The original text of "Deng Jiaxian" is as follows:
From "letting others be slaughtered" to "standing up"
A hundred years ago, during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 and the Eight-Power Allied Forces era , is probably the darkest and most tragic era in the 5,000-year history of the Chinese nation. Just take 1898 as an example:
Germany occupied Jiaozhou Bay in Shandong and "leased" it for 99 years.
Russia occupied Dalian, Lushun, Liaoning and "leased" it for 25 years.
France occupied Guangzhou Bay in Guangdong and "leased" it for 99 years.
The British occupied Weihaiwei, Shandong and the New Territories of Hong Kong. The former was "leased" for 25 years and the latter was "leased" for 99 years.
That was an era when the Chinese nation was at the mercy of others, an era when there was a danger of national subjugation and genocide.
Today, a century later, the Chinese people have stood up.
This is the result of the efforts of thousands of people and a great victory created by many heroic figures who can sing and cry. In the history of mankind in the 20th century, this may be the most important and far-reaching transformation.
A scientist who has made a huge contribution to this transformation has been little-known for a long time: Deng Jiaxian.
Father of the "Two Bombs"
Deng Jiaxian was born in Huaining County, Anhui Province in 1924. After attending elementary school and middle school in Peiping, he graduated from Southwest Associated University in Kunming in 1945. From 1948 to 1950, he went to Purdue University in the United States to study theoretical physics. After receiving his doctorate, he immediately returned to China by boat. In October 1950, he went to work at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In August 1958, he was ordered to lead dozens of university graduates to begin research on the theory of atomic bomb manufacturing.
In the next 28 years, Deng Jiaxian has always stood at the forefront of China's atomic weapons design, manufacturing and research, leading many scholars and technicians to successfully design China's atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, which has transformed the national defense of the Chinese nation. Self-defense weapons have reached the world's advanced level.
On October 16, 1964, China exploded its first atomic bomb.
On June 17, 1967, China exploded its first hydrogen bomb.
These days are important days in the 5,000-year history of the Chinese nation. They are the new days when the Chinese nation completely escapes the crisis of being dominated by others!
After 1967, Deng Jiaxian continued his work. He worked tirelessly until death and made many new and huge contributions to national defense weapons.
In August 1985, Deng Jiaxian underwent surgery to remove rectal cancer. A second operation was performed in March of the following year. During this period, he and Yu Min jointly signed a proposal on the development of nuclear weapons in the People's Republic of China. In May 1986, Deng Jiaxian underwent his third operation and died on July 29 due to massive hemorrhage throughout his body.
"Dedicated himself till death" accurately describes his life.
Deng Jiaxian is the founder and pioneer of the Chinese nation’s nuclear weapons cause. General Zhang Aiping called him "the hero of the 'two bombs'", and he was well deserved.
Deng Jiaxian and Oppenheimer
The year before the Anti-Japanese War began, from 1936 to 1937, Jiaxian and I were classmates at Chongde Middle School in Peking for a year; We were classmates at Southwest Associated University; we lived in the same room when he studied in the United States for two years. 50 years of friendship, as close as brothers.
I worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton from 1949 to 1966. For 17 years, the director was the physicist Oppenheimer. At the time, he was a household name in the United States because of his successful leadership of America's wartime effort to build the atomic bomb. The Institute of Advanced Academic Studies is a very small institute. At most, there were only five physics professors. Oppenheimer was one of them, so I was very familiar with him.
Oppenheimer and Deng Jiaxian are the leaders of the atomic bomb design of the United States and China respectively. They are heroes of both countries, but their personalities and conduct are completely different. It can even be said that they have gone to two opposite directions. extreme.
Oppenheimer is a top-notch figure with a sharp edge. When he was in his twenties, he was a graduate student in Bonn, a town in G?ttingen, Germany. In his autobiography written in his later years, Bonn said that Oppenheimer, a graduate student, often interrupted others' academic reports (including Bonn's academic reports), walked up to the podium, picked up chalk, and said: "This can be done in the following way. Better..." When I got to know Oppenheimer, he was already in his forties and already a well-known figure among women and children. Interrupting other people's reports and embarrassing the speaker still happened from time to time. But it's less than before. There are many people who admire and admire him, and there are also many who dislike him.
Deng Jiaxian is the least noticeable figure. After talking to him for a few minutes, it became clear that he was a loyal and down-to-earth person. He is sincere and honest, never arrogant. He is not petty and likes the character represented by the word "pure" throughout his life. Among the intellectuals I know, including Chinese and foreigners, he is the one who has the most simple temperament of a Chinese farmer.
I think Deng Jiaxian’s temperament and character are the reasons why he can successfully lead many workers from all walks of life and make historic contributions to the Chinese nation: people know that he has no selfish motives, and people absolutely believe in him. .
In the early days of the "Cultural Revolution", the institute (Ninth Institute) where he worked, like other units across the country at that time, established two groups of mass organizations to quarrel and fight.
However, Deng Jiaxian was able to persuade the two groups to continue working, and successfully made a hydrogen bomb in June 1967.
In 1971, when he and his colleagues were criticized and besieged by the "Gang of Four", if others tried to reason with the workers' propaganda team and the military propaganda team, there would probably be a tragedy. But Deng Jia went first and was able to persuade the members of the workers' propaganda team and the military propaganda team. This is a true miracle.
Deng Jiaxian is a son with the highest dedication born from thousands of years of Chinese traditional culture.
Deng Jiaxian is an ideal member of the Communist Party of China.
