1. Common sense about ancient literature
Common sense about ancient literature 1. Common sense about ancient literature
1. Common sense about culture 1. Four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty: Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, King Luo Bin.
2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu, and Wu. 3. Four classic masterpieces: "A Dream of Red Mansions", "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", and "Journey to the West".
4. Four major folk legends: "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Meng Jiangnu", and "The Legend of the White Snake". 5. The world’s four greatest short story masters: Chekhov, Maupassant, Mark Twain, and O. Henry.
6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty. His poems are called Su Huang together with Huang Tingjian. 7. Ma Zhiyuan’s representative work of Sanqu, "Autumn Thoughts on Heavenly Pure Sands", is known as the ancestor of Qiusi.
8. Cao Xueqin read it for ten years and added and deleted five times to create the greatest realistic work "A Dream of Red Mansions" (also known as "The Story of the Stone") among Chinese classical novels. It is so popular that a branch of redology has emerged that specializes in studying the book. Redology has now become an important topic in the study of world literature. 9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern Chinese literature, and Chen Yi is known as the marshal poet; Zang Kejia is known as the earth poet because his poems are mostly about rural themes; Tianjian is praised as the drummer (drum poet) of the times by Wen Yiduo.
10. The three friends of Suihan: pine, bamboo and plum. 11. The Four Gentlemen of Flowers: Plum, Orchid, Bamboo, and Chrysanthemum.
12. The four friends of literati: piano, chess, calligraphy and painting. 13. The four treasures of the study: pen, ink, paper, and inkstone.
14. Sikuquanshu: Jing, Shi, Zi, Ji. 15. The six meanings of "The Book of Songs" refer to: wind, elegance, song (classification), fu, comparison, and xing (expression techniques).
16. Tang poetry, Song lyrics, Yuan opera, Ming and Qing novels. 17. Laurel, first place, first place, aspiration, first place: first.
18. Three cardinal principles and five constant principles: Three cardinal principles: the father is the guideline for the son, the king is the guideline for the ministers, and the husband is the guideline for the wife; the five constant principles are benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness. 19. The Four Books and the Five Classics are the main classics of Confucianism: the Four Books are the Analects, Mencius, Doctrine of the Mean, and Great Learning; the Five Classics refer to the Poetry, the Book, the Rites, the Yi, and the Spring and Autumn Annals.
20. Three Emperors: Emperor of Heaven, Emperor of Earth, Emperor of Human Beings or Fuxi, Nuwa, and Shennong; Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Tang Yao, and Yushun. 21. Hardware: gold, silver, copper, iron, tin.
22. Five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, and salty. 23. Five elements: metal, wood, water, fire and earth.
24. The eight methods of Yongzi means that Yongzi has eight strokes: dot, horizontal, vertical, left, nip, fold, hook and lift. 25. In ancient times, schools had names such as Xiang, Xu, and Taixue. The highest institution of learning in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was the Imperial College.
26. Three religions and nine streams: Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism; Nine streams: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalism, famous schools, Mohism, political strategists, miscellaneous schools, and farmers. 27. Ancient imperial examinations (from the Sui Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties): ① The Tongsheng Examination, also called the Tongsheng Examination, candidates regardless of age are called Tongsheng. After passing the examination, they will obtain the qualification of a student (scholar, husband), so that they can participate in the imperial examination .
② The rural examination was an examination held every three years in the provincial capitals during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Scholars participated. Those who passed the examination were called Juren, and the first was called Jie (jie). ③ The examination was an examination held every three years in the capital during the Ming and Qing dynasties. All provincial candidates and Imperial College students could take the examination. Three hundred were admitted as tribute scholars, and the first was named Huiyuan.
④The Imperial Examination is the highest-level examination in the imperial examination system. The emperor personally questions the tributes admitted in the Imperial Examination in the palace to determine the first place. The admissions are divided into three categories: first-level and third-level, which are given the title of Jinshi. The first-level is named Zhuangyuan (Dingyuan), the second is named second-place, and the third is named Tanhua. Together they are called the top three. The second-level students are given the title of being a Jinshi. ; Several names in the top three are given the title of being of the same Jinshi origin.
