(1) Representative Theory. Democritus in ancient Greece first proposed that art originated from the imitation of nature.
2 god said. Beginning with Plato in ancient Greece, the emergence of poetry was interpreted as the attachment of God's inspiration to poets.
3 game theory. /kloc-Mazzoni in the 6th century advocated the theory of representation, and at the same time made public the view that "literature and art are games".
④ Theory of spiritual expression. Take art as the expression of human mind (including thoughts, emotions, etc.). ) has already appeared in ancient Greek philosophy.
(5) Witchcraft theory. /kloc-Vico, an Italian philosopher in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, first talked about the close relationship between primitive poetry and primitive religion; But he did not explicitly point out that poetry originated from witchcraft.
6. Labor theory. The view that art originated from labor obviously began with a group of ethnologists and art historians in the late19th century.
In addition to the above viewpoints, other theories about the origin of art have emerged since19th century. For example, French art historian Dana believes that the origin and development of literature and art are determined by three factors: race, environment and times. He and German anthropologist Laaser are called "social school"; British biologist Darwin believed that art (especially music) originated from the innate sexual attraction of birds and animals. The "sex theory" about the origin of this art has now been abandoned by most aestheticians. Marshak, a contemporary American prehistoric archaeologist, believes that the earliest art is the symbol system that primitive people record seasonal changes, and so on.
In China's ancient books, there are also many descriptions about the origin of art or primitive art, and China's ancient books agree that literature and art originated very early. Zheng Xuan in the Han Dynasty said in the preface to the Book of Songs: "Poetry is flourishing beyond the realm of emperors." Set "The Rise of Poetry" in the legendary Yu Shun era.
The views listed above are speculative assumptions and have not been recognized by academic circles. This is because they don't fully grasp the information, and everyone only grasps one side of the problem. Today, there are the following materials to study the origin of literature and art: ① prehistoric archaeological materials; (2) Ethnological data of existing primitive tribes; (3) the description of the origin of literature and art in ancient books; ④ Reference materials of children's art psychology. Comparatively speaking, prehistoric archaeological data are the most reliable. However, the original documents handed down orally, such as music, dance and other time arts, are extremely difficult to leave traces in prehistoric archaeological materials. Therefore, at the beginning of the 20th century, Australian aborigines, South African Bushmen, Eskimos (they are roughly equivalent to the fishing and hunting peoples in the Paleolithic Age), Asians in melanesians and Porini in the Pacific Islands, American Indians (they are roughly equivalent to the farming and herding peoples in the Neolithic Age), and ethnic minorities such as Oroqen, Ewenki, Wa, Naxi, Dulong, Nu and Bulang in China. In addition, myths, legends, ancient songs and epics handed down by various ethnic groups also have important reference value.
/view/9572 1.htm？ Fr = Aladdin