On the transition of poetry 1 Transformational Youth Inspirational Poetry
The ancients said that articles should be divided into four steps: "starting, inheriting, turning and combining", and general works are written like this. In fact, the same is true of ancient poetry. Understanding this is helpful to understand the meaning and beauty of the whole poem.
(a) for example, "Spring Dawn" poem, only five words and four sentences, its level is:
1. I woke up easily in this spring morning-"unconsciously", "unconsciously", "spring dawn" is coming. This is "Qi", and the title of "Xiao Chun" has been deducted.
There are birds singing everywhere around me-inheriting the word "sleep" and extending it to "smell": what a sight of birds singing in spring! This is "commitment".
But now I remember that night, the storm-it happened that it changed from "spring dawn" to "spring night"; The sound of this smell also comes from the unconsciousness and smell of sleep. This is "turning". Next level, draw a stroke and write something new.
4. I don't know how many flowers have been folded-this is "harmony", which is related to the poem title of "Spring Dawn" and takes care of the meaning of the first sentence, so that the whole poem is connected without trace and integrated: after the light rain, a hundred birds contend, wake up in spring sleep, count the flowers, and have a different life interest.
(2) look at a little poem, Li Yi's "sympathy for farmers":
1, from noon on weeding day. When weeding in the afternoon, the scorching sun is full of rustic heat, and its "agriculture" can be "cherished".
2. Sweat drips down the bearing soil. "It is already noon" and weeding, naturally sweating like rain, not as good as wiping, its feelings are sad, but the problem.
3. Who knows the Chinese food on the plate? The partial pen and ink suddenly turned from the "field" to the dining table at home and to people's hearts to write. This "who", of course, is not a farmer, but those who are not diligent, don't care about food, and don't know the difficulties of crops. This "knowledge" asks common sense and common sense, and it is a good question to force out the theme. Rotation is also wonderful and natural.
4. Every grain is hard to get together. Point out the theme. From "weeding" to mature "five grains", "hard work" runs through the whole process, and so does the topic.
2. What do you mean by "initiation, inheritance, transformation and combination" in poetry?
"From inheritance to integration" is one of the ways of poetry structure summarized by poetry writers in past dynasties, and it is the embodiment of poetry writers' creative experience. It was first put forward by Fan Zi in Yuan Dynasty. So, what is the transition from inheritance to integration? The so-called "qi" is the beginning. After "Qi", "Cheng" is the continuation of the next level, including sequential connection, reverse connection, analogy, and even has the function of connecting the preceding with the following. "Turn" is the continuation of "Qi", which pushes the content to a higher level and turns out his meaning. "He" is the end of the poem, that is, the end of the poem.
3. Find the connection between ancient poetry and prose.
Qǐchéng Zhuán hé explained the terms of the structure and composition of poetry writing.
"Start" is the beginning; "Cheng" is a representative of the above; "Turn" is a turning point, which is demonstrated from front to back; "He" is the end of the full text. (2) Metaphorical transition when speaking.
(3) metaphor fixed dull, affectation. Chu Yuan Vander's poetic style: "There are four ways to write a poem: straight up, spring, change and harmony."
Comprehensive application of law; As predicate and object; The widely quoted practice in the article is Lao She's Camel Xiangzi: "Everyone talks in it, but there is no trace ~" Synonym is a basic structural method of the work.
Liu Xizai, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty in China, said in "An Introduction to Literature and Art": "The four words of beginning, inheritance, transformation and combination, beginning, bottom and combination; Those who are combined, close, and even together; You can balance interests and interests in the middle. " The relationship between inheritance and transformation is that there is a combination at the beginning and a combination at the end, which is an echo from beginning to end, while inheritance and transformation are both combined, and they are in the same strain.
Therefore, the four are interdependent, interactive, logical and dialectical. It's better to start with the pen, or cut to the chase, or thought-provoking, or eye-catching, with great changes, naturally better; If you undertake or start the reverse connection, or start the reverse connection, it is best to be smooth. The turning point after starting a business, or one turn, two turns, three turns, four turns ... The more twists and turns, the better the hall. Ending is the ending, or clearly revealing the theme, or intriguing, or inspiring people's reverie, in order to win strongly.
China's ancient metrical poems are often used, inherited and combined. The "first couplet" of metrical poems is also called "starting couplet" and "arranging couplet".