2. The best of Chinese literature 1. The earliest poetry collection is the Book of Songs; 2. The earliest patriotic poet is Qu Yuan; 3. The earliest pastoral poet is Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; 4. The earliest is also The most outstanding frontier poets are Gao Shi and Cen Shen of the prosperous Tang Dynasty; 5. The most outstanding bold poet in ancient times is Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty; 6. The most outstanding female poet in ancient times is Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty; 7. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times The poet is Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty; 8. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times is Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty; 9. The greatest realist poet in ancient times is Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty; 10. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times is Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty. ; 11. The most famous long mythological novel in ancient times is "Journey to the West" by Wu Chengen in the Ming Dynasty; 12. The most famous long historical novel in ancient times is "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty; 13. The earliest long novel about peasant uprisings in ancient times is Yuan Dynasty "Water Margin" by Shi Naian in the late Ming Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty; 14. The greatest realist novel in ancient times is "A Dream of Red Mansions" by Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty; 15. The most outstanding long satirical novel in ancient times is "The Scholars" by Wu Jingzi in the Qing Dynasty ; 16. The most outstanding collection of classical Chinese short stories in ancient times is "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" by Pu Songling in the Qing Dynasty; 17. The earliest quotation-style prose in ancient times is "The Analects of Confucius"; 18. The earliest ancient chronological history book with detailed records is "Zuo Zhuan" "; 19. The earliest biographical general history in ancient times is "Historical Records"; 20. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times is "The Inscription on the Humble Room" by Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty; 21. The greatest modern writer is Lu Xun; 22. The most outstanding modern novel It is "Midnight" by Mao Dun; 23. The most influential short story collection in modern times is "The Scream" by Lu Xun. 3. Common metonymic words 1. Sangzi: hometown 2. Taoli: student 3. Sheji, Xuanyuan: country 4. Nanguan: prisoner 5. Classmate: classmate 6. Beacon smoke: war 7. Heroine: woman 8. Silk and bamboo: music 9. Men: men 10, Chanjuan, Chang'e: moon 11, siblings: brothers 12, history: annals 13, husband and wife: husband and wife 14, white man, commoner: common people 15, hunchback, yellow hair: old man 16, mulberry: farming 17, support, Chubby: child 18, three feet: law 19, below the knee: parents 20, canopy: luck 21, letter, slip, note, wild goose, letter: letter 22, temple: imperial court 4, author's works 1, eight great masters of Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong.
2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan are also called Han Liu. They are the advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. 3. Three poets, father and son: Su Xun (old Su), Su Shi (big Su), and Su Che (little Su).
4. The bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, collectively known as Su Xin; the graceful poets: Li Qingzhao (female poet). 5. Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu.
Xiao Li Du: Li Shangyin, Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: my country’s earliest great poet. He created the new poetic style of Chu Ci and pioneered our country.
2. Common knowledge of ancient Chinese literature
Regarding the appreciation of ancient poetry, the "Examination Instructions" positions it as a "preliminary" appreciation of the image, language, expression skills and ideological content of poetry. However, in actual examinations, the score rate of poetry appreciation questions has always been low. Many students regard it as an insurmountable gap and are intimidated. They even vaguely follow their feelings when doing the questions, and unfortunately lose what they should get. score.
To solve this problem, training should be carried out from two aspects: on the one hand, extensive accumulation and mastering as many ancient poems as possible. Being well-informed will definitely help in solving problems. On the other hand, it is necessary to study appreciation skills, which is an important means to cope with exams.
The combination of these two points is the strategy of "accumulation + skills". Below, the author mainly talks about some technical issues: 1. Pay attention to accumulating background knowledge of ancient poems. This aspect mainly includes the poet’s life experience, thoughts and feelings, artistic style, etc. Once we master these contents, we can make a good understanding of the poems when appreciating them. A condescending analysis.
For example, Du Fu’s life of concern for the country and the people has a depressed style; Li Bai’s cynical life has a fresh and elegant style; In addition, there is also some tactful and pathos. Other poets such as Wang Wei, Du Mu, Li Shangyin, Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Lu You, etc. all require us to make research-based summaries in our daily review.
Here the author has a simple conclusion: for example, "The Book of Songs" is the source of realism, and "Chu Ci" is the source of romanticism. The ancient poems of the Han Dynasty have a sad color, while the poems of the Three Caos (Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi) are desolate and vigorous.
Wang Wei's poems are subtle and vivid, while his frontier fortress poems (represented by Gao Shi and Cen Shen) are powerful and extraordinary. Li Bai's poems are cynical about life, with a fresh and elegant style; Du Fu's poems are about a life of concern for the country and the people, with a melancholy style.
