Wei and Jin Dynasties: Cao Pi
Another day is easy, mountains and rivers are long and the road is long.
Yu Taojun didn't dare to speak, and sent the cloud back.
Tears and tears ruin the face, and no one can worry without sighing.
Show poems and sing songs to praise yourself, and joy will bring sorrow and destroy the lungs and liver.
I couldn't sleep with my pillow, so I put on my clothes and went outside.
Looking up at the stars and the moon clouds, the pigeons take off in the morning and sing pitifully. You can't accompany me.
Translation and annotation
translate
It's easy to break up, but it's so difficult to meet. It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan, and we live far apart. I miss him so much that I gather my worries, but I dare not speak out. I want to send an inquiry letter by floating clouds to solve my homesickness, but the floating clouds are gone forever. Staying in Lacrimosa all day makes my face age quickly. With all your troubles in your heart, who can't help sighing alone! Only by singing thoughtful Ge Yanxing can we talk about it, but the joy will not last long and the sadness will continue. It's late at night, and I'm too worried to sleep. I have to get dressed and wander around the atrium. Looking up at the stars around the moon, people are not reunited. In the poor morning fog, flying pigeons make bursts of chirping, and lingering can't comfort you.
To annotate ...
Party day: the date of the party.
Yu Tao (yáo): Sorrow gathers.
Rainy face: Tears streaming down her face.
Poetry exhibition: To show or sing poetry.
Sadness: It means you are still full of dirty words.
Cloud: refers to the sky.
Flying horseshoe crab (cāng): namely horseshoe crab, a common black-pillow oriole in China.
Gu Huai: Caring for nostalgia.
Distinguish and appreciate
Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing has a long reputation in the history of poetry, but he has always attached great importance to his bleak autumn wind, but paid little attention to this one. In fact, they are a pair of Shuang Bao, and their views are more tolerant.
The first part begins with the feeling of "frost falling on the tree" and "swallows and mandarin fish returning to the south". The time sequence involves the return of birds, and then the return of birds involves the long stay of thinkers. "Love moves with things, words are sent with feelings", and the song is coming. This song is consistent with its theme and feelings, but the idea is to start a new stove. "Only expressing emotion in oneself is beneficial to things" (Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua") is true and true.
As soon as this character appeared, he blurted out that "another day is easier than another", which seemed complicated but was not considered. Combined with the previous article "I miss you, but I can't forget you when you are worried", this sentence is saturated with the meaning of missing, and the words "missing" and "caring" have been subverted at this point, which is confusion and emotion-"meeting late", that is, "meeting late". Life is bound by livelihood, and sometimes we live far apart. As for the turmoil at the end of the Han Dynasty, the phenomenon that "I have lived alone for more than ten years" (Cao Zhi's Seven Sorrow) is actually a common thing. For those who miss women in the room, they are full of complaints and grievances. After the last "thinking" and "thinking", this poem took over, without thinking, that is, expressing the heart, one; Secondly, it is not easy to meet each other from the "meeting day" in front of us, which breeds the feeling of regretting "it will not be easy one day" and breaking up in a hurry, but "regretting teaching my husband to find the seal"; Third, in the past, we broke up in a hurry, content to meet each other soon, but there was no hope of turning back, which reflected the meaning of "it was not easy to meet each other" and "it was a pity to meet each other late". Worry and expectation, disappointment and regret, sadness and disappointment are combined into one sentence, which produces the following endless emotions, which can be described as "well-founded", which is the end of an article and the foundation of the beginning. The second sentence "the mountains and rivers are long, and the road is long" is translated into the meaning of "the road is long, and it's Xiu Yuan, and it's safe when you meet" in Nineteen Ancient Poems. This is a distant representation from space, which means "what is the difficulty of the meeting?" This is the same as the last article, which uses seasonal phenology to set off the separation of women who have been thinking for a long time, with the same intention, but different ideas. These two sentences are the main idea of this poem: "If you don't return to work, the beauty will complain" (Jason Wu's Interpretation of Yuefu Ancient Poems), from which Li Shangyin's famous sentence "Time was long before I met her, but it was longer after we parted" was born.
The mountain is long and the road is far, and the sky is far apart. When you think of your wife alone, you will naturally "think of you" or even "Yu Tao"-you will gather your thoughts. It is human nature to "run away from home and be sad to death". With this deep concern, it is necessary to send a message and talk about it. However, since the "four kings of Yu Tao", why did they "dare not speak"? This sentence is similar to the old saying "Yueren Song": "There are trees on the mountain and branches on the wood. I wonder if I like you." It means that you have a heart, but you are thousands of miles away. You want to see it, but you can't get it. How can anyone who thinks about it know? In Cao Pi's own words, it is "I am lonely, and I am separated from this." Worried about guilt, I can know "("short song "). "Don't dare to speak" means you won't speak, which is the same as the previous article "Don't dare to speak if you are worried about your future". Can't meet each other, can't tell each other, it has produced the meaning of "fish and geese know books and be reasonable" and bluebird exploring the secluded place. Some people think that the sent inquiry book is like a floating cloud, floating without a trace. The third part of Xu Wo's Thinking about Rooms has the same meaning: "What a cloud, I hope I can understand what I said. You can't send it, you will miss it. " This is a qualitative look at "floating clouds". Take a look at "sleeping on your pillow". The "floating clouds" seem to be empty-compared with the wanderers, so this sentence is to "send a sound" to the wanderers in the distance, but the echo is abrupt and there is no response. An old poem in Li Ling's Bieshi says, "Look up at the clouds, and choose suddenly and cross each other. The storm is not over, and each is in the sky. " Tao Qi 'ai said, "I can't move mountains if the clouds are uncertain. "Take a similar meaning. Here, the wanderer sent a book but didn't return it, which gathered a lot of confusion and doubts about his wife: the active servicemen were arrogant and the war was urgent; Still undecided, "I will be hired (asked)"; Still infected with the disease; Still injured ... all these worries and suspense have injected this sentence. At this time, let's look back at the last sentence "I didn't dare to speak", and there are many anxieties and worries lurking in it.
