The world in real life is different from the countryside. This rural world is the product of artistic creation and a "stranger".
Biochemical "products. This aesthetic process can be realized because the author has made some efforts.
Adjustment of science and art.
First of all, the rural area where the author lives is very poor. The author has a sporadic account of this: "Try to bring your son and nephew."
, a waste market in hazel steps. Yiyi wandered between mountains and dragons, living in the past. There are remnants in the well, and the mulberry and bamboo rot. "("return
Yuantianju (4) "If the wasteland does not return, there will always be ruins." ("He Liu Chai Sang") "Cold grass wasted.
The land is far away from people. "("Miss Tian She (1) ") This reality is undoubtedly related to the one written by Tao Yuanming.
There are differences and conflicts in the beautiful rural world. Only the author's "meaning" is not here, but in the author's psychological field.
This reality is excluded in the world. His descriptions of the scene were all cursory.
Secondly, the external environment in which Tao Yuanming lives is very bad. And his own life in the countryside is also in a kind of
Very embarrassing situation. This embarrassment is divided into two aspects: material and spiritual. Tao Yuanming has many descriptions of this.
: "I am sad at the age of the cloud, and I show my front porch in brown. Fortunately, the garden is full of beautiful scenery and dead leaves are full of north garden. There is absolutely no drain in the pot, but you can't peek at the stove.
See smoke. ""shortcomings don't cover your elbows, quinoa soup is often lacking. " ("Ode to the Poor") "There is no shame in being friends with Taiwan. "
Vestibule. Keep the night brown, and the chickens will not crow in the morning. "("Drinking ")" Sleeping under the door is isolated from the world.
Looking around, who knows, Fei Jing is usually closed during the day. ""Jin invades the inner sleeve, and you repeat it. There is nothing left in the empty space.
York. "(Gui Mao's Old Works, Stay Away from My Brother) This reality is definitely of direct interest to Tao Yuanming.
Department. In this kind of conflict, it is difficult for people to calm down and appreciate and refine their lives.
Beauty, and idealize it. His personality has to be split and confronted. But Tao Yuanming overcame it.
This kind of confrontation discovered and created the beauty of the countryside, and wrote a series of pure and touching pastoral carols.
What is the reason? What is the difference between Tao Yuanming's ideological conflict and beautiful pastoral ode?
What about the bridge? We believe that Tao Yuanming can overcome his own division and create in an embarrassing realistic environment.
Beautiful pastoral symphonic poems rely on their own personality cultivation, which ensures that he fundamentally entered a
This positive "virtual silence" state has reached the other side of the ideal aesthetic world. In the realization of this life
In the process of transformation, he mainly relies on psychological and artistic adjustment.
First, Confucian social ideal theory and moral cultivation theory.
In his poems, Tao Yuanming repeatedly expressed his love for Confucian classics, his study of Confucian classics, and his respect for Confucianism.
On, in favor of the Confucian moral concept of "benevolence and righteousness" and against the social thought of attacking for profit. This shows that his thoughts are influenced by Confucianism.
Family theory has a great influence.
However, it is not the enterprising spirit and loyalty of monarchs and subjects in Confucianism that has the greatest influence on Tao Yuanming.
The orthodox concept of hierarchy is the sum of ancient unified theory and primitive patriarchal Confucianism.
Personal moral cultivation theory; In other words, Tao Yuanming has a strong selectivity in absorbing Confucianism. take for example
The admiration for Confucius in Fortune is obviously limited to the quiet life of "the spring breeze in eastern Shandong", and he will
This kind of life is integrated with the rural world around him and forms a quiet confrontation with "troubled times"
A peaceful little world. He may sometimes mention concepts such as "benevolence and righteousness", but this is not to touch the society.
Work, but pay attention to the cultivation of personal moral sentiments. In Drinking (17), he used noble orchids as himself.
Bobby has high expectations of his personality. He thinks that some people, especially themselves, have a withdrawn nature, which is high.
