The names of "Ten Talented Scholars" were first found in Ji Xuan Collection by Yao, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, namely Li Duan, Lu Lun, Ji Zhongfu, Han Yi, Qian Qi, Si Kongshu, Miao Fa, Cui Yao, Geng Kun and Xia Houshen. They attracted the attention of the world because they participated in poetry and ode activities in Chang 'an in the early years of Dali, but their creative achievements were different and their strength was different. Qian Qi, for example, is recognized as one of the top ten gifted scholars because of his comprehensive talents and skillful poems. He and Liu Changqing are also called "Qian Liu". Li Duan is quick-witted and good at writing farewell poems for entertainment. Sikongshu sees through the world coldly, and there is always a sadness and depression in his poems; Han Yi, on the other hand, is keen on wealth and enterprising, and there are still some lingering rhymes in his poems. It is particularly worth mentioning that Lu Lun, who has been to the frontier fortress, has an open mind and a strong pen power. In his Song of Xia Sai, he wrote: "The forest is dark and the wind blows, but the general shoots arrows at night. The next morning, he found his white arrow deeply stuck in the hard rock. " He also said, "In the dim moonlight, wild geese are soaring, and the chief of the Tatars is fleeing in the dark. We chased them, and the horse was lightly burdened, and the snow burden of our bow and our sword. " There is no shortage of high-spirited momentum in writing about the border, and there is a aftertaste of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In addition, the "ten talents" all have poems reflecting the life of war. Although it is an objective record of looking on coldly, it is also deeply written.
The reason why the "Ten Talents" are equally famous is that their main creative tendencies are similar to their poetic styles. Most of their poems are based on harmony, and their basic themes are praising peace and prosperity, chanting mountains and rivers and longing for seclusion. They are no longer full of ideals of both sides like their predecessors in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Their real interest is not politics, but mountains and scenery. Most of the "ten gifted scholars" are good at writing farewell poems, and the descriptions of landscapes in poems are mostly poets' fantasies, not necessarily personal experiences, and it is easy to form stereotypes without sincere parting. In addition to singing for entertainment, their poems mainly focus on the details of daily life, natural scenery and worries about travel, expressing lonely and cold feelings, such as:
Things are melodious in the spring dream, and the years are lonely and sad. I advise you to save some of the banquet, a gift of a thousand miles is hard to come by. (Qian Qi's "The first bell goes to the east" evaluates things)
Late rain is more depressing than Fengcheng, and the rain is still small. Wen Jun stayed in Lindong all night, and he heard the sound of the lotus pond several times. (Li Duan's "Listening to the Rain and Sending Lu")
When you pass through customs, you will be touched by a petticoat, and the ancient battlefield was born in the wild. The shadows of the trees in the lonely village faint in the rain, and the bells in the distant temple bring the sunset. (Liu Lun's "Farewell with Brother Jin")
Fishing came back, but I was too lazy to tie the rope and let the fishing boat drift in the wind; At this time, the waning moon is already in the west, but I am sleeping soundly. Even if the wind blows at night and the boat is blown away by the wind, it just stops on the shallow shore of the reed catkin beach. (Sikong Shu's "Jiangcun is a thing")
In late spring, Chang 'an city is full of songs and dances, and countless flowers fall. The east wind of the Cold Food Festival blows on the willow trees in the royal garden. As night fell, the palace was busy lighting candles, and smoke drifted to the house of the prince and the marquis. (Han Yi's Cold Food Festival)
This kind of works are excellent mature works in the poems of "Ten Talents". In artistic expression, Xie Tiao is regarded as a Sect, pursuing elegance and idleness, and is good at sketching. Most of them are beautifully written. Although Liu Changqing's poems do not have a strong sense of loneliness, they always present a bleak atmosphere, which forms the unique emotional charm of Dali's poems.
The poems of "Ten Talented Scholars" are not too innovative in subject matter and content, and their elegant and free-spirited artistic pursuit is deeply influenced by the poetic styles of Wang and Meng in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which are in the same strain. And the prosperity of the wind of singing remuneration makes them deliberately pursue the stability of meter, the refinement of words and the novelty of poetry. As far as the form of poetry is concerned, the ten talented people in Dali are good at five-character poems, and their works are almost the same in style, without strong personality expression, but they have their own styles in the color of words and the composition of artistic conception. For example:
The music is quiet, but there is no drums of the water god. The river disappears, revealing several peaks, which are green and charming. (Qian Qi's "Xiangguling Se")
And the yellow leaves fall in the rain, just like the fate of the white-haired old man under the light. (When Cousin Lu Lun came to spend the night by Sikong Shu).
I saw a lone goose crossing the Milky Way, and I heard thousands of washing hammers on the rocks at night. (Han Yi's Autumn Night and Qin Cheng's Poems)
Expose the wet moss again, and the bright lamp shines on the yellow leaves. (Li Duan's "Guo Jiakou Yuan Zan Residence")
These poems all have a realistic tendency of pursuing precision and concreteness, and often feel and understand from the smallest details, and then realistically depict a small realm with a quiet charm. The poems written by "Ten Talented Scholars" have a characteristic of meticulous and realistic description, and the images are mostly composed of mountains and rivers, cold rain, fallen leaves, lamp shadows, cicadas and moss, which have a distant, cold and secluded realm. They are good at depicting subtle and quiet natural images, and outline the beautiful poetic scene of "painting in poetry" with one or two lines, but they often fail to form a coherent artistic conception. Some poems are obviously carved, because they pay too much attention to descriptive skills, and there are good sentences but no good articles.
Many poets in the Dali period felt ill-timed, and their specific mood and mood dominated the choice of poetic images, which were often sad, bleak and even bleak. Words with cool colors, such as autumn wind, fallen leaves, sunset glow and cold geese, which are commonly used in Liu Changqing's poems, can be found everywhere in the works of Ten Talents. For example, in Qian Qi's "I am studying in Taniguchi to give advice to Shi Yang", "You will like the new rain and bamboo, the sunset glow and the green hills". In Geng Kun's "Living in the South at the End of Summer", "The color of trees welcomes the old autumn, and the cicada sound is too thin." In Lu Lun's "On the way to Germany, I sent a letter to Li Jian", "The road is around Hanshan alone, and the moon is close to autumn water." This makes their poems as a whole give people a bleak and gloomy style impression. In addition, the "ten gifted scholars" like to write poems by drawing lines, and their loneliness is mostly expressed by describing images. The application of concrete descriptive images in poetry requires the poet to observe the objective world carefully, distinguish things carefully and then describe them vividly. Ten talented poets in Dali made a careful observation. Their eyes can go deep into the subtle corners ignored by poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and find some trivial and beautiful natural images that have not been written before, opening up a fresh poetic realm.