This endless huge psychological load is getting more and more serious. When you are lonely, disappointed or even desperate, you will feel that your youth has disappeared and your face is dull. "Tears ruin your face" is a manifestation of depression and sadness. This melancholy makes people old, and the next words are inexplicable. "I don't sigh alone" and "I dare not speak" before the photo returns. I have a lot on my mind, but I really need to say it, but I dare not say it. I want to vomit and swallow, but I can't complain. I just sigh and sigh, and my sadness, anxiety and worry are obvious. When the two sentences are put together, I know that I am worried about hurting people, but I am still worried. This is the original intention of "thinking about Bo, willing to take the first disease" ("Book of Songs Feng Wei Bo Xi"), but it is straightforward. These two sentences are first suppressed and then promoted, and the feelings are full of twists and turns, ups and downs, and the contrast is doubled. From the first sentence to this point, from the perspective of psychological display, the image of a disgruntled and sad woman is portrayed.
If people feel annoyed, worried and uneasy, they need to eliminate emotional turmoil intellectually and seek psychological balance, so that their anguish will dissipate. The seventh sentence "Spreading Poems and Singing Songs" is a poem "Ge Yanxing", which is about missing women and singing softly about people. This is the first measure for the protagonist to talk about himself. However, happiness lasts for a long time, and sadness follows. As the last article said, "If you help the piano sing strings, you can't sing short songs for a long time." The sound of the piano in the Qing dynasty was terrible, especially the oratorio without the accompaniment of silk and bamboo. Both of them are "extremely happy and sad", adding to their worries. It's called "raising a glass to make you feel better".
If you are deeply worried and cannot be solved by many parties, you will toss and turn. The sentence "I'm worried about my pillow" means that I'm losing sleep. Bitter, still full of words. At this time, the long night is the most distressing time for pregnant people. This sentence is not only the disturbance of the previous sentence "destroying the lungs and destroying the liver", but also implies a subtext-or a continuation of "tears streaming down your face". This is to paraphrase the meaning of "If you are worried, if you have hidden worries" in the Book of Songs White Boat. What can't sleep is "compassion" and "sadness comes from the heart". Walking around the atrium in clothes is another helpless measure for thinking women to "talk to themselves". Standing in the dissolved moonlight, thinking of flying far away. These three sentences "can't sleep"-"go out"-"full moon" come one after another, and the obvious level shows the extension and loss of the night. The sentence "looking up" is calm and silent, but combined with the next sentence "early bird singing", the meaning of "flowing west" has been wrapped inside. As the reader can imagine, there is a deep sigh intermittently from the beautiful image of thinking woman "looking up", because the sentence "Who can worry but not sigh alone" is so impressive. Not only that, because she "looks up" at the bright moon, she will naturally think that she will bend her head and think hard. The stars look around the moon, which is a lack of people. Liu Miaorong's "Wan Zhuan Ge" has "Wish to be a star and Han, light and shadow wander * * *" (see Wu Jun's "Continued Harmony"), which is the same as this poem. Isn't this what the Tang people call "parting from sorrow, one-night lovesickness"? This meaning can be seen from the next sentence "birds sing in the morning" It is more understandable that the birdsong in the morning fog at dawn in the long night arouses the pity of the homesick woman who lingers in the atrium all night. "Show poems and sing songs"-but singing is difficult to continue, "step up" and "look up"-the stars and the moon increase their sadness, but they can't comfort them in the end. All kinds of measures can't soothe bitter grief, but aggravate the feeling of loneliness and self-injury.
Cao Pi is a master of romance, and is good at expressing delicate feelings. He likes to use a feminine tone to form a "feminine" style. The first sentence, the third sentence and the fourth sentence of this poem have levels. For example, the fourth sentence is full of distress and hope, but it "makes a sound" but "goes to the sea and never returns". The former is displayed as a layer, and the latter is hidden when it is collected. Between ups and downs, it shows the thought of the room, and the flow is progressive, which deepens the emotion. This zigzag effect is also formed between seven or eight sentences; Furthermore, a series of negative sentence patterns such as "dare not say", "never come back", "never sigh", "can't sleep" and "can't save" are used, forming a wavy line with ups and downs, meandering and reciprocating emotions. Every time it goes back and forth, it bends deeply, forming emotional ripples. This combination of layering and fluidity exudes the penetrating power of "sneaking into the night with the wind and moistening things silently". If there is a flow, it becomes uncertain, and if there are twists and turns, it is "the sound stops and the feelings are smooth, and the feelings are lost", which has a strong and graceful charm.
Wang Fuzhi's Selected Poems on Chuanshan compares Cao Pi's Yuefu to "Zhang Le is in the wild, and it is also evaluated from the perspective of" those who mourn are calm, and those who mourn will be allowed ".The poem is moderate.