Bai Juyi's poems are both elegant and popular, Li He's poems are strange and unpredictable, Li Shangyin's poems are clear and elegant, Du Mu's poems are implicit and graceful, and a group of "Huajian School" poets represented by Wen Tingyun (Wei Zhuang, Ouyang Jiong, Li Xun, Sun Kexian, etc.) The style of poetry has both a rich, fragrant and soft side, and a fresh and sparse side. Li Yu's poems are decadent and sad, yet delicate and touching.
Ouyang Xiu's lyrics are clear, bright and affectionate.
Fan Zhongyan's poems are desolate and tragic, Yan Shu's poems are bright and sparse, Su Shi's poems are vigorous and bold, Liu Yong's poems are lingering and pathos, Huang Tingjian's poems are smooth and natural, Qin Guan's poems are sincere and sincere, Li Qingzhao's poems are graceful and sad, and Yang Wanli's poems are fresh and lively.
Lu You, known as Xiao Taibai, has a vigorous and unrestrained style, clear and smooth; Xin Qiji's poetry style, in addition to the majestic main tone, also has some melodious and pathos works. Another metrical poet, Jiang Kui, is characterized by meticulousness, elegance, beauty and distance... These poetry styles have always influenced the poetry of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, so it is not difficult for us to find the influence of ancient poetry styles in Qiu Jin's poetry.
One thing needs to be emphasized. A preliminary understanding of the author's style will bring us certain convenience. However, it should also be noted that the so-called style refers to the main tone of the poet's writing, and is not without exception.
Everyone needs to use it flexibly according to the situation. 2. Pay attention to the suggestive information of the poem, such as title, background hints, notes, etc.
These are very important, and some may even be the key to understanding poetry. Please look at the following poem: A recent test of Zhang Shuibu Zhu Qingyu's bridal chamber lit up the red candles last night, waiting to pay homage to his uncle in front of the Xiaotang Hall.
After putting on makeup, I lowered my eyebrows and asked my husband, if my eyebrows are dark or light? Looking at the content of this poem alone, it seems that it is about the psychological state of a new daughter-in-law getting ready to meet her parents-in-law for the first time. Only by looking at the title did we know that the author Zhu Qingyu used his parents-in-law as a metaphor for the examiner and the groom as a metaphor for his friend Zhang Shuibu. , expressing his expectation and uneasiness, and hoping that Zhang Shuibu would help him to pass the test. Look at the following poem again: Zhang Xu, a guest on a mountain trip, enjoys the spring light of the mountain.
Even if the sky is bright and there is no rain, my clothes will still be stained deep in the clouds. If the title of this poem is not read, people may mistakenly understand that the author's purpose of writing is to praise the beautiful scenery in the mountains, or to persuade people to stay and enjoy the beautiful scenery in the mountains.
Only by reading the title of the poem can we understand the purpose of writing this poem. 3. Analyze the emotions and scenes of poetry with the help of various knowledge and information. Poetry is the best form of lyricism in literary works, and this has been the case from ancient times to the present.
When we appreciate poetry, we must taste the emotions expressed in poetry. Because the emotions in poetry are implicit in various descriptions, not explicit, this requires us to have a very clear purpose and analyze the various techniques of poetry from various angles.
For example, the 2001 national title: Fu De Mu Yu sent Li Zhou and Wei Yingwu to the Chu River in the gentle rain, at the dusk of Jianye. The sail of Momo comes with heavy weight, and the bird of darkness leaves late.
The sea gate is deep and invisible, and the Pu tree is far away. The love for each other is infinite, and a piece of clothing is better than a loose thread.
As soon as we read the title, we knew that this song was about farewell. Since ancient times, poets have been sad about farewell. When expressing the feelings of farewell, the author combined the feelings with the scenery and used the scenery to set off the feelings, which produced an excellent effect. You see, in the light rain and in the evening bell, the sails appear heavy, the birds fly slowly, "the sea gate is deep and invisible", the future is unclear, "the trees in the mountains are far away with moisture", even the trees on the far riverside are soaked In the affectionate rain, let alone the person bidding farewell? It is natural for people to "give each other infinite love, and it is better to be together than loose threads."
There are two key points in the description of the scenery here: "The sail is heavy" and "The distance is rich" are both describing natural scenery and human emotions. From the analysis of the above poems, we can see that when appreciating ancient poems, when analyzing artistic conception, analyzing techniques, and grasping emotions, we must pay attention to connecting relevant knowledge and information, such as: title, author, background material, last couplet and last sentence, Key words in the lines of poetry, etc.
