First, analyze the types of artistic conception.
Q: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Answer step
(1) describe the picture in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.
② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used. For example, loneliness and desolation, tranquility and beauty, magnificence and bleakness. Pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, be specific. For example, it is not enough to just answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also answer why he is "sentimental".
For example:
Two quatrains (I) Du Fu
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
[Note] This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily stayed in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old".
What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.
Reference answer
This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sun, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts and the soil is wet, the swallows are busy building their nests with mud, the sun is shining, the beach is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar. (Step 1) This is a beautiful spring scenery. The second step shows the poet's happy and carefree state of mind after running around and living a stable life. (Step 3)
Second, analytical ability.
Q: What kind of expression is used in this poem?
Title change: please analyze the expression (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?
Solution analysis: Expression technique is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expression skills. Expression techniques can be divided into three categories: lyric techniques, descriptive techniques and rhetorical techniques.
Answer step
(1) Accurately point out the technology used. (2) Explain how this technique is combined with poetry. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.
I went to Chen long ago.
Dewdrops invaded the camel's brown, Han Xiao was bright, and the stars were dry and bright.
Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects singing in the depths of rice fields.
What does this poem mainly express? What's the effect?
Reference answer: mainly use contrast method. (the first step) the sky is not bright, and the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, which sets off the darkness of the night; The sound of grass insects reflects the silence of the environment. (Step 2) The contrast between them highlights the loneliness brought by the poet's early travel and inner wandering. (Step 3)
Thirdly, analytical language types.
Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem?
Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem.
Solution analysis: this question type does not require trying to figure out the clever use of individual words, but tastes the language style of the whole poem. Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, clear and fluent, multi-purpose spoken language, euphemistic and implicit, personable, concise and vivid. ...
Answer steps: (1) Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features. (2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem. (3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed.
Heartbroken in spring
Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree.
They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.
Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.
Reference answer: The language characteristics of this poem are fresh and natural, colloquial (the first step), and "yellow" is a children's voice, which shows the innocence of women. "They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to the camp in western Liaoning to meet him there." In simple language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband (step 2). This naturally shows the woman's longing for her husband (step 3).
Fourth, exquisite fonts.
Q: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why?
Problem variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it?
Solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, which is to ask for the beauty of these refining words. When answering questions, we should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of words in sentences. (2) Expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene. (3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.
Nanpu Bie Bai Juyi
In the bleak drudgery of Nanpu, the autumn wind is bleak.
Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.
According to predecessors, the word "Kan" seems ordinary, but in fact it is very vivid and can truly reveal the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why? .
Reference answer: I agree.
Listen, in poetry, it means looking back. (Step 1) I leave people behind and often look back. Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved. This word makes us seem to see the tearful eyes of the lyric hero, but we want to see them but dare not. (Step 2) Just the word "look" shows the sadness of parting as much as I can. (Step 3)
Fifth, words lead to the whole poetic style.
Q: One word is the key to the whole poem. Why?
Solution analysis: ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem.
Answer steps: The role of the word (1) in highlighting the main idea. (2) Consider the role of words in the structure of poetry.
One spring night, Li Bai heard the flute in Los Angeles.
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?
The word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow"? Do you agree with "key"? Why?
Reference answer: The moral of Broken Willow is "leaving brings homesickness", and the theme of the poem is homesickness. (Step 1) This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute sound of "folding willow". (Step 2) It can be seen that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. (Step 3)
Conclusion: (1) The expression process should be complete. A feeling, an emotion, its expression must have a process. When we express this feeling and emotion, we must make the process clear. (2) Answer as required, with clear focus. Answer whatever you are asked to answer. You are required to analyze artistic conception, environmental description, language characteristics, rhetorical application, etc. And you must see the expression clearly to be targeted and focused. (3) Smooth expression. One refers to the fluency of sentences; Second, it refers to order; The third is to reflect the accuracy of language and proper expression. As long as you really understand, it should be possible to express yourself fluently.
Classical examination questions training in college entrance examination
1. (National Volume 1) Read the following Tang poems and then answer this question.
Spring outing impromptu Li Hua
At the gate of Yiyang, the grass grows and the warbler flies, and the water flows from east to west.
Fragrant trees have no flowers, and birds are singing all the way to the spring mountain.
(1) What rhetorical devices are used in three or four sentences of this poem? Please specify.
When it comes to poetry creation, the ancients once said, "Poetry is not only sentimental, but also beautiful." Please appreciate this poem from the perspectives of "scenery" and "emotion".
