The expressive technique of poetry is one of the artistic techniques of poetry. If you are asked what means of expression to use in the exam, you can only answer narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation.
Let's talk about the artistic techniques of poetry first.
Artistic skills of poetry
1, expression:
Poetry mainly uses narration, description, discussion and lyric, among which description and lyric are the key points. Different description methods, such as dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination; Yes (lyrical way? There are two main ways: direct lyric and indirect lyric. ) Express your feelings directly, express your feelings through the scenery, cherish your feelings in the scenery, and blend the scenes. Because scenery is full of feelings, all scenery words are emotional words.
2, structural form:
The structural form of poetry, the common concern from beginning to end, comes straight to the point, goes deep at different levels, generalizes first and then divides, scenery first and then feelings, and then shows one's ambition, transition, bedding and foreshadowing.
3. Rhetoric:
The main rhetorical devices are duality, metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, parallelism, repetition and symbol.
4. Writing skills:
Writing skills include: Fu Bi's arousing, setting off, comparing, rendering, expressing ambition, making the finishing point, seeing the big picture from the small, trying to promote before suppressing, associating imagination and reversing word order.
Therefore, if you ask the artistic technique of poetry in the exam, the scope of the answer will be wider.
Poetry can be expressed in the following ways:
China's ancient poems comprehensively used the expressive techniques, rhetorical techniques and traditional techniques of Chinese painting. Therefore, when appreciating the expressive techniques (expressive skills) of poetry, we should consider the above three situations. The following are elaborated separately.
First of all, the expression of the article is applied to the expression of poetry.
There are five ways to express the article: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. The expression "explanation" is not used in poetry. Try to discuss the other four.
1
Narrative techniques such as cadence, death and ambition are often applied to poetry. Give me an example.
A Park Not Worth Visiting (Song Dynasty) Ye Shaoweng.
Perhaps my master was worried that my wooden shoes trampled his precious moss and tapped Chai Men lightly, but no one opened it for a long time. But this spring spring, after all, can't be caged. Look, there is a pink apricot sticking out of the wall.
This poem expresses the disappointment of rejection first, and then writes unexpected surprises. Visiting the park seems worthless, but it's actually worth it.
Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? It is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations. But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
The first four sentences of the poem describe the typical scenery of the ancestral temple, the fifth and sixth sentences highly summarize the achievements of Zhuge Liang's life, and the last two sentences write the purpose of this search, which is a pity for Zhuge Liang's unsuccessful career and a feeling that he can't serve the country. Zhang Xianzhi, pawn.
describe
Description is applied to poetry, mainly including environmental description, appearance description, action description, psychological description, detail description, frontal description and profile description. But these descriptions sometimes cross each other. Give a few examples.
Dian Jiang Lip (Song) Li Qingzhao
Swing on the swing, too lazy to rub delicate hands. Beside her, the thin Germany hung with crystal dew, and the sweat on her chest permeated with the thin silk robe.
Suddenly, a guest came. She was desperate. She walked away without shoes, only wearing socks, and even the gold pin on her head fell off. And ashamed to go. Looking back at the door, Wen Qingmei.
The whole poem describes the appearance and movements of the girl on the swing. But the last three sentences are particularly subtle. While writing about the girl's appearance and movements, she also wrote about the girl's complex psychology of being shy and wanting to meet people. At the same time, the action of "sniffing green plums" is described in detail. Subtle plots often have a greater role, especially in poetry.
Juvenile Li Bai (Tang)
Wuling teenager, Jinshi Dong, silver saddle and white horse with spring breeze. Where to swim when the flowers bloom? Laugh into Hu Ji's wine shop.
The scene of a handsome young man returning from a spring outing and getting drunk is vivid. This is purely a positive description.
Photographed in the (Tang) Wang family.
At the foot of the goose lake, the rice is plump and the finless porpoise is half covered. It's getting late, the shadow of mulberry trees is getting longer and longer, the spring feast is gradually dispersed, and the drunkard goes home happily with the help of his family.