4. Master some necessary allusions and commonly used images. Allusions are commonly used in ancient poetry. Allusions can have a unique effect of being concise and concise. When reviewing allusions, we should strive to avoid making them difficult to understand, but we must pay attention to mastering as many as possible those that we have come into contact with in daily life and those that are common sense.
For example, "Sima in Qingshan", "Ci Gong in Cardamom", "Fenglang Juxu", "Guanhe", "Sanshan", "Loulan", etc. For example, read the Song poem below and answer the questions that follow: Ru Meng Ling (Yan Rui) says it is a pear blossom or not, and it says it is an apricot blossom or not.
White and red, the difference is the east wind flavor, Zeng Ji, Zeng Ji, people were slightly drunk in Wuling. This Song poem uses a famous allusion. Whose work does it come from? From this, we can know what this Song poem is about? What feelings are expressed? Recall Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring" and you will know that the sentence "A man is slightly drunk in Wuling" uses the allusion of "Wuling people", and we can infer this.
3. What does the "Four Books" of ancient literary knowledge refer to?
The "Four Books" is the collective name for the four works of "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects of Confucius" and "Mencius". The Five Classics refers to: "Book of Changes", "Book of Records", "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites", and "Zuo Zhuan". "Sikuquanshu" is the largest official book in ancient China and the largest series of books in ancient China. .According to the collection of Wenjin Pavilion, the book contains 3503 kinds of ancient books and 79337 volumes. The name "Siku" originated from the early Tang Dynasty. The official collection of books in the early Tang Dynasty was divided into four library collections of classics and history, known as the "Sibu Kushu". Or "Books of the Siku". The four-dividing method of classics and history is the main method of classifying ancient books. It basically covers all books in ancient times, so it is called "the whole book". The whole set of books is divided into four parts: classics, history, Zi and Ji, with 44 categories. , which also includes The Analects of Confucius, The Great Learning, Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Book of Changes, The Rites of Zhou, The Book of Rites, The Book of Songs, The Book of Filial Piety, The Book of Documents, The Spring and Autumn Annals ", "Historical Records", "Erya Commentaries", "Shuowen Jiezi", "Historical Records", "Zizhi Tongjian", "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Guoyu", "Shui Jing Zhu", "Warring States Policy", "Compendium of Materia Medica", "The Book of Tea" and other classic works, as well as some works by Japan, Korea, Vietnam, India and European missionaries to China, provide relatively complete documentation for future generations of scholars to study ancient Chinese culture. Ancient my country There are many military books, among which the "Seven Books of the Martial Arts" include "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Wu Zi's Art of War", "Six Tao", "Sima Fa", "Three Strategies", "Wei Liaozi", and "Li Weigong's Questions and Answers" A compilation of seven famous military books. There are other famous military books: "Guiguzi", "Yin Fu Jing", "Sun Bin's Art of War", "Thirty-six Strategies" and so on.
4. Comprehensive knowledge of ancient literature
1. Basics of Jian'an literature: 1. The founder of the new situation of Jian'an literature was the outstanding politician, military strategist and outstanding poet Cao Cao.
His representative works of poetry include "Walking with Dew", "Walking with Wormwood" and "Walking with Bitter Cold", which describe the wars in the late Han Dynasty and the suffering of the people; Famous sentences in. "The mountain never gets too high, the sea never gets too deep, the Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to its heart" in "Dan Ge Xing", which expresses the ambition to unify the world and is full of positive and enterprising spirit, shows his broad mind; "The sun and the moon" in "Guan Cang Sea" "If you go out of it, the stars will be as bright as if you go out of it." This describes the majesty of the sea, which is pregnant and deep.
", showing Cao Cao's aggressive spirit. 2. Cao Cao was the pioneer of a new situation in literature and the first to use old Yuefu inscriptions to write about current affairs.
In addition to five-character poems, his works also include many excellent four-character poems. He studied Han Yuefu, but he also has his own style. 3. The earliest extant complete seven-character poem by a literati is Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing"; his "Essentials and Essays" is the earliest extant literary monograph. He advocated literature and played a role in promoting the prosperity of Jian'an literature.