The answer is (1) duality. From grass to spring mountain, from flowers to birds, from falling to crying in the air.
(2) This poem describes what the author saw and heard during his spring outing. There are grass, water, trees, mountains, flowers and birds, which can be described as a scene, and each painting has its own characteristics. (Step 1) However, poetry is not pure scenery writing, but full of feelings and scenes. (Step 2) The scenery of "falling flowers" and "singing birds" in the poem shows the tranquility in the mountains, which reveals a trace of sadness and desolation. (Step 3)
2. (Zhejiang Volume) Read the following two ancient poems and then answer this question. (6 points)
Du Mu, a title of Qi 'an County, China.
On the bridge of Erji Sunset Creek, half a ray of light smoke is in the willow shadow.
How many violets depend on each other and hate each other, looking back at the west wind for a while.
Yang Wanli on the lotus pond at dusk
The grass shook its head and suddenly reported Nong, and the shawl stopped a westerly wind.
The lotus is still hot at dusk, and its lower face is hidden in a blue umbrella.
(1) Both poems describe the scenery at the moment of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2 points)
(2) What expressions are used in these two poems to depict the image of "He"? Please point out the different emotional characteristics of "harmony" in the two poems and make a brief analysis. (4 points)
The answer is (1) evening westerly wind (2) personified expression. (Step 1) Violet in the first song contains a poem "Hate" and a poem "Back to the West Wind", which contains the poet's hate, shows the feeling of grief and indignation, and has a melancholy tone. The "Lotus" of the latter song was blown by the west wind and hid in the lotus leaf, which seemed to be "hot" but actually shy. (Step 2) Reveal the author's love and joy in a lively and interesting tone. (Step 3)
3. (Liaoning Volume) Read the following two poems and then answer this question. (8 points)
Jiangning three (three) boats build streams.
Song o Wang Anshi Song o Fang
At dusk, at the mouth of Fan Luo River, the shops didn't turn off the lights and close. The passenger ship ended in the evening of Puyue, and the outdoor shop had no lights to close.
Sha Feng, who left the shore sideways, was half dead. This mooring should have been marked last year. Sha Feng, who has already landed, is half dead, and the moored boat still bears the mark of last year.
(1) The word "moonlight at dusk" is used in the first sentence of the two poems, and the meaning is basically the same. What kind of atmosphere did these two poems create? What kind of mood is expressed? Please briefly appreciate the specific content of this poem. (4 points)
(2) Which is better to use "should" or "or" in the last sentence of the two poems? Why? Please enjoy it briefly. (4 points)
Answer (1) The word "moonlight dusk" creates an atmosphere for the two poems and sets the basic tone for expressing feelings. Passenger ships, "unlit" wild (small) shops, and half-dead maple trees are all shrouded in the dim moonlight. (Step 1) Create a melancholy, bleak and silent atmosphere. (Step 2) Express the poet's lonely and frustrated mood. (Step 3) 2 points for "atmosphere" and "mood".
(2) There can be two answers: ① "should" is better. The word "you should" is rich in connotation, which conveys the poet's complex mood when he is trying to find the old shadow in loneliness. He is hopeful and confident, frustrated and disappointed, and even more unwilling to find it, which can be described as vivid; The word "you still have" has no such interest.
(2) "And" is better. The word "you still have it" came out naturally, but unexpectedly kept the trace of tying the boat last year to this day, which shows that there are not many tourists staying here, further conveying the poet's lonely and frustrated mood; But the word "should" can't express this meaning.
4. (Tianjin Volume) Read the following poem and then answer this question (6 points).
Huzhou Song (VI) Southern Song Dynasty-Wang Yuanliang
Looking at the endless clouds in the north, Dajiangdong went to the water.
The sun sets outside Western jackdaw, in four hundred states.
[Note] This poem was written when the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty and the author was escorted to the north by the Yuan Army.
(1) On the role of "Wang" in poetry.
(2) A brief analysis of the different feelings expressed by "the river flows away from the great river east" and Su Dongpo's "the river flows away from the great river east, and he is a romantic figure through the ages".
The answer (1) behind the word "Wang" are misty clouds, great rivers, sunset clouds, western Western jackdaw and so on. (the first step) plays a leading role in the description of the whole poem. (Step 2)
(2) Dajiangdong has been gone for a long time, which expresses the author's grief at the irreversible moment of national decline and focuses on reality. Su Shi's poems express his feelings about the historical cycle and the absence of heroes, focusing on nostalgia. Z W T