Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word is too white, and the number is purple. Mian Governor Long (now Jiangyou, Sichuan) was born.
In his youth, Li Bai studied in a wide range. In addition to Confucian classics and ancient literary and historical masterpieces, he also browsed hundreds of books and became a "good swordsman". Believing in Taoism, having the idea of transcending the secular; At the same time, he has the political ambition to make contributions. The poems he wrote in Shu as a teenager are rarely preserved, but they show outstanding talent. Li Bai traveled in eastern Sichuan when he was about twenty-five or six years old. In the next ten years, he roamed many places in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), he once arrived in Chang 'an to strive for a political way out, but failed. In the first year of Tianbao (742), he was called by Xuanzong to worship Hanlin in Chang 'an as a minister of civil affairs and participated in drafting documents. Less than two years later, he was forced to resign and leave Beijing. During this period, Li Bai's poetry and song creation tends to be mature. 1 1 years later, continue to wander in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. "Wandering around the world, it is suitable for poetry and wine." He still cares about state affairs and hopes to be re-appointed by the court. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai met Du Fu in Luoyang and became good friends. They didn't meet again after breaking up the next year. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai lived in seclusion in Xuancheng (now Anhui) and Lushan Mountain. In the second year1February, he was invited to the Lee Shogunate in Wang Yong, hoping to eliminate the rebellion and restore national unity. After Wang Yong angered Su Zong and was killed, Li Bai was also found guilty, imprisoned in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and soon exiled to Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou). On the way, I was forgiven and came back. I was 59 years old. Living in Jiangnan area in his later years. At the age of 6 1, I heard that Qiu Li Guangbi led an army out of the city to attack the Anshi rebels and went north to join the army to kill the enemy. He turned back halfway due to illness. The following year, he died in the apartment of his uncle Dangtu (now Anhui) county magistrate Li.
Li Bai's poems have been lost a lot, and there are still more than 900 poems with rich contents. Li Bai cared about national affairs all his life, hoping to make contributions to the country, but he was not satisfied with the dark reality. His 59 antiques are representative works in this field. The dark corruption in Tang Xuanzong's later politics was widely exposed and criticized, which reflected the grief and indignation of talents who had nowhere to go. A lot of words are ironic, and the spirit is very high. Li Bai is eager to make contributions and serve the country, but he does not envy wealth. What do you think of are bells and drums, treasures and treasures? . After making contributions, he will follow the example of Lu Zhonglian, a senior scholar in the Warring States period, and quit without respect. His thoughts were obviously influenced by Taoism, especially Zhuangzi. Many of Li Bai's poems show concern and sympathy for people's lives. This content is often combined with criticism of rulers. Some of his Yuefu poems reflect women's lives and their sufferings, which focus on thinking about women and remembering people, and also write about the grievances of businessmen, abandoned wives and maids. His "Lodging in Wusongshan Mountain, Uncle Xun", "Song of Protection" and "Song of Autumn Pu" describe the lives of farmers, boatmen and miners respectively, showing concern for the working people. Li Bai wrote many poems describing natural scenery in his life. His poems "It's difficult to ascend to heaven through the Shu Road", "The water of the Yellow River can't be moved out of the sky and into the ocean, and it will never return" ("Into the wine"), "Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days" ("Looking at Lushan Waterfall") and so on are all famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages. This kind of poetry, just like some of his works praising Dapeng birds, shows his lofty aspirations and broad mind, and reflects his desire to pursue extraordinary things from the side. Other poems, such as Qiudeng Xuancheng Xie Tiao North Building, Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain and Journey to Qingxi, are good at depicting quiet scenery, fresh and meaningful, and their styles are close to those of Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Li Bai also has many poems about love and friendship. His Yuefu poems often express euphemistic and profound love from the perspective of female inheritors. There are also some poems about giving gifts and missing your wife, and their feelings are quite deep. Li Bai donated a large number of works to his friends, including many excellent works. Some of these poems show a distinct political attitude, and more often they show their daily farewell and lovesickness, such as the Yellow Crane Tower's farewell to Meng Haoran and Du Fu at Dunmenmen, hearing that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln for this purpose, reminiscing about the past, visiting the army, and giving Wang Lun a present. Deep feelings, vivid images and strong artistic appeal. The content of Li Bai's poems also contains some feudal dross, among which more is the negative nihilism of promoting life as a dream, eating and drinking, and the religious superstition of seeking immortals to visit the Tao and alchemy. Some of his poems about women and love are vulgar. In Li Bai's poems, exaggerated and vivid metaphors are widely used. His poems, such as "But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut with swords and raise our glasses to drown