4. Cao Zhi’s life and creation can be divided into two periods, with Cao Pi proclaiming himself emperor in 220 AD as the dividing line. 5. The representative works of Cao Zhi’s poetry include the one describing the superb martial arts and patriotic spirit of the knight-errant youth. "The White Horse Pian", in which "names are compiled for strong men, and personal interests are not allowed" concentratedly expresses the patriotic spirit of the young man; "Gift to Xu Qian" encourages friends to make contributions; "Seven Sorrows" expresses one's frustration and depression on the wife he misses. ; "The Journey of the Yellow Bird in Noda", which describes a young man's story of cutting off a snare and saving a yellow bird; "Taishan Liangfu Yin", which describes the poor life of people on the seaside; "Beauty", which uses the distress of a beautiful woman to remain unmarried in her prime and expresses her feelings about not being recognized for her talent. "Etc." Zhong Rong called his poems "extremely high-spirited and eloquent".
6. Important writers during the Jian'an period include "Three Cao", "Seventh Son" and the poetess Cai Yan. "Three Cao" refers to Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi; the name "Seven Sons" is found in Cao Pi's "Dian Lun·Wen", referring to Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can, Ruan Yu, Ying Tuan, and Liu Zhen, the seven who have the highest achievements. It's Wang Can.
7. Among the poetry creations of the "Seven Sons", one of the representative works that reflect social unrest and people's suffering is Wang Can's "Seven Sorrow Poems", in which "When I go out, I see nothing, and the white bones cover the plain" expresses the chaos of war. Bring untold suffering to the people. Chen Lin's "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes", Ruan Yu's "Driving out of Beiguo Gate", etc.; representative works that express personal ambitions and encounters are Liu Zhen's three poems "Gift to the Brother" and so on.
8. The existing works titled Cai Yan include the five-character "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation", the Sao style "Poem of Sorrow and Indignation" and "Eighteen Beats of Hujia". The most credible one is Cai Yan's five-character "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation".
Second, the foundation of Zhengshi Western Jin Dynasty literature 1. Zhengshi literature generally refers to the literature in the late Wei Dynasty. The representative writers of this period are Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. 2. Ji Kang's representative prose is "Book of Severing Diplomacy with Shan Juyuan", and his representative poetry is "Giving Scholars to Enter the Army" 18 poems; Ruan Ji's main poetry creation is 82 "Poems of Praise", the most famous prose It's "The Biography of Mr. Adult".
3. Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai Zhuan" has a high level of achievement in using Wang Yan's poetry to express emotions and allegorical expressions. One of the poems "Can't sleep at night, sits up and plays the piano" expresses his loneliness and depression. It opened up a way for progressive writers under the rule of darkness to write political lyric poems. "The words are within the ears and eyes, and the feelings are expressed in the world" in "Shipin" summarizes Ruan Ji's poetic style. Tao Yuanming's "Drinking" and Yu Xin's "Imitation of Yonghuai".
4. The "Three Zhangs, Two Lus, Two Pans, and One Zuo" of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty before and after Taikang directed Zhang Hua, Zhang Xie, Lu Ji, Pan Ni, Pan Yue, and Zuo Si. They were Tai A famous poet during the Kang Dynasty. 5. There are two bad tendencies in Taikang's literary creation: one is to imitate the prosperity of the ancients; the other is to pursue gorgeous words and neat parallelism.
What Liu Xie said, "The harvesting of tapes comes from Zhengshi, and the strength and softness come from Jian'an" refers to Taikang literature. 6. The most famous writer in the Taikang era was Lu Ji, and the equally famous writers were Pan Yue, Zhang Hua, Zhang Xie, etc.
7. Lu Ji's representative works include twelve "Ancient Poems" that imitate "Nineteen Ancient Poems" and "Composition to Luo Daozhong" which describes travel life; Pan Yue's masterpiece is three "Poems of Mourning" head. 8. Zuo Si is the most accomplished poet in the Western Jin Dynasty. His poems directly inherit the Jian'an style and are known as "Zuo Si's style".
9. Zuo Si’s eight representative works include "Ode to History". The works use allusions and contrast techniques, such as "The world is in a high position, handsome and humble" is a contrast, "Jiandi "Pine" and "seedlings on the mountain" are metaphors for intellectuals from poor families and children of noble families, and they also use contrast to reflect the contradiction between intellectuals from poor families and aristocratic families. In addition, "Zhao Yin", "Poem of a Beautiful Girl" and "San Du Fu" are all his masterpieces.