Writing is to take the beginning, or write scenery, or lyrical, with a gentle tone, naturally connected with the upper part, not loose. The first couplet only summarizes the general idea, and the writer must point out the meaning of the question before opening the next couplet.
Emperor Wen of Sui, a poet of Yuan Dynasty in China, said in The Number of Poets' Legalists: "Couplets: either freehand brushwork, or scenery, or things, things and quotations. This couplet must be connected, and it must be like a dragon ball. "
The "neck couplet" echoes the pen, inherits the "parallel couplet", rolls up and down, ups and downs, and avoids straightforward narration. Emperor Wen of Sui's "Poet Legalists" also said: "Neck couplets, or freehand brushwork, write scenery, write things, use things and quote.
Corresponding to avoid the meaning of the former association, and change, such as thunder breaking the mountain, the viewer is amazed. "There are three ways to turn the pen: step forward, step back, and then step back.
The general requirement is that the pen should be able to communicate before and after, lively and not sluggish. For example, Du Fu's "Spring Hope": Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever, and the vegetation will be broken.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. After the first couplet and the parallel couplet wrote the An Shi Rebellion, the Spring City was defeated, and the use of the neck couplet reached a new level. In fact, the serious consequences of the Anshi Rebellion are still related to aging, mellow echo and harmony.
Turn the pen and push, one step away, such as Ren Ren's "However, China has our friendship and the sky is our neighbor", which has become a famous sentence through the ages. The end of the couplet is to comfort Du Shaofu.
The style is relaxed, lively and natural, the pen is echoed, and the ups and downs are perfect. Inverted sentences are written from the opposite side, compared before and after, creating contrast and arousing curiosity.
For example, Wang Anshi's "Showing the Long Word Jun". Combination of head and tail, various methods, so I won't repeat them one by one.
Such is the law of poetry, and so is ancient paper. Su Xun's Theory of Six Kingdoms consists of five paragraphs: the first paragraph is a general introduction, the second paragraph is a positive inheritance, the third paragraph is a six-turn (both a detour to the second paragraph and a long-term inheritance to the first paragraph), and the fourth paragraph is a light turn-turning to comprehensive reasoning to draw a conclusion.
The last paragraph of the article ends with an exclamation point. Throughout the whole article, it is very clear and natural.
The method of ancient poetry is inherited by modern people. Ma Ji's cross talk "New Idiom" and Comrade Deng's "Congratulations to Zhang Xueliang's 90th birthday" also adopted this method.
Crosstalk New Idiom is divided into four parts: pad talk, spoon handle, positive work and bottom. These four parts have distinct levels and play a connecting role.
The first part is "cushion words". "Pad talk" is the preface, just like the "preface" in the novel.
Its function is to get into the theme and catch the audience. The "cushion" of this cross talk.
This is "up". Part II: Spoon Handle.
This is a transition. It is a bridge connecting the past and the future-connecting the preceding with the following.
After "shaking" off the "burden" in "pad talk", through asking and answering, this paper puts forward the characteristics of idioms and touches on the theme. The third part: "Zhenggong" is the main body of cross talk, and it is the most basic and important part of the overall structure of cross talk.
The fourth part: "bottom". "Bottom" is the end of cross talk and the last "burden" of "positive work".
It is often both the ending of the story and the final evaluation of the problem. It often ends at the strongest part of the joke waterfall, and the comedy effect is strong and fascinating.
Comrade Deng's congratulatory letter to Zhang Xueliang's ninetieth birthday is also four paragraphs, and this method is also used. The first paragraph: Celebrate Mr. Zhang's 90th birthday.
This is the rise. The second paragraph: follow the previous paragraph and highly praise Mr. Wang's historical achievements.
The third paragraph: As soon as the topic changed, I happily concluded that the long-term isolation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait has passed, and I eagerly look forward to "reunifying the motherland and rejuvenating the great cause of China". The fourth paragraph: stick to the main idea of the letter, wish Mr. Wang a long and healthy life and look forward to meeting him again.
True, sincere and touching. The congratulatory letter is only a few hundred words. First, congratulate Zhang Xueliang on his birthday, then praise his historical achievements, then look forward to the great cause of the motherland's reunification, and finally express my deep wishes. The four paragraphs are connected and continued, and the writing style is naturally cordial and smooth.
The connecting structure is also commonly used in words, fu, music, prose, novels and so on.