our sorrows" and "White hair is three thousands of feet, and sorrow is like a beard" (Song of Autumn Pu, article 15), depict his deep worries after the failure of political activities in Chang 'an, which are widely circulated. For example, he wrote "Poetry is a gift from the north window, and a thousand words are not as good as a glass of water" ("Answering the Twelve Cold Nights of the King") and wrote his own talents; "I would like to cross the Yellow River, but the ice will choke on the ferry, and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow" ("Difficult to Travel"), which is difficult to write a career; "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun" ("To Wang Lun"), and writing about the deep friendship between friends all impress readers with distinctive and prominent images. The imagination of Li Bai's poems is very rich and amazing. His "Strong winds blow my heart, and fairy trees hang in the west" ("Jin Xiang sends Wei Ba to the West") and "My heart is full of worries about the bright moon, and I stay in the West with the wind" ("I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiaoyao to leave") all show his nostalgia for Chang 'an and his poetry friends with strange imagination. Fu Liangyin, Antique and Lotus Mountain in the West respectively express the destruction of Chang 'an City and the ravages of Anshi Rebellion on the Central Plains through fantasy. Farewell from afar shows the hidden worries about the political situation in the later period of Tang Xuanzong through the wandering fantasy legend. They are vivid and meaningful. With the help of myths and legends, Shu Dao Nan and Meng Deng Tian Mu Shan have built a colorful and thrilling realm. The rich imagination of Li Bai's poems is particularly prominent in the long seven-character poems, which are obviously influenced by Qu Yuan. In terms of genre, Li Bai is good at classical poems and quatrains with relatively free form, and doesn't like to write metrical poems. 59 pieces of Antique are his representative works of five dynasties. The five ancient poems in his Yuefu have inherited the fine tradition of Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, and their writing style is simple and vivid, full of the poet's enthusiasm. His seven-character ancient poems (including Yuefu seven-character songs and general seven-character poems) are more creative. The scenery is magnificent, colorful, lyrical and changeable. From the literary origin, this kind of poetry is most influenced by Qu Yuan's works, and it is difficult for Bao Zhao to imitate it. Li Bai is good at quatrains. His quatrains were improved on the basis of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which made him more alert. "Thinking on a Quiet Night" and "Yu Jiefen" and other five wonders are implicit and meaningful. There are also excellent works, clear and concise language, harmonious and beautiful timbre, lyrical scenery and simple explanations. For example, See you Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from the Yellow Crane Tower, Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Looking at Tianmen Mountain, Making a White Emperor City as early as possible, and Presenting Wang Lun. Are well-known masterpieces. The evaluation of the seven-character quatrains in the Tang Dynasty has always been that Li Bai and Wang Changling are the best at scenes; Li Bai concentrated on the study of the Seven Laws, with only a dozen books and few excellent works. There are more than 70 poems about five laws, some of which are well written, which shows that he can write metrical poems, but he doesn't like to write more. Although Li Bai's Yuefu poems use the old Yuefu theme, they can be innovative. Those who wrote poems with the theme of old Yuefu in the Tang Dynasty made the most outstanding achievements. Some of his poems and quatrains are full of Yuefu poems, although they don't use Yuefu themes. The greatest feature of his poetic language can be said to be "clear water produces hibiscus, which is naturally carved". Specifically, the language is straightforward and natural, the syllables are harmonious and smooth, natural and unpretentious, and it exudes the flavor of folk songs. This is mainly due to the study of Yuefu folk songs in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. But he didn't just learn and imitate the language of folk songs, but improved it on the basis of learning to make it more concise, beautiful and meaningful. His seven-character ancient poems are not only pure and natural, but also bold and unconstrained in language. Du Fu's poem "Memories of Li Bai in Spring" praised Li Bai's poems as "fresh" and "elegant", which revealed the remarkable characteristics of his language style. Li Bai's poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations. Han Yu and Li He in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Lu You in the Song Dynasty, Gao Qi in the Ming Dynasty, Qu Dajun, Huang Jingren and Gong Zizhen in the Qing Dynasty all benefited from and were influenced by Li Bai's poems to varying degrees. Li Bai also wrote several poems. There are 12 poems in Zunqian Collection and 7 poems in Hua 'an Miao Ci Selection. Among them, "Qingpingdiao" has three songs "Clouds Want Clothes, Flowers Want Capacity", and the genre is actually a quatrain of seven words, which was sung with music at that time. Other long and short sentences handed down by Li Bai are not very credible. Among them, Bodhisattva Man, Smoke in the Desert of Pinglin, Hubei and Yan are the most famous, but whether these two sentences are Li Bai's works is quite doubtful by later generations. There are more than 60 essays by Li Bai today. Many antithetical sentences did not get rid of the popular parallel prose fashion at that time. But the language is natural and fluent, which is similar to its poetic style. Among them, Hanshu Jingzhou and Preface to Peach Blossom Garden (Li) were selected by later generations and widely read.