10. Liu Kun’s representative work is "Song of Fufeng", and he is the patriotic poet who wrote "My Love". Guo Pu's representative work is the fourteen poems of "Poems of Zhouxian". He is a metaphysical poet. "The words are overexamined and bland and tasteless" in "Preface to Poems" is a criticism of metaphysical poetry.
Third, the foundation of Tao Yuanming: 1. Tao Yuanming, also known as Qian, with the courtesy name Yuanliang, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang. His posthumous title was "Jingjie Zhengshi". Because he once served as Peng Zeling, later generations also He was called Tao Pengze. After he resigned from Peng Zeling, he lived a farming life of "burying the wasteland in the morning and returning with the moonlight to hoe". 2. Tao Yuanming's poems can be divided into two categories: pastoral poems and odes to feelings and epic poems.
His famous prose poems are "The Biography of Mr. Wu Liu", "Come Back and Come Back", "The Poetry of Feelings about Scholars" and so on. 3. Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems can be divided into three aspects according to their content: one part expresses the tranquility and tranquility of the countryside and his own leisurely and contented state of mind. His representative works include "Returning to the Pastoral" Part One ("Little No Suitable Rhymes"), " "Drinking" Part 5 (Making a House in a Human Environment), etc.; the other part sings with great enthusiasm about agricultural labor and the friendship established with farmers during labor, such as "Returning to the Countryside" Part 3 (Planting beans at the foot of the southern mountain), "Harvesting Early Rice in the West Field in the Mid-September of the Gengxu Year" (Returning to the Right Way in Life), etc.; there is also a small part that reflects the rural desolation and one's own poor life, such as "Returning to the Countryside" Part 4 (Returning to the Mountains and Swamps for a Long Time) , "Poetry of Complaints about Chu Tiao" and "Deng Zhizhong, Director Pang's Book", etc.
"Peach Blossom Spring Poem" written in his later years is a new development of his pastoral poetry. 4. Tao Yuanming’s poems about poetry and poetry.
5. Common sense of Chinese classical literature
Literary knowledge Common sense of ancient Chinese literature Tao Yuanming, named Qian, courtesy name Yuanming, world name Mr. Jingjie, self-proclaimed Mr. Wuliu, poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, my country The first pastoral poet.
The proses include "The Peach Blossom Spring" and "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", and the poems include "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" and "Drinking". Qianbao, named Lingsheng.
A historian and writer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he wrote my country's first collection of mythological (spiritual and strange) novels, "Sou Shen Ji". Fan Ye, courtesy name Weizong, was a historian and essayist in the Southern Song Dynasty.
"Le Yangzi's Wife" and "Zhang Heng's Biography" are selected from his "Book of the Later Han". "Later Han" means "Eastern Han". "A man with lofty ideals will not drink from a stolen spring, and an honest man will not be fed by someone who complains about it" comes from his "Book of the Later Han Dynasty?" "Biography of Women".
Liu Yiqing, a novelist in the Southern Song Dynasty, is the author of my country's first collection of notebook novels, "Shishuoxinyu". This is a notebook novel that records the anecdotes of people in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Many stories in the book have become allusions and themes in poems, novels and dramas, and some have become commonly used idioms, such as "Looking at the plum blossoms to quench thirst", "Ever sincerely", "eloquent words" "wait.
Liu Xie, courtesy name Yanhe, was a literary theorist in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty. He wrote 50 articles on my country's first literary theory monograph, "The Literary Mind and the Diaolong", which dealt with many issues in creation. Li Daoyuan, courtesy name Shanchang, was a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Compiled into 40 volumes of "Shui Jing Zhu", it is a geography full of literary value. Zhong Rong, courtesy name Zhongwei, was a literary critic in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty. He wrote my country's first monograph on poetry theory, Shi Pin.
4. Works by writers of the Tang Dynasty Wang Bo, courtesy name Zian, one of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty, a litterateur of the Tang Dynasty, including the lyric poem "Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" (five lines); the famous article "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng" 》. He is the author of "The Collection of Prince An".
Yang Jiong, the first of the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty, is famous for his famous works "On the Military March". Lu Zhaolin, one of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty, is represented by "The Ancient Meaning of Chang'an".
King Luo Bin, one of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty, is represented by "Singing Cicadas in Prison", as well as the famous "Quest for War", and his collection of works is "Linhai Collection".
He Zhizhang, also known as Jizhen, also known as Siming Kuangke, was a poet of the Tang Dynasty.