The first two sentences describe the holding environment of the social day positively, and the third sentence points out the end time of the social day. The last sentence is particularly well written. On the surface, it describes the scene of many people getting drunk, but in fact it describes the lively scene of social day from a side perspective. This sentence not only fills the blank that there is no positive description of the social scene, but also takes care of the joy of writing bumper harvest at the beginning. Here, the combination of front description and side description is adopted.
Feng Yansi Bridge Jinmen (Nantang)
The spring breeze suddenly started and blew out a pool of clear water. Nothing was done. The believers in the pool folded the apricot flowers and crushed them gently on the path among the flowers.
The duck is lonely, and the jade scratches its head obliquely. All day long, Wang Jun didn't come. He looked up and smelled the magpie.
This word uses a variety of descriptive techniques. The beginning of the word describes the environment like this: the spring breeze stirs the water in the pool and stirs the hearts of homesick women. The next two sentences are action descriptions, describing a woman listlessly playing with Yuanyang on a path full of flowers, casually rubbing apricot flowers in her hand. "Holding an almond flower in hand" is a detailed description, and the word "eight" shows the boredom of this matter incisively and vividly. The first two sentences of the next chapter describe a lonely young woman who has no intention of combing her hair by her movements and appearance. Writing here that young women have no intention of combing their hair is actually a psychological description of depression that no one appreciates. The last two sentences are both descriptions of appearance and psychology. I guess my husband is about to return to China, and his joy is beyond words.
express/convey one's emotions
Lyricism includes direct lyric (direct expression of mind) and indirect lyric. Indirect lyricism can be divided into three types: borrowing scenery to express emotion, using allusion to express emotion, and borrowing things to express emotion. Give examples.
Nanyuan (Tang)
Why didn't the great man take weapons to collect the fifty States of the mountain? If you are a scholar Wan Huhou, please go to Lingyange temporarily.
In the poem, Li He directly expressed his feelings of wanting to make contributions without affectation, which is a typical straightforward expression.
San Lv Temple (Tang) Dai Shulun
Yuan Xiang keeps flowing, why does Qu Zi complain? Autumn wind rises at dusk, and maple trees whisper.
The first two sentences of the poem say that Qu Yuan's resentment is as endless as the water in the source incense. The last two sentences are based on the scenery, which makes people deeply appreciate. The author wrote deep sadness with the bleak scenery of autumn wind. Is it sympathy for Qu Yuan or sorrow for yourself?
Bo Qinhuai (Tang) Du Mu
At night, the smoke cage is cold water and sand cage, and parking near Qinhuai restaurant at night. Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river.
The last sentence of the poem is a lyrical allusion ("backyard flower" sings the story of national subjugation with Chen Houzhu's love for Zhang Lihua in the Southern Dynasties), satirizing the decadent life of dignitaries who don't care about the fate of the country. Wang Anshi's "Guizhixiang" words, "Today, strong women in business still often sing and leave songs in the backyard." Only Du Like Mu. Xin Qiji, a poet in the Song Dynasty, likes to use allusions most. The poems on fishing and water dragons that he learned in high school are all examples of lyricism.
Random thoughts on reading (Song) Zhu
Half an acre of square pond opened, and the sky was overcast. Why is the water in the pond so clear? Because there is inexhaustible living water for it.
Transplanting Song (Tang) Bao monk
Put your hand into Noda and bow your head to see the water in the sky. Six clean roots are rice, and retrogression is progress.
Fu (Song) Lu You
Broken bridge outside the post, lonely. It's dusk, and it's stormy.
I have no intention of striving for spring. Every group of people are jealous, and they are all smashed into mud and crushed into ashes. Only the fragrance remains unchanged.
The above three poems, that is, using the means of supporting objects to express their aspirations (supporting objects metaphor).
talk with each other
When discussion is applied to poetry, it is lyrical, and there is no need to talk about discussion in poetry appreciation. Poets in the Song Dynasty like to blend conversation into poetry. For example, the last two sentences of the book "Anger" by Lu You, a high school textbook, "A teacher shows his real world, who is better than in a thousand years." That is to say, lyric. Li He's South Garden was mentioned above. "Please go to LingYanGe temporarily. Are you a scholar Wan Huhou? " This is also usage.