Shang's nature can't be realized in the "human world", so it can only be kept unchanged as far as possible, but in the "pastoral" world.
I hope it will come true.
It can be seen that he attaches great importance to his self-cultivation, his own value and the pleasure of individual spirit. In this way,
On his ideological journey, although Confucianism is not enough, Confucian ethics has given him great strength.
. He took this weapon as the ideological support point in his life journey. Therefore, regardless of his appreciation of Yan Hui's style. "
Living in poverty, enjoying happiness, and arguing about official position can't prove a person's merits ("sense of misfortune").
It is not the open-minded words of celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties, but the frank expression of personality. Although this idea of his
However, it is weak in transforming society, but tenacious in insisting on individual perfection. This branch of thought
He invented an ideal society in art to reject and "change" the existing society. This Confucian ethics
The pursuit of individual self-improvement by moral ideal is one of Tao Yuanming's ways to maintain psychological balance in a difficult life.
An important way of life is also a necessary prerequisite for him to enter the aesthetic realm of pastoral art.
Second, the example of ancient hermit Gao Shi.
In his ideological experience, Tao Yuanming also spoke highly of ancient hermits and nobles. He almost never gets tired.
Full of praise for these ancient figures, the degree of which can be compared with the quilts of "wine in the article"
Most of the hermits who sing praises are classic figures respected by Confucianism, such as: "If the Tao is a business mountain, ignore me."
Chu, thank you, Yesi and Horn. How is Shuangjing today? "("a long history of giving sheep ") in the corner and yee; "Far away.
Heart-drowning is related to the Millennium. "("Early Rice ") drowned in Longju and Jieli; Yaodi @
Weng, we talked in Qi Jun. "("I got it at @ ② "), Lotus @ ① Weng; "
Yan Hui and Rong Qi in Yan Sheng's Benevolence (drink (11)); And "Fan"
Eight sedate literati praised for painting, Qi Yi praised for reading Nine Chapters of History, and so on. These people are all Tao Yuanming.
Spiritual role model.
One of the most typical manifestations is Tao Yuanming's determination to follow the example of ancient hermits and overcome the double tempering of spirit and material.
It is the seven Odes to the Poor that are struggling to make progress. From this group of poems, we can clearly see that ancient hermits were all in Tao.
How much ideological power to give him in potentially difficult situations. In this set of poems, he admits that he sometimes makes a living from it.
Stubborn and annoyed: "seclusion is not Chen's life, just because you say it badly"; But rely on the ancient sages to support themselves. "Why?
Comfort me? Lai Gu Duo is a saint, so his mood can be relieved. His spiritual loneliness is also mentioned in the poem.
And the pursuit, "there is no confidant", "there is no confidant in the world." So he turned and galloped among the ancient hermits.
Feelings, with pen and ink, construct a small world where ideal hermits and sages meet, and place their feelings.
For these ancient hermits, Tao Yuanming generally took away their political content and only their nobility.
Character or one of them is for your own use. For example, Tian Chou mentioned in Imitating the ancients (2) is both a hermit and a recluse.
A valuable person; But Tian took thousands of residents into the mountains during the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the people in the territory lived quite well, saying
Not picking up the remains is like a peach blossom world. Tao Yuanming also praised his reputation for this.
The above two meanings are concentrated in one place, which is a question of personality cultivation. That is to say, all personal work is excluded.
Interest requirements and social goals, keep chastity, and enter the living environment and aesthetic atmosphere of your choice.
Get inner peace and joy. This is the core of Tao Yuanming's psychological adjustment. In this state of mind, he entered
Into the artistic creation activities, so as to discover and create a natural, peaceful and beautiful pastoral world, since
I was also released. His pastoral world has thus become a symbol of his personality. The beauty and tranquility there are based on him.
Under the condition of personality participation, it is doomed that his "pastoral" is not a "cold" silence, but a real vitality.
Where is it?
