One of the two poems about going out of the fortress·Qin Shimingyue and Hanshiguan·Wang Changling
Qinshimingyue and Hanshiguan, the people who have marched thousands of miles have not returned.
But the flying generals of Dragon City are here, and Huma is not taught to cross the Yin Mountains.
Appreciation 1
This is a famous work. Li Panlong, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, once praised it as the masterpiece of the seven unique works of the Tang Dynasty. Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty said in "Shuo Shi Xu Yu": "In the chapter 'The Bright Moon of the Qin Dynasty', the predecessors praised it but did not say how wonderful it was. The reason is that the master of Yan was exhausted and failed to achieve success because he was not the general; he was unable to fly. When the general prepares the border, the beacon at the border will be extinguished, which is what Gao Changshi's "Yange Xing" said today. "The border defense and city building began in the Qin and Han Dynasties. The bright moon belongs to the Qin Dynasty, and the pass belongs to the Han Dynasty." He said in the poem. This passage criticizes Li Panlong for only commending this poem without explaining its beauty. However, he himself only explained the main purpose of the poem and did not point out the author's ingenuity.
The main idea of ??the whole poem summarized by Shen is basically correct, but the idea of ??this main idea is very ordinary. Why can such an ordinary thought be turned into a masterpiece?
It turns out that there is one of the most beautiful and thought-provoking lines in this poem, which is the first line at the beginning: "The moon is bright in Qin and the moon is off in Han." What's the beauty of this poem? Let’s start with the title of the poem. This poem is titled "Out of the Fortress", and you can tell at a glance that it is a Yuefu poem. Yuefu poems are to be set into music and widely sung. To meet the needs of being set to music and sung, the poems often contain some common and idiomatic words. Wang Changling's poem is no exception. You see, the two words "Mingyue" and "Guan" in the first sentence are very common words in Yuefu poems about frontier fortresses. "Collection of Yuefu Poems." Isn't "Guan Shan Yue" included in "Hengchui Quci"? "Yuefu Jietie" says: "The moon over the mountain is the pain of separation." Whether a man is homesick for home or his wife is far away, the two words "guan" and "moon" are often inseparable. "In March and May in Guanshan, guests recall Qinchuan" (Xu Ling's "Guanshan Moon"), "Guanshan is full of moonlight at night, and the autumn colors shine on the lonely city" (Wang Bao's "Guanshan Moon"), "Guanshan is insurmountable for thousands of miles, who can "Sitting facing the beautiful moon" (Lu Sidao's "On the Military March"), "The bright moon in Longtou approaches the pass, and travelers on Longtou play the flute at night" (Wang Wei's "Longtou Yin"), there are countless examples. After seeing this clearly, you will understand the novelty and wonder of this poem, which is that the two temporal qualifiers "Qin" and "Han" are added before the two words "Mingyue" and "Guan". In this way, writing from thousands of years ago and thousands of miles away naturally forms a unique and majestic artistic conception. To borrow the words commonly used in poetry evaluation in previous generations, it is "motivated and lofty", allowing readers to compare the border border under the bright moon in front of them with the Qin Dynasty. Building the pass to prepare for the Hu people is naturally connected with the long history of the Han Dynasty's series of wars with the Hu people inside and outside the pass. This way. "The people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned" is not just a tragedy for contemporary people, but a common tragedy for generations of people since the Qin and Han Dynasties; I hope there are "Dragon City Flying Generals" on the border who "will not teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountains" , not just the people of the Han Dynasty, but the common wish of people from generation to generation. Ordinary tragedies and ordinary hopes all show extraordinary significance with the appearance of the two time qualifiers "Qin" and "Han" in the first sentence. This poem has a high tone and powerful momentum, which is enough to dominate the entire poem.
The beauty of poetry and the beauty of poetic language are often reflected in seemingly ordinary words, or in other words, in the use of seemingly ordinary words in the most accurate and critical places. These places often best reflect the poet's superb artistic attainments. (Liao Zhongan)
Appreciation 2
All poems that are popular in history have unique ideological and artistic charm. The beauty of Wang Changling's famous poem "Seven Wonders of Frontier Fortress" is that although it is small in length, it has a huge capacity. The poet made a high-level artistic summary of the frontier war life at that time with vigorous writing. Through his creative management of time and space, as well as the close combination of scene description, narrative, lyricism and discussion, he created rich and complex thoughts and feelings in the four lines of the poem, making the artistic conception of the poem powerful and far-reaching, both exciting and thought-provoking.
The seven words in the first line of the poem, "The bright moon in Qin and the pass in Han", show a magnificent picture: a bright moon, shining on the border and fortresses. The poet only used broad brushstrokes to outline the scene without making detailed descriptions, but it just showed the outline of the border and the depression of the scenery, rendering a lonely and desolate atmosphere. What is particularly wonderful is that the poet used the three words "Qin and Han Dynasties" in front of "moon" and "pass" to modify the picture of the moon approaching the pass, turning it into a picture in time, giving the border pass thousands of miles a long history. A sense of history. This is a "magic stroke" that came from the poet's deep thinking about the long-term frontier war! Then, the poet touched the scene and wrote the second sentence, "The people from the long march of thousands of miles have not yet returned." This sentence is both narrative and lyrical. The deep exclamation implies that the border defense was troubled at that time, showing the poet's deep sympathy for the soldiers who had been garrisoned for a long time. And this sentence points out the remoteness of the border fortress from a spatial perspective. In this way, the poet creates an image of intertwined time and space, taking readers to the frontier thousands of miles away and into the long river of history to recall, experience, and think. These two sentences contain so many hidden meanings! The border gates during the Qin and Han Dynasties are still the same under the moon, and the wars between them are continuous. How many soldiers have spilled their blood on the battlefield and have not returned to their deaths; how many soldiers are still guarding the border and cannot return. The poet uses the vast and long time and space imagery to express the pain and disasters that war has brought to the people of the past dynasties since the Qin and Han Dynasties. The intention is high and the vision is far-reaching. It can be said to be "high-spirited".
Since the war caused a common tragedy for the people. So, how to stop and end this tragedy? The poet gave the correct answer in three or four sentences. He appealed to the soldiers who had been garrisoned for a long time, hoping that a famous general like Flying General Li Guang would lead the vast number of soldiers to defeat the enemy and win victory, so that the enemy would not dare to invade again. The two sentences "But the flying generals of Dragon City are here + don't teach Hu Ma to cross the Yinshan Mountains" combine lyricism and discussion, directly inspiring the border guards' desire to consolidate border defense and their ambition to defend the country, and are filled with patriotic passion and national pride. It is written with great momentum, sonorous and powerful, and makes the sound of stone hitting the ground! At the same time, these two sentences are ironic, expressing the poet's dissatisfaction with the improper employment of the court and the corruption and incompetence of the generals. There are extraneous sounds that make people think endlessly.
"Out of the Barrier" has always been highly praised. Li Panlong, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, even praised it as the masterpiece of the seven quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. Yang Shen also ranked it first in his compilation of quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. These evaluations may not be appropriate, but it is indeed a masterpiece that perfectly combines ideological and artistic qualities.
(Tao Wenpeng)