Secondly, some commonly used rhetorical devices have become the expressive devices of poetry.
Rhetorical devices commonly used in poetry include metaphor, analogy, antithesis, contrast, rhetorical question, metonymy, exaggeration, pun and foil.
(Tang) He Zhangzhi
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries. I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
In this poem, jasper, silk tapestry and scissors are metaphors, and the spring breeze is personified.
Zhang Yixian Water Department (Tang) Zhu Qingyu
Last night, the candles in the bridal chamber were lit all night, waiting for dawn to worship the parents-in-law. Make-up, low eyebrow asked her husband, is it deep thrush?
Zhu Qingyu's poem was intended to ask Zhang Ji, a doctor of the Ministry of Water Resources, whether his article was good or bad, but he directly compared the relationship between the two people to that of husband and wife, and directly compared the examiner to his in-laws, making the poem easy to understand and vivid.
Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
This poem is regarded as a model of binary opposition. Rhyme originally only required that the two couplets in the middle be antithetical (dual). At this time, not only four couplets, but also the first couplet constitutes a sentence pair, that is, "Feng Ji" versus "Tiangao" and "Zhu Qing" versus "Sha Bai". Among them, the word "Qing" is borrowed as the antonym of "Qing" and "Sha Bai", which is called "borrowing". In Li Shangyin's poem "Mermaids shed tears in the green sea next month, and Lantian spits jade at the sun", and "Cang" is borrowed as "Cang" and "Blue", which is also "borrowing". Duality is the most common skill in poetry.
Li Bai, Vietnam's Visit to Ancient China (Tang Dynasty)
Gou Jian, the king of Yue, broke Wu Gui, and the soldiers went home. Maid-in-waiting is like a palace full of spring, but now only partridges can fly.
In this poem, the contrast between ancient and modern is obvious.
(Double Tone) Moon Song (Yuan) Aruvi
Who is the hero in the world? There is wine in Jiangdong, which is transverse to Tsao Gong; Purple covers the yellow flag, but it should be borrowed, Chibi Dongfeng;
Even more shocked by Wolong in Nanyang, he became famous in the Eight Arrays. Three points tripod, one point west Shu, one point east.
This poem begins with a question, who is the hero? Later answers: Cao Cao, Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang. Asking and answering questions is a setting problem.
Riri (Tang) Li Shangyin
In spring, the sun is shining and the apricot blossoms in the mountain city are fragrant. When is the mood turbid and the gossamer is a hundred feet long?
The last two sentences of this poem implicitly reveal the busy daily life of the poet "I didn't get on my horse until the drums called me to perform my duties, like a cut-off drifting grass" through rhetorical questions. The last sentence of Li He's poem "South Garden" mentioned above is "If you are a scholar Wan Huhou?" It also belongs to this rhetorical question.
Guo Yang (Song) Wen Tianxiang
Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.
The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean. Who hasn't died since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and follow history.
This poem uses four metonymies: the war for the war, the country of mountains and rivers, Dan Xin's patriotic feelings and historical history.
Exaggerated rhetoric is vividly expressed in Li Bai's Difficult Shu Dao, which is described as follows. Exaggeration is rendering.
Zhuzhici (Tang) Liu Yuxi
The willow-green river is wide and flat, and I heard the song of the river. Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny.
The word "sunny" in the last sentence of this poem is a pun. "Sunny" is the homonym of "love". The homonym of "rice" and "Tao" in the above-mentioned "Song of Transplanting Rice" is also a pun.
Bird Sound Stream (Tang Dynasty) Wang Wei
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
This poem uses the contrast of background to make it dynamic and quiet. In addition, for example, Wang Ji, a poet of the Southern Dynasties, wrote "Into the Ruoyexi River", "The cicada sings in the forest, and the Yingong Mountain is more secluded", "Flying around, I am not a sandpiper, in this vast world!" In Du Fu's A Night in a Foreign Country, this method is all used.