Li Bai's anthology compiled by the Tang people has not been handed down now. Thirty volumes of Li Taibai's Collected Works in the Northern Song Dynasty were engraved in Suzhou and called Su Ben. Later, there was a Shu edition copied according to Su Ben, which was the earliest extant Li Baiji. During the reign of Kangxi, Miao Yue copied it and called it Miao Edition. The earliest annotation for Li Baiji was Yang Qixian's Li Hanlin Collection in the Southern Song Dynasty, with 25 volumes and rich annotations. Qu Tuiyuan and Zhu Jincheng's "Li Bai Ji Zhu" is by far the most detailed one in Li Bai Ji Zhu. Research on Li Bai's works: After the May 4th Movement, before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was Li Bai, a Taoist poet, and there was a study of Li Bai. Since the founding of New China, there have been Chronicles of Zhan Li Bai, Poems of Li Bai, and Studies of Li Bai in Wang Yunxi. In addition, there are many individual papers, some of which were selected as representative papers by Zhonghua Book Company, and compiled into Collected Papers on Li Bai's Studies, which were published in the 1960s.
Catalogue of Li Bai's poetry and prose editions
catalogue
[Caotang Collection] .................................................................. 1
[Li Hanlin] .........................................1
[Collected Works of Li Taibai] ......................................................... 1
[Li Hanlin ]4
[Supplement to the Classification of Li Taibai's Poems] ........................................................................................................................ "
[Poems by Tang Hanlin and Li Taibai] .....................................................................................................................................................................
[Classification of Li Taibai's Poetry]
[Tang Li Du Shi] ... 19, 19, 18, 19, 19, 19. 9、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 / kloc-0/9、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 1 9、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、
[Tang Li Bai's Poems] ... Poetry ... Poetry ... Poetry ... Poetry ...
[Poems by Tang Hanlin and Li Bai] ............................................. 10
[Poems by Tang Li Bai] ............................................................... 1 1
[Li Hanlin's classified poems] ......................................... 12
[Complete Works of Li Hanlin] ...13.
[Li Shitong] .............................14
[Complete Works of Li Taibai] ...................................................... 15
[Notes on Li Taibai's Collected Works] ......................................................................................................................................................................
[Notes on Li Taibai's Poetry] ........................................ 17
[Remake the Complete Works of Li Taibai] .............................................
[Li Baiji proofreading note] ........................................................ 18
[Notes on Chronology of Complete Works of Li Bai] ...................................................................................................................................................................
[Selected Poems of Li Hanlin Fan Deji] ............................................................................
[Notes on Selected Poems of Li ]2 1
[Selected Poems of Li ]22 pages
[Selected Poems of Li Taibai] ... The first episode.
[Copy and comment on the forest] [Copy and comment] Copy.
[Rhyme of Du Lizhi] ............................................................................................................................................
[Selected Poems of Li Hanlin] ... The first episode.
[Selected Poems of Li] [Selected Poems of Li]
[Interpretation of Li Lv's Seven Palace Map] Interpretation of Li Lv's Seven Palace Map
[Li Note] [Li Note] [Li Note] [Li Note]
[Shi Li's five-character argument] ..............
[Selected Poems of Li] ... 31
[Tang Libai Dialect] ...................................
[Li Shiwei]
[Li Shiwei Season]
[Li Shiyi]
[Yao Tai Lei Feng] ..........................
[Selected Poems of Li Bai] ... The first episode
Li Bai's poems
[Selected Poems of Li Bai] ... The first episode
[Notes on Selected Poems of Li Bai] ... 19, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19. kloc-0/9、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 1 9、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 / kloc-0/9、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19、 19
[Pay attention to Li Taibai dialect] ..........