4. How to use "connecting the preceding with the following" in poetry?
In fact, modern people don't care much about these things when writing poems.
Generally, imitating ancient poems pays more attention to rhyme. Now many new poems are good, and many lyrics are beautiful poems themselves. After all, modern people still use modern things.
Little eleven wolves should be transferred from the internet. In fact, the beginning is the beginning, and everything is difficult at the beginning. Therefore, if the beginning is not good, the poetic situation will be even worse.
You can also start a poem according to your own preferences, or say something else first and then move on to what you want to say later. For example, "Guan Guan dove is in Hezhou."
A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman. ",you can also directly say what you want me to say, and write directly, such as" leading an actress, a beautiful girl, a delicate hand and a firm machine all the way to express.
There is no chapter all day, and tears are pouring down. What's the difference between a clear river and a shallow one? Between water and water, there are no words. "
But it doesn't seem to be directly said, something like that. As for inheritance, that is to say, some things follow, such as "Guan Guan chicken and pigeon, in Hezhou."
A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman. ",is to use the river to undertake bird calls, and then talk about the woman by the river.
As for the turning point, some poems have it, some don't necessarily have it, or it is not obvious. This turning point can be understood as an expression of the center of the article. Some directly follow the previous content, which is natural, while others are somewhat different. Even from irrelevant things, of course, they are not all irrelevant, but also internally related.
As for the combination, it is actually over. Of course, the best thing is to make the finishing point, and the worst thing is to have a happy ending.
If you want to ask the standard answer, Xiaoshiyi's should be better than mine. If you want to write poetry, don't pay too much attention to that. Ancient poems are useless now.
5. Analysis of ancient poetry from beginning to end
1, "Qi" is the beginning.
A good beginning can often play the role of connecting the preceding with the following and guiding the whole article. The first couplet of Du Fu's poem "Ascending the Mountain", "The apes crow in the wide sky and the birds return to the blue lake and white sand", begins with six unique images of autumn-fierce wind, whistling apes in the high sky, bamboo, white sand and birds-and depicts a bleak and cold Qiu Jingtu of the Three Gorges, which sets a low-key tone for the whole poem.
There are various forms of the beginning, which can be summarized as direct, statement, foil and rhetoric.
(1) Straight through means straight to the point.
For example, Du Fu's "The banks of the Yellow River are recaptured by the imperial army", and the news is in this distant West Station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat. Is to start from a straight line
(2) A statement refers to a statement that causes the following situations in terms of time, place, environment or the cause of things.
Such as Li Shangyin's untitled "Last night's star, last night's wind, in the west of the studio, east of the cinnamon room." Is the beginning of the statement.
(3) contrast refers to the contrast of things or environment, in order to contrast the atmosphere and highlight the theme.
For example, Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Ocean" "Once you encounter hard work, there will be fewer stars around you." The couplets describe the current situation of national turmoil and wars at that time, rather than the theme of this poem. However, the poet used this as a foreshadowing, which enhanced the poet's sigh of his bumpy experience and ups and downs, and highlighted the theme of the poet's upright and patriotic feelings.
(4) A rhetorical question begins with a rhetorical question or rhetorical question.
For example, Lu Xun's "Self-mockery" "What do you want from the canopy? I have never dared to turn over and have encountered it. " This is the beginning. Give another example.
6. How to understand the beginning, inheritance, transformation and combination in poetry?
Transitional structure is a basic structural method of works. Liu Xizai, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty in China, said in "An Introduction to Literature and Art": "The four words of beginning, inheritance, transformation and combination, beginning, bottom and combination; Those who are combined, close, and even together; You can balance interests and interests in the middle. "
The relationship between inheritance and transformation is that there is a combination at the beginning and a combination at the end, which is an echo from beginning to end, while inheritance and transformation are both combined, and they are in the same strain. Therefore, the four are interdependent, interactive, logical and dialectical.
It's better to start with the pen, or cut to the chase, or thought-provoking, or eye-catching, with great changes, naturally better; If you undertake or start the reverse connection, or start the reverse connection, it is best to be smooth. The turning point after starting a business, or one turn, two turns, three turns, four turns ... The more twists and turns, the better the hall. Ending is the ending, or clearly revealing the theme, or intriguing, or inspiring people's reverie, in order to win strongly.
