1. Understand the theme of the work, that is, the author's thoughts and attitudes. Everyone has a purpose in writing, that is, to publicize a certain idea, create a public opinion, and influence others' thoughts and behaviors. This kind of thought and viewpoint expressed through the specific content of literary works is the main theme of the works and often the author's own point of view. It is the soul of the content of the work and the commander-in-chief of the theme. When we read literary works, we will first be shocked and infected by the theme of the works, and gain a rational understanding of social life from it. The analysis of the theme often needs to pay attention to literary common sense, life common sense, historical allusions, myths and legends, natural phenomena, background of the times and social reality, as well as the poet's ideological tendency, political opinions, ambition pursuit and life experience. For example, if you read Du Fu's works, you must understand the social background and the author's situation at that time, so that you can better understand the sadness of three officials and three others, the helplessness of "getting the building boundless" and "flying around, flying around, what am I like, but a sandpiper in the vast world! "!
2. Analyze the thoughts and feelings expressed in the works. The artistic image of excellent literary works is artistic beauty. Expressing the writer's life ideal and healthy thoughts and feelings through the image of artistic beauty can make people be educated and enlightened, thus gaining spiritual enjoyment.
3. Explain the social significance of the work. The important themes of classical poetry often include: nostalgia for the past, contempt for the powerful, cynicism, lack of talents, love for mountains and rivers, seclusion in the countryside, climbing to see the scenery, cherishing the spring and autumn colors, remembering friends and homesickness, homesickness for relatives, loving bosom friends, not hating and not leaving sorrow, ups and downs of the past, vicissitudes of life and so on.
In short, evaluating the content of a literary work and the author's viewpoint and attitude, specifically, judging the political content and ideological tendency of a literary work, is the primary task of poetry and literary appreciation.