[Li Taibai's Poems] The first sentence: the second sentence: the third sentence: the fourth sentence: the third sentence: the fourth sentence: the fourth sentence: the fourth sentence: the fifth sentence: the fifth sentence: the fourth sentence: the fifth sentence: the fifth sentence.
[Selected Poems of Du Li] [Li Bai and Du Fu] ..................
[Selected Poems of Li Bai] ... The first episode
[Notes on Selected Poems of Li Bai] Li Bai's Selected Poems
[Notes on Selected Poems of Li Bai] Li Bai's Selected Poems
[Selected Poems of Li Bai] Selected Poems of Li Bai
[Selected Poems of Li Bai] ... The first episode
[Selected Poems of Li Bai] .......................................................................................................................................................................
[Notes on Selected Poems of Li Bai] Li Bai's Selected Poems
[Selected Works of Li Bai] ... 51
[Selected Works of Li Bai] ...................................... 52
Li Bai (70 1-762)
"The son of the article, Li Jieren. When the earth opens, clouds evaporate and rain falls. Sowing everything is great. Ingenious nature, manpower and application? Another example is the long river, which is boundless. Ten thousand diarrhea, especially at the end. As for words, as for this. In high spirits, carry forward the lofty "Song" generation Li interpersonal ".
Almost no one in China does not know about Li Bai, because Li Bai was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and had an important position and far-reaching influence in the history of China's poetry development. He was the first poet in China.
The word "Li Bai" is "Taibai" and is called "Qinglian layman". He was born in Ji Cheng, Longxi (northwest of Qin 'an, Gansu), and his ancestors fled to Suiye (near Kyrgyzstan and tokmak today) during the war at the end of Sui Dynasty, where Li Bai was born. As a teenager, Li Bai was gifted and had a wide range of interests, such as "reading strange books", "wandering immortals" and "being good at fencing". In the first year of Tang Zhongzong Shenlong (705), the family moved to Mianzhou, Sichuan, where they were sacrificed by Hanlin. Because it is called "Li Hanlin". He is known as "the immortal in the sky", and later generations also call him "Li Chenxian". However, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty only asked Li Bai and others to send a letter to Hanlin, the minister of the Chapter Department, and Li Bai's ambition could not be realized. Li Bai's personality is arrogant, and he can't stand the life of "making eyes at the eyebrows and bending his back to serve the dignitaries". Three years later, Li Bai was ruined by slander, so he invited himself back to the mountain and left Chang 'an. He can only visit the mountains and immortals and drink crazy songs to relieve his grief and indignation. But he never gave up his dream of making contributions and becoming an extraordinary person. After the An Shi Rebellion broke out, Li Bai was invited to Lilin, the shogunate of Wang Yong, and thought he had a chance to make contributions. , reciting the heroic poem "but using Dongshan Xie Anshi to laugh at Jinghu Sand for you". After Wang Yong's army was destroyed by Tang Suzong, Li Bai was also implicated in prison, and was later pardoned on his way to exile Yelang. Until the age of sixty-one, Li Bai also asked to join the army, hoping to have a "one-knife use", but he turned back due to illness and failed to do so. At the age of sixty-two, he was ordered by his uncle to stay in the Li family (dangtu county, Maanshan, Anhui).