Of course, he returned to Confucianism because he often associated the beautiful pastoral with ancient hermits.
Seeking Tao and moving towards the rational track of goodness make his simple and beautiful pastoral poems sometimes a bit pedantic.
Rest. This is a helpless move, and we can't get rid of these things according to our own subjective wishes.
Third, Taoism and Buddhism.
Buddhism and Taoism is another support point of Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming should know the thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.
But, very familiar. Among his friends, there are Buddhists and Taoists, and the environment in the Eastern Jin Dynasty also contributed to these two thoughts.
There is a big market. But Tao Qian's attitude towards these two thoughts is almost the same as that towards Confucianism. he is
Draw useful ideological achievements as a weapon to trudge through life, and refuse to accept the hands of specific religions of Taoism and Buddhism.
Paragraphs and doctrines. He clearly distinguished between his school thoughts and religious ceremonies.
He disapproves of Taoism and doesn't believe in Buddhism. But for Laozi, Zhuangzi and Taoism, there is no right or wrong.
The concepts of "emptiness" and "nothingness" in Renyi Buddhism are obviously heard. Look at the following poem: "Decline
The honor is uncertain, and each other is more * * *. ""So I am expensive, not in this life? " "My dream, what?
Dusty. "("Twenty Songs of Drinking ")" I don't know the gains and losses, do you feel safe? Long live the century, who knows?
Honor and shame? "("one of the elegies ")" stay at home, it won't hurt. Relocation or reduction of risk, ambition
No depression. That is, if things are already high, why sublimate Artemisia? "("Zuo Dan and Dai Zhuben in May ")" Longitudinal waves are getting worse and worse.
I don't like it and I'm not afraid. I should do what I can, and I don't have to worry about it. "("Interpretation of God ")" Life is illusory, so it will be.
Zero. "(Return to the Garden) Although the two thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism reflected in the above poems are relatively eliminated,
Extremely, but for Tao Yuanming to get rid of the realistic ideological conflict and relieve his depressed and wronged mood.
It is obvious to distance yourself from the troubles of reality.
Tao Yuanming combined Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in one furnace, but it was different from other thoughts, forming an obvious
The ideological system of human nature. This is clearly reflected in the following poem; Brief introduction of May Zuo Dan and Dai Zhushu
Language, Zhuangzi and other allusions, obtained the concept of life and death that is content with poverty and indifferent to the rest of my life; In the interpretation of the gods,
Expressed the intention of entrusting nature, not happy or afraid; "Drinking" means that there is no shortage of material and there is no reputation behind it.
What matters is the inner fit; There are feelings for children as well as for children in Yan Zi Deng Shu.
Contact nature for children's future; Life, reputation, moral integrity and funeral are all reflected in "Give My Life".
Open, gentle, serious and calm.
To sum up, Tao Yuanming's outlook on life can be summarized as: indifferent to life, conforming to life and death, and pursuing unity.
Comfortable, noble and quiet inner life. This is his life choice. That's where he leans.
This outlook on life forged by thoughts has made a difficult spiritual trek and finally reached the goal of "blocking the environment,
On a windy day, a short brown knot and repeated empty-handed, Yan Ruyu's situation achieved the goal of "forgetting gains and losses and striving for self-improvement".
Finally, obtain a relative psychological balance; At the same time, he left us precious peace.
Beautiful pastoral poetry. Tao Yuanming objectively described himself in "Self-sacrifice" before his death.
Live a poor, simple and enjoyable life, and finally affirm this.
It is true that Tao Yuanming's life process and artistic process are repetitive. Because sober people in seclusion
Keith still dominates the author from time to time, and the author can't just immerse himself in that "beautiful farm". Tao Yuanming
This feeling was once described by a metaphor: a lonely bird had nowhere to fly and had to fly to a lonely pine tree.
Steady your body. "(Drink) The metaphor of" pastoral "here is just a solitary pine tree, just like a tree in the sea.