The "Odd Book on Returning Hometown" (Qijue) is a famous piece of poetry. Wang Zhihuan, courtesy name Jiling, was a poet of the Tang Dynasty.
His "Liangzhou Ci" and "Climbing the Stork and Magpie Tower" are treasures of quatrains in the Tang Dynasty. Meng Haoran, a landscape pastoral poet in the Tang Dynasty.
"Passing Through the Village of My Old Friend" (Five Rhythms) depicts the pastoral scenery of green water and green mountains and the farmhouse atmosphere of "talking over wine and mulberry trees", reflecting the true feelings between the poet and the villagers. "Spring Dawn" (Wujue) describes the scene of spring dawn and the feelings of early spring, and has become a good poem that has been passed down through the ages.
Wang Changling, also known as Shaobo, was a poet of the Tang Dynasty. He was good at Qijue and wrote mostly about the military life in the frontier fortress at that time. He was vigorous and high-spirited, including seven poems in "March from the Army", "Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower" and "Going out of the fortress". 》Both capitals are very famous. Wang Wei, whose courtesy name was Mojie, rose to the rank of Shangshu Youcheng, and was known as Wang Youcheng in the world.
A landscape and pastoral poet of the Tang Dynasty, his famous works include "Birdsong Stream" (five unique styles), "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi" (seven unique styles), and "Watching Hunting" (five unique styles). "Wei Mojie's poems, there are paintings in the poems, and poems in the paintings" are Su Shi's words of praise for Wang Wei.
Li Bai, also known as Taibai and Qinglian Jushi, was a romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Officials worship Hanlin.
Because of his arrogant character and not being tolerated by the powerful, he deepened his understanding of the corrupt society and wrote poems that criticized the debauchery and luxury of the emperors and powerful people and complained about the darkness of real politics. Wujue's "Quiet Night Thoughts", "Qiupu Song", Qijue's "Looking at Tianmen Mountain", Wulu's "Farewell to a Friend", Qigu's "Sleepwalking Tianmu's Song of Farewell", and "It's Difficult to Travel".
Author of "The Complete Works of Li Taibai". Gao Shi, courtesy name Dafu, was a frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poems reflected the border situation and the suffering of the soldiers at that time. His representative works are "Yan Ge Xing" and "Farewell to Dong Da" (Qijue).
Cui Hao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was a Jinshi in Kaiyuan, and was an official to the rank of Si Xun Yuan Wai Lang. His frontier fortress poems are generous and heroic.
"Yellow Crane Tower" (Seven Rhymes) is highly praised by Li Bai. Du Fu, also known as Zimei, once lived in the south of Chang'an City and west of Shaoling. He called himself Shaoling Yelao, and was known as Du Shaoling in the world. He was born in Gong County (Henan) and was a realist poet in the Tang Dynasty.
He once traveled around the country and lived in Chang'an for ten years. He was captured during the "Anshi Rebellion". After escaping, he served as Zuo Shiyi. Later, he abandoned his official position and moved to Chengdu. He built a thatched cottage by the Huanhua River, which was known as Huanhua Cottage in the world. He was once appointed as the governor of Jiannan. Jiedu joined the army and was a member of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Wailang, known as the Ministry of Industry and Commerce in the world. His works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and are known as the "history of poetry", including "Collection of Poems by Du Gongbu".
His representative works are "Five Hundred Words of Ode to My Heart from Beijing to Fengxian County" and the poems "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Cen Shen, a frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty, was a native of Jiazhou and served as the governor of Jiazhou.
He has been in the army for many years and has a profound experience of life in the frontier fortress. He has "Collected Poems of Cen Jiazhou". The representative work "Bai Xuege Sends Judge Wu Back to the Capital" (Qi Gu).
Zhang Zhihe, courtesy name Zitong, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote mostly about seclusion and leisure life. He is the author of "Xuan Zhenzi" and his representative work "Yu Gezi" (ci). Han Yu, whose courtesy name was Tuizhi, was from Heyang (Henan). He called himself Junwang (a distinguished family in the county) Changli, and was known as Han Changli in the world. His posthumous title was Wen, also known as Han Wengong. From his official position to the official minister, he was also known as Han Li. department.
An essayist and poet in the Tang Dynasty, he was an advocate of the "Ancient Prose Movement" together with Liu Zongyuan. He was listed as the first of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" and the author of "Collected Works of Mr. Chang Li".