i (1) The teeth are aligned, the mouth is flat, and the tip of the tongue touches the back of the lower teeth, making the front of the tongue slightly raised.
u (house) has a pointed mouth, rounded lips leaving a small hole, and retracted tongue.
(V does not exist in Pinyin, the question should be ü)
The pronunciation of ü (silt) is basically the same as i. The tip of the tongue is pressed against the back of the lower teeth, but the lips are pinched together. Round, slightly protruding forward, with the tip of the tongue touching the back of the lower teeth. Imagine the sound made by the horseman in the TV series when he stops the horse
Reference:
Single vowel
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a (ah ) The mouth is open wide, the tongue is at the lowest position, and the back of the tongue is slightly raised.
o (oh) The mouth is round, the tongue is slightly retracted, and the back of the tongue is slightly raised (pronounced o, it is not the sound of ao, nor the sound of ou, see "Note" below for details).
e (goose) has a flat mouth, and the height of the tongue is roughly the same as that of o, except that the corners of the mouth are spread to both sides.
i (Yi) The teeth are aligned, the mouth is flat, and the tip of the tongue touches the back of the lower teeth, making the front of the tongue slightly raised.
U (Ukraine) has a pointed mouth, rounded lips leaving a small hole, and the tongue is retracted.
The pronunciation of ü (circumscribed) is basically the same as i. The tip of the tongue touches the back of the lower teeth, but the lips are rounded and slightly protruding forward. The tip of the tongue touches the back of the lower teeth.
Initial Consonant
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b (glass) The lips are closed to block the airflow, and then the lips are suddenly opened to allow the airflow to burst out and the vocal cords to vibrate.
The pronunciation position and method of p (poe) are the same as b, but the airflow is stronger than b and the vocal cords vibrate.
m (touch) Close the lips to block the air. When pronouncing, the airflow comes out of the nasal cavity and becomes a sound, and the vocal cords vibrate.
f (Buddha) The upper teeth touch the lower lip, forming a slit, allowing airflow to rub out from the slit and causing the vocal cords to vibrate.
d (get) The tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper gums, blocking the airflow, and then the tip of the tongue suddenly leaves, spitting out a weak airflow, and the vocal cords tremble.
The pronunciation position and method of t (special) are basically the same as d, except that the air flow is stronger.
n (Ne) The tip of the tongue presses against the upper gums, blocking the airflow, allowing the airflow to flow to the nasal cavity and out of the nostrils, and the vocal cords vibrate.
l (Le) The tip of the tongue presses against the upper gums, but is not full, allowing the airflow to come out from both sides of the tongue, and the vocal cords vibrate.
ɡ (Brother) The base of the tongue is raised against the soft palate, blocking the airflow, and then suddenly opened, spitting out a weak airflow, and the vocal cords tremble.
The place and method of pronunciation of k (family) are roughly the same as ɡ, except that the airflow is stronger.
h (drink) The base of the tongue is close to the soft palate, forming a slit, allowing airflow to rub out from the slit and causing the vocal cords to vibrate.
j (base) Lift the front of the tongue against the front of the hard palate, and then move the tongue slightly away to form a slit with the hard palate, allowing airflow to squeeze out of the slit and causing the vocal cords to vibrate.
The pronunciation position and method of q (bullying) are basically the same as j, except that the air flow is stronger.
x (Hellenic) The front of the tongue is raised close to the hard palate, forming a slit through which the airflow rubs out and the vocal cords vibrate.
z (Zi) Extend the tip of your tongue forward flatly, against the back of the upper teeth, hold your breath, and then leave the tip of your tongue slightly to form a slit, allowing the airflow to squeeze out and the vocal cords to vibrate.
The pronunciation position and method of c (times) are basically the same as z, except that the air flow is stronger.
s (Thinking) The tip of the tongue stretches forward flatly, close to the back of the upper teeth, forming a slit, allowing airflow to squeeze out, and the vocal cords vibrate.
zh (knowledge) The tip of the tongue is raised and pressed against the front of the hard palate (the part behind the upper gums), and then the tip of the tongue is slightly moved away, allowing the airflow to squeeze out from the slit, and the vocal cords vibrate.
The pronunciation position and method of ch (Chi) are roughly the same as zh, except that the airflow is stronger.
sh (poetry) The tip of the tongue is raised close to the front of the hard palate, forming a slit, allowing airflow to squeeze out, and the vocal cords vibrate.
r (Japanese) is pronounced in the same place and method as sh, but both sides of the tongue should be rolled up when pronouncing.
The sounds of y and i are similar, except that y is the initial consonant, which is pronounced more briskly; i is the final consonant, which is pronounced louder.
The sounds of w and u are similar, except that w is the initial consonant, which is pronounced more briskly; u is the final consonant, which is pronounced louder.
Compound vowels
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ai is pronounced as a first, and this a is in a forward position than when a is pronounced alone. After pronouncing a, the tongue slowly rises, the mouth slowly closes, and stops when it reaches the tongue position of i. There is a sliding process from a to i.
ei First pronounce the e sound, then slide towards i. When pronouncing e, the tongue position is further forward than when pronouncing e alone, and the pronunciation is louder.
ui is the combination of u and ei. When pronouncing it, the sound of u is pronounced first, followed by ei, and the shape of the mouth changes from round to flat.
Ao is pronounced first, with the tongue positioned further back than when a is pronounced alone, and it should be pronounced long and loud. Then the tongue is gradually raised, the mouth shape is closed and rounded, and a sound similar to u is made, which is soft. short.
ou first pronounces the sound o, and then gradually closes the lips to produce the sound u. The o is pronounced long and loud, and the u is pronounced short and vague.
iu is the combination of i and ou. When pronouncing it, pronounce i first, and then gradually transition the sound to u.
The mouth shape of u is wider than the single vowel u, and the tongue position is lower. The loudness of u is louder than that of i.
When pronouncing ie, start with i, then ê, with your mouth half-open and the breath in between. The pronunciation of e in ie is different from that of e pronounced alone. When e is pronounced as ê, the mouth is half-open, the corners of the mouth are spread, the tip of the tongue is against the back of the teeth, the tongue is forward, and the throat is strained.
When pronouncing üe, start from ü and then slide towards ê. The shape of the mouth changes from closed to half-open, with continuous breath in the middle. Here e is also pronounced ê.
When pronouncing er, e represents the position of the tongue during pronunciation, and r represents the tongue rolling movement. When pronouncing the single vowel e, curl your tongue against the hard palate to form er.
an en in un ün (front nasal vowel) consists of a vowel and a nasal coda. The final sound of the nasal sound is -n. When pronouncing -n, you should press the tip of your tongue against the upper gums and droop the soft palate to let the air flow out of the nasal cavity.
ang eng ing ong (post-nasal vowel)
ang is pronounced with a first, then the base of the tongue presses against the soft palate, and the airflow comes out of the nasal cavity.
eng pronounces e first, then the base of the tongue retracts, against the soft palate, and the airflow comes out of the nasal cavity.
ing: i is pronounced first, the tip of the tongue is downward, the tongue is retracted, the base of the tongue is raised and pressed against the soft palate, and the airflow comes out of the nasal cavity.
ong first pronounces o, then the tongue retracts, the tongue base moves closer to the soft palate, and the airflow comes out of the nasal cavity.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Chinese Pinyin Pronunciation