely make him forget his sorrow. This is a compliment to the beautiful writing of Teng Xu. Hu Yinglin, a great scholar in Song Dynasty, once had the same view. He said this article was "a unique short song in the Tang Dynasty". As a parallel prose, Preface to Wang Teng-ting is really breathtaking, but their comments are obviously only aimed at the beautiful scenery and the text itself.
Let's talk about Yueyang Tower. Among all the comments on Yueyang Tower, Chen Shidao, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "It's amazing to talk about time and scenery, and the novels written by Tang Peiqian are also amazing", which means that this essay not only writes about scenery, but also talks about immediate events, just like reading a short book. This evaluation actually sublimates Fan Zhongyan's articles from his travels to a higher level.
Jin Shengtan in Qing Dynasty said: "Full of sages, sages learn and write articles." A good article, we can not only listen to the article itself, but also understand the people behind it. Obviously, Jin Shengtan read a Fan Zhongyan in Yueyang Tower with the heart of a sage.
From the viewpoint of the above famous writers, we can find that the pattern of these two articles is different in the minds of famous writers, and it is obvious that Fan Zhongyan's pattern is bigger. In fact, the Preface to Wang Teng-ting was even better written, and it lost to Yueyang Tower in at least two aspects.
1, Wang Tengting is in front of Wang Bo, and Yueyang Tower is in Fan Zhongyan's imagination.
The Story of Yueyang Tower was written in 1046, when Fan Zhongyan was 57 years old. At that time, Fan Wenzheng was exiled to Dengzhou, Henan Province for offending villains, so he was not in Yueyang Tower when writing this article. Later, many scholars even studied Fan Zhongyan's calendar and thought that he might never have been to Yueyang Tower. This essay is probably written by him according to a painting or someone else's description. Whether this is true or not, it is obvious that when writing this article, Yueyang Tower is not in front of Fan Zhongyan, but in its imagination, which is very clever in itself.
2. Wang Bo's prose is parallel prose, and Fan Zhongyan's prose is prose.
Wang Bo's prose is a parallel prose, while Fan Zhongyan's is an essay, both of which are excellent works to express feelings about scenery, but their life patterns are different. Wang Bo wrote an article to show his talent. Although he does not lose the lofty sentiments of "thinking about change if you are poor, and never falling into the sky", it is limited to personal gains and losses. Fan Zhongyan is different. His understanding of personal gains and losses is "not to be happy with things, not to be sad for oneself", and it is also "to worry about the worries of the world first, and to be happy after the joy of the world". One is for myself and the other is for the world. Which realm is higher is clear at a glance. This can also explain why when famous experts evaluate Yueyang Tower, everyone only says how good the scenery is; When evaluating the story of Yueyang Tower, people value the soul.
Two masterpieces through the ages, one is written by a gifted scholar in his twenties in the Tang Dynasty, and the other is written by a 57-year-old scholar in the Song Dynasty. Which one do you like? Welcome to discuss one or two.
The Story of Yueyang Tower is an essay written by Fan Zhongyan, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, on September 15th, six years (1046 65438+ 10/7) at the request of Teng Zijing, a good friend of Baling County, to rebuild Yueyang Tower.
By writing about the scenery of Yueyang Tower and the different feelings brought by rainy days and sunny days, the article reveals the benevolent heart of the ancients who "don't like things, don't grieve for themselves", and also expresses his patriotic feelings of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later".
The article goes beyond the narrow scope of simply writing about mountains and rivers, and combines the gloomy changes of nature, the lack of rain and shine, and the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving poets", thus focusing on discussing political ideals and expanding the realm of the article. Full-text narration, scenery description, lyricism and discussion are integrated, and the combination of static and dynamic, contrast between light and dark, concise words and harmonious syllables make it an innovation of miscellaneous notes to compare scenes with couplets.
This article was written in Li Qing for six years (1046). Fan Zhongyan lived in the era of internal troubles and foreign invasion in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the internal class contradictions became increasingly prominent, eyeing the foreign Khitan and Xixia. In order to consolidate the political power and improve this situation, the political group headed by Fan Zhongyan began to carry out reforms, which was later called the "Qingli New Deal". However, the reform violated the interests of the feudal big landlord class conservatives and was strongly opposed by them. The emperor's determination to reform was not firm. Under the oppression of the conservative bureaucratic group headed by Queen Ether, the reform ended in failure. After the failure of the "Qingli New Deal", Fan Zhongyan offended the Prime Minister Lv Yijian, and Fan Zhongyan was relegated to Dengzhou, Henan. This article is about Dengzhou, not Yueyang Tower.
In the spring of the fourth year, Li Qing stayed in Baling County. In the second year, the government was harmonious and everything went smoothly. Is to rebuild Yueyang Tower, add its old system, and engrave Tang Xian's poems on it. It belongs to the composition to remember. (Passage: Furniture)
Guanfu Baling wins in Dongting Lake. Take a distant mountain, swallow the Yangtze River, and make a vast soup, boundless; It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower, which was prepared by predecessors. But the northern martial arts, the Antarctic Xiaoxiang, and the poets who moved abroad will all be here, and they will look at things well.
If it rains, the moon will not open, the evil wind will howl, and the turbid waves will be empty; The sun, moon and stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden; Business travel is bad and ruined; Twilight is boundless, tigers roar and apes crow. When you go to the temple building, you are homesick, sad, sad and sad. (hidden work: hidden glory; Yin Yutong: Yu Yu)
If it is spring, it is calm and the sky is high and the clouds are light; Sha Ou Ji Xiang, swimming in the brocade scale; The coast is blue and green. Or the long smoke is exhausted, the bright moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, the static shadow is sinking, and the fishing songs are answered. How happy I am! When you arrive at Dunsi Building, you will feel relaxed and happy, forget the humiliation, and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you feel happy.
Hey, honey! Is it to taste the heart of the ancient benevolent, or to do something different? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself; If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people; If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband. It's worrying about going in and going out. But when will you be happy? It must be said, "worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world." Hey! Wes, who are we going home with?
September 15th, six years.