China's ancient metrical poems are often used, inherited and combined. The "first couplet" of metrical poems is also called "starting couplet" and "arranging couplet". Writing is to take the beginning, or write scenery, or lyrical, with a gentle tone, naturally connected with the upper part, not loose. The first couplet only summarizes the general idea, and the writer must point out the meaning of the question before opening the next couplet. Emperor Wen of Sui, a poet of Yuan Dynasty in China, said in The Number of Poets' Legalists: "Couplets: either freehand brushwork, or scenery, or things, things and quotations. This couplet must be connected, and it must be like a dragon ball. " The "neck couplet" echoes the pen, inherits the "parallel couplet", rolls up and down, ups and downs, and avoids straightforward narration. Emperor Wen of Sui's "Poet Legalists" also said: "Neck couplets, or freehand brushwork, write scenery, write things, use things and quote. Avoid the former alliance and change it. If the thunder breaks the mountain, the viewer will be amazed. " There are three ways to turn the pen: advance one layer, push one layer and reverse.
The general requirement is that the pen should be able to communicate before and after, lively and not sluggish. For example, Du Fu's "Spring Hope":
Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the spring grass is deep.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
After the first couplet and the parallel couplet wrote the An Shi Rebellion, the Spring City was defeated, and the use of the neck couplet reached a new level. In fact, the serious consequences of the Anshi Rebellion are still related to aging, mellow echo and harmony. Turn the pen and push, one step away, such as Ren Ren's "However, China has our friendship and the sky is our neighbor", which has become a famous sentence through the ages. The end of the couplet is to comfort Du Shaofu. The style is relaxed, lively and natural, the pen is echoed, and the ups and downs are perfect. Inverted sentences are written from the opposite side, compared before and after, creating contrast and arousing curiosity. For example, Wang Anshi's "Showing the Long Word Jun". Combination of head and tail, various methods, so I won't repeat them one by one.
Such is the law of poetry, and so is ancient paper. Su Xun's Theory of Six Kingdoms consists of five paragraphs: the first paragraph is a general introduction, the second paragraph is a positive inheritance, the third paragraph is a six-turn (both a detour to the second paragraph and a long-term inheritance to the first paragraph), and the fourth paragraph is a light turn-turning to comprehensive reasoning to draw a conclusion. The last paragraph of the article ends with an exclamation point. Throughout the whole article, it is very clear and natural.
The method of ancient poetry is inherited by modern people. Ma Ji's cross talk "New Idiom" and Comrade Deng's "Congratulations to Zhang Xueliang's 90th birthday" also adopted this method.
Crosstalk "New Idiom" is divided into four parts: pad talk, ladle handle, positive work and bottom. These four parts have distinct levels and play a connecting role.
The first part is "cushion words". "Pad talk" is the preface, just like the "preface" in the novel. Its function is to get into the theme and catch the audience. The "cushion" of this cross talk. This is "up".
Part II: Spoon Handle. This is a transition. It is a bridge connecting the past and the future-connecting the preceding with the following. After "shaking" off the "burden" in "pad talk", through asking and answering, this paper puts forward the characteristics of idioms and touches on the theme.
The third part: "Zhenggong" is the main body of cross talk, and it is the most basic and important part of the overall structure of cross talk.
The fourth part: "bottom". "Bottom" is the end of cross talk and the last "burden" of "positive work". It is often both the ending of the story and the final evaluation of the problem. It often ends at the strongest part of the joke waterfall, and the comedy effect is strong and fascinating.
Comrade Deng's congratulatory letter to Zhang Xueliang's ninetieth birthday is also four paragraphs, and this method is also used.
The first paragraph: Celebrate Mr. Zhang's 90th birthday. This is the rise.
The second paragraph: follow the previous paragraph and highly praise Mr. Wang's historical achievements.
The third paragraph: As soon as the topic changed, I happily concluded that the long-term isolation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait has passed, and I eagerly look forward to "reunifying the motherland and rejuvenating the great cause of China".
The fourth paragraph: stick to the main idea of the letter, wish Mr. Wang a long and healthy life and look forward to meeting him again. True, sincere and touching.
The congratulatory letter is only a few hundred words. First, congratulate Zhang Xueliang on his birthday, then praise his historical achievements, then look forward to the great cause of the motherland's reunification, and finally express my deep wishes. The four paragraphs are connected and continued, and the writing style is naturally cordial and smooth.
The connecting structure is also commonly used in words, fu, music, prose, novels and so on.