Ye Zhou Xiao. This shows that the poet was sober when he returned to reality. Pastoral scenery is just an ideal product.
. The limited realization of this ideal (whether in life or in words) depends on the process.
Describe the psychological balance achieved after several efforts.
Therefore, Tao Yuanming's ideological struggle is not only a necessary prerequisite for him to enter the pastoral scenery, but also his struggle.
The achievements and essence are also fused together and condensed in the pastoral scenery. Pastoral scenery is the epitome of Tao Yuanming's thought.
A successful person is also an oasis for his spiritual journey and the highest embodiment of his ideal personality.
By the way, the pastoral scenery created in Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems certainly cannot include Tao Yuanming.
Ming's overall personality; Tao Yuanming's heroic poems, as an energy, come from quiet pastoral poems.
The border has also overflowed. This is what people often say about Tao Yuanming's heroic side. In fact, this kind of man
Hao's works are consistent with Tao Yuanming's character thought. Only this kind of poem was splashed by Tao Yuanming's ideological conflict.
Bright sparks; And beautiful pastoral poetry, after surging ideological struggle, is quietly rising.
The miracle of water. The two complement each other and make each other interesting. There are generally three types of this kind of poetry:
The first is to chant the ancients. Mainly: Yong Sanliang, Yong Jingke, reading Shan Hai Jing, reading books.
"Nine Chapters of History" and so on.
Second, it is useless to lament the fame and fortune in the world. Such as "antique", this poem has the meaning of "generous and sad" in the Jian 'an era.
Wind power generation.
The third is to lament the injustice of the world. The most typical ones are "Feeling the Misfortune of Scholars" and "Hating Poems and Chudiao".
For a long time, people have been indifferent to the aspect of "King Kong glaring" in Tao Yuanming's poems, and the reason is fear.
I'm afraid his pastoral poems are famous not only because his heroic poems are often dissolved in a calm mind.
His generosity is often balanced in the creative mode of "returning to the right". So, read it all, all of it.
After reading it, people didn't feel obvious about his bold side, so they let it go gently. Only Zhu Zao saw through this.
A little bit. He said: "Everyone says that Tao Yuanming's poems are plain. According to some people, he is proud of it, but he is bold. "
. "It's really discerning eyes. I once imagined that if all Tao Qian's pastoral poems were lost, there would be only a few bold poems left.
I am afraid that future generations will think that Tao Yuanming must be a hermit with a strong heart in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Judging from the personality expressed in these heroic poems, whether it is a tribute to the ancients or a person.
Whether it's aversion to the world's political disputes over fame and fortune or condemnation of the decline of social morality, it's all related to pastoral poetry.
Internal connection. It's just that in pastoral poetry, things are dissolved in bold poetry in a constructive and ideal form.
Once again vent in the form of negative criticism. That's all.
In short, the enthusiastic response around Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems lasted for more than 1000 years, and people often
When appreciating his beautiful pastoral poems, he seldom noticed his serious ideological conflict; Praise his beauty
In pastoral poetry, he often ignores his efforts to enter this ideal aesthetic state. mankind
The children regard him as too elegant and relaxed. For Tao Yuanming, this kind of hardship and beauty, depression and stretching,
The correspondence between anger and calmness is as inseparable as mountains and valleys and fish and water. There are many of his poems.
The material that records the realistic ideological struggle is as valuable as the work that depicts the ideal rural form. Tianyuanjing
The creation of Realm is a breakthrough and transcendence of Tao Yuanming's ideal personality over the real personality, which shows China in the Middle Ages.
An intellectual pursues the meaning of life itself in the way of an artist. This kind of exploration is related to
Pursuit does not mean the change of realistic status, but a spiritual life of ancient intellectuals in China.
Achievement. This is the value of Tao Yuanming. His value lies not in the absence of conflicts, but in being in numerous conflicts.
Jay's personality is obsessed with the pursuit of beautiful ideals, so he opened up a strange flower bed at his feet, giving
Later generations left a deep aftertaste.