Now there are more than 990 poems and songs by Li Bai. There are a lot of political lyric poems, which fully show the poet's extraordinary ambition, unrestrained passion and chivalrous spirit, and also represent the typical tone of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai has a strong sense of self and compares himself with Dapeng many times. "One day, Dapeng rises with the wind and goes straight to Wan Li" and "Li Yong". However, Li Bai's frustration in Chang 'an for three years turned his full political enthusiasm into a wild song of grief and indignation when he was hit by reality again, and it gushed out from his chest: "The road is like a blue sky, and there is no way out in front of me. I am ashamed to follow those who have no courage, fighting chickens and dogs to bet on pears, and I want to return home with no fish to eat. Zhou Busi succumbed to the gentry. Li Bai also used a hearty drinking poem to dispel the sadness of his talent. "Into the wine": "Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes, and never point his golden cup at the moon! Since God has given talents, let them be used! , spin one thousand silver, all back! Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a long drink! " It is in line with this unrestrained emotional momentum. The remarkable characteristics of Li Bai's poems in artistic techniques are: magical imagination, endless changes, vertical and horizontal structure and patchwork sentence patterns, which form a magnificent and elegant style. Climbing Tianmu Mountain in the Dream:
"In a straight line to heaven, its peak enters heaven, with five holy peaks on top, and casts a shadow in China. The Paradise Terrace Mountains are 100 miles long, and it is here that they begin to extend to the southeast. My heart and my dream are in Wu Heyue, and they cross Jinghu Lake on a moonlit night. The moon lit up my shadow and I came to Yanhe. Xie 'an is still there, with a loud voice and rippling blue waves. Xie, climbed Yun Lan's ladder. Halfway through the sunny ocean, the sacred rooster crows in space. Countless peaks and more valleys, there is no road, flowers tempt me, and rocks relax me. The day suddenly ended. Bears, dragons and storms on mountains and rivers disturb forests and shake mountains. Clouds are darkened by rain, and streams are pale by fog. The god of thunder and lightning shattered the whole mountain range, and the stone gate was divided and vented in the sinkhole. An impenetrable shadow, but now the sun and the moon light up the gold and silver terrace. Dressed in colorful clothes, riding the wind, all the queens of the clouds came down one by one, with tigers playing the piano and phoenixes dancing. Row after row, like a hemp field, lined with fairy figures. When the big dream first woke up, the dreamland disappeared, which led to the understanding of the world of life: "People's happiness is always like this, and thousands of waters flow eastward in Qian Shan", "Alas, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials who will never be shown with honesty?". This feature of Li Bai's Dream Falling from the Sky has greatly developed Zhuangzi's fable, Qu Yuan's first romantic spirit and expression techniques, and also incorporated the Taoist immortal image, which has amazing artistic charm and won the praise of a generation of "poetic immortals".
Li Bai's poems and songs have diverse themes. His seven-character ancient poems (Shu Dao Nan, Tian Mu Shan Meng Deng, Jiang, Yin, etc. ); Five-character ancient poems (59 ancient styles); There are some poems in Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, such as Long March and Midnight Wu Ge. And seven-character quatrains (looking at Lushan Waterfall, looking at Tianmen Mountain, making Baidi City as early as possible, etc. ) became masterpieces in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai was already famous in the Tang Dynasty. His poem "There is no set volume, but every family has it". He is the first poet in China's poetry.
Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan (before 339? ~ top 278？ At the end of the Warring States period, Chu people were outstanding politicians and patriotic poets. The name is flat and the word is original. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants. Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei) people.
Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life: Chu Weiwang, Chu Huaiwang and King Xiang of Chu, mainly in the period of Chu Huaiwang. This period is the eve of China's imminent reunification. "Qin Huang is horizontal, Chu Wang is vertical." Qu was born in a famous family, good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, and was highly valued in his early years. He was a doctor of Zuotu. In order to realize the great cause of Chu's reunification, Qu Yuan actively assisted in the reform to strengthen the country, and insisted on uniting Qi with foreign countries to resist Qin, which once made Chu rich and strong. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by a clique and alienated by Chu Huaiwang.
In the 15th year of Wang Huai (the first 304 years), Zhang Yi went from Qin to Chu, bribing Shanxi merchants, merchants and others to act as spies, and at the same time cheating by offering merchants in a land of 600 miles, which led to the breaking of diplomatic relations between Qi and Chu. After being cheated, Chu Huaiwang became angry from embarrassment. He sent troops to Qin twice, but both were defeated. So Qu Yuan was ordered to send envoys to Qi State to rebuild the good relations between Qi and Chu. Once again, Zhang Yi failed to disintegrate the Qi-Chu alliance from Qin to Chu. In twenty-four years, Qin Chu formed an alliance with Huang Ci, and Chu was completely embraced by the State of Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from the capital and moved to the Northern Han Dynasty.
Thirty years after Wang Huai, Qu Yuan returned to Du Ying. In the same year, Qin made an appointment with the military attache, was detained by Qin, and finally died in Qin. After Chu Xiang ascended the throne, he continued to implement the policy of surrender. Qu Yuan was once again expelled from Ying Capital and exiled to the south of the Yangtze River, and was displaced between Yuan and Xiang. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Chu (278 BC), Qin generals attacked Ying, and Qu Yuan threw himself into Guluo River in anger and died for his political ideal.