I think that if Deng Jiaxian had been an American, he would not have been able to successfully lead the U.S. atomic bomb project; if Oppenheimer had been Chinese, it would have been impossible for him to have successfully led the Chinese atomic bomb project. The people who originally hired them, Qian Sanqiang and Groves, can be said to be truly knowledgeable people, and they have a deep understanding of both Chinese society and American society.
National feelings? Friendship
In 1971, I visited the People’s Republic of China for the first time. In Beijing, I met Jiaxian after 22 years of absence. Before that, that is, after China's atomic bomb test in 1964, American newspapers had repeatedly mentioned Jiaxian as an important leader in this undertaking. At the same time, there were also some rumors that Han Chun, who went to China in March 1948, had participated in China's atomic bomb project.
When I saw Jiaxian in Beijing in August 1971, I avoided asking him where he worked. He just said "working in other places." But I once asked him whether Han Chun participated in China's atomic bomb work, as American rumors said. He said he didn't think so, but he would confirm the exact situation and then tell me.
On August 16, 1971, before I left Shanghai to return to the United States via Paris, Shanghai leaders invited me to dinner at the Shanghai Tower. Someone at the meeting sent me a letter, written by Jiaxian, saying that he had confirmed that, except for the earliest "assistance" from the Soviet Union as early as the end of 1959, there were no foreigners in China's atomic weapons project. join.
This short letter gave me a great emotional shock. I burst into tears and had to get up and go to the bathroom for plastic surgery. Afterwards, I thought about why there was such a big emotional shock. Was it pride for the nation? Or was it pride for the pioneers? I still can't figure it out.
"I can't leave"
Qinghai, Xinjiang, the mysterious ancient Lop Nur, the battlefield where horse leather corpses are wrapped, I wonder if Jiaxian has ever thought of "Diao Gu" that we recited together in Kunming "Battlefield Essay":
"It's so vast! The flat sand is endless, and there is no one in sight. The river is lingering, and the mountains are in dispute. It's gloomy and miserable, the wind is sad and the sun is shining. The grass is broken and the grass is withered, and it's as cold as frost in the morning. The birds were unable to fly, and the beasts lost their flocks. The pavilion chief told me: "This is an ancient battlefield! It often overwhelms the three armies." Often ghosts cry, and when the sky is cloudy, you can hear it!"
I don’t know what Jia Xian felt when he buried his colleagues and subordinates in the desert with broken grass and dry grass?
"Rough estimate" When formulating parameters, one must have physical intuition; when planning calculations day and night, one must have mathematical insight; when deciding on a plan, one must have courage and sound judgment. However, whether the theory is accurate is always the key. Did your hands tremble when you signed the revolutionary plan?
The wind and sand are often howling in the Gobi Desert, and the temperature is often more than 30 degrees Celsius. There are bound to be endless problems, large and small, when testing nuclear weapons. Although he is known as the "lucky general", accidents cannot be completely avoided. In 1982, after he became the director of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute, a signal suddenly failed to be detected underground. Everyone was very anxious and advised him to go back. All he said was: "I can't leave. "
If one day a director wants to film "The Biography of Deng Jiaxian", I will suggest to him to use a song from the May Fourth era as the background music. This is what I learned from my father when I was a child:
Chinese men, Chinese men
Want to hold up the sky with one hand
The great Yangtze River in the east of Asia, E'e Kunlun
How many strange husbands have existed in ancient and modern times
The broken song "Huang Chen Yan Ran's meritorious service is still red"
My father was born in 1896. It was an era when the Chinese nation was at the mercy of others. He loved this song all his life. .
Eternal Pride
After Jiaxian passed away, there are the following passages in the telegrams and letters I wrote to his wife, Xu Luxi:
Jiaxian He was a loyal and honest man, and he was my most beloved friend. His selfless spirit and great contribution are yours and my eternal pride.
The news of Mr. Jia’s death reminds me of him and me. A century of friendship, I know I will cherish these memories forever. I hope you will look at Jiaxian and your life from a long-term historical perspective during this sad day. Only the truly eternal ones are valuable.
Deng Jiaxian's life is moving forward with direction and consciousness. There is no hesitation or contradiction.
Yes, if Jiaxian chooses his life again, he will still go through it. This is his character and quality. Not many people can evaluate their lives like this. We should be grateful for Jiaxian!
Deng Jiaxian (1924-1986), academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, famous nuclear physicist. , made important contributions to the research and development of China's nuclear weapons and atomic weapons. He was born in Huaining County, Anhui Province on June 25, 1924, into a scholarly family.
In 1999, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission posthumously awarded him the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Meritorious Service Medal. Deng Jiaxian has successively served as a research assistant and associate researcher at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the theoretical department of the Ninth Institute of the Ministry of Machinery, deputy director and president of the Ninth Institute, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission for National Defense Science and Technology, and the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. Deputy director and other positions. Deng Jiaxian was also elected as a member of the Central Committee at the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Deng Jiaxian was the main organizer and leader of China's nuclear weapons research and development. Thirteen years after his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of "Two Bombs Hero." Deng Jiaxian has always been on the front line of China's weapons manufacturing, leading many scholars and technicians, successfully designing China's atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, and leading the Chinese nation's national defense and self-defense weapons to the world's advanced level. Deng Jiaxian led the team in 1967 and personally participated in the development and experiment of China's first hydrogen bomb.
Comrade Deng Jiaxian won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award in 1982, two special prizes of the National Science and Technology Progress Award in 1985, the title of National Model Worker in 1986, and one national award each in 1987 and 1989. Special Prize of Science and Technology Progress Award.
In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the "Two Bombs and One Star Meritorious Service Medal". Because of his great contribution to China's nuclear science, he was called the "Two Bombs Hero."