1. Determine the style and understand the content.
As far as the national language volume is concerned, the selected articles read by literary works for more than ten years are essays, and it is not difficult for candidates to determine the genre of articles in the examination room; Connecting with other provinces and cities, we can see that literary works are mainly read in prose style.
After determining the genre of the article, you should read it carefully to understand the content of the article. The reading of literary works is generally located in prose, mostly works by famous artists in their early years or masterpieces by non-famous artists in recent years, mainly lyric prose; Themes mostly show rural complex, rural life, study time, character scanning, local customs, scenic spots, travel experience, social thinking, moral cultivation, life sentiment and so on. And most of them express their thoughts, love and praise for their motherland, hometown and relatives, and their experience of life and society, which shows the author's pursuit of the true meaning of life, his perception of life glory, his concern for social life and his attention to character, personality and humanity.
For example, the prose expressing rural life is mostly poetry describing rural life and expressing yearning for rural life; Describe the author's childhood life and express his yearning for his hometown; Describe the disappearance of farming culture and show concern for rural life; Describe the history of the countryside and look back at the spirit embodied in this history; Describing the relationship between rural areas and cities shows that rural areas are not only the material providers of cities, but also the origin of urban spirit. This kind of prose vividly shows the details of rural life, and always shows concern for the countryside, rural culture and villagers through a comprehensive or partial description of rural life. The selected essays are My Hometown written by Sun Li in 2004, The Fragrance of Sunshine written by Lin Qingxuan in 2006 and Mianmiantu written by Han Niu in 2006.
2. Analyze the structure and straighten out the thinking.
Whether narrative, lyric, argumentative, generally have such characteristics:
The article begins with scenes, stories, famous sayings and feelings. The role of these contents is to pave the way and set off the background, with the aim of leading to the following description, narration or positioning of the emotional tone of the article. Such a beginning can often determine the theme of the article, arouse the reader's * * *, and clarify the clues of the article.
The main part of the article, or recalling the past, looking forward to the future, or associating and imagining things in different places, or describing, lyrical and narrative. It aims to take care of the topic, respond to the beginning, and express the views of the article center and the author. In the meantime, use keywords to express emotions and use important sentences to express the author's thoughts; Use writing techniques such as bedding, care and transition to make the article structure rigorous; Use all kinds of rhetoric to enhance the expressive ability of the article, and use symbols, comparisons and other methods to express the author's ambition.
Finally, from small to large, generally from nature to life and society; Zhang Xianzhi showed the author's profound understanding of things; Point the topic again, deepen the theme, etc.
From the structural analysis of prose, we can see that reading prose should learn to analyze the structure of the article, analyze the author's thoughts from the materials used in prose, summarize the theme of the article and evaluate the author's views. On the basis of paying attention to the whole article, we have a microscopic understanding of the meaning of words and sentences, a typical classification of material types, appreciation of the language characteristics and image characteristics of the article, appreciation of the expressive significance of the article's expression skills to the article's thoughts, and evaluation of the author's views and thoughts.
3. Identify the problem and grasp the train of thought
Understanding the structural content and ideological content of the article is the basis for answering reading questions, and then you can answer them according to specific questions and your understanding of the article.
① Understand the meaning of words.
Most of the words required to be understood in scientific and technological articles are the main explanatory objects or concepts, such as the understanding of a pair of main explanatory concepts "Argos" in the national volume in 2006 and the understanding of "Gao" in the Temple of Heaven in the Beijing volume. Most of these words carry the main information of the article, which is the main object of understanding and the key point for readers to understand the article. Many questions require candidates to judge whether the representation and essential characteristics of the objects (concepts) in the options conform to the text.
Most words that need to be understood in literary works have referential meaning, rhetorical meaning, contextual meaning and temporary meaning. The meaning of this word is often not the dictionary meaning of the word itself, but through understanding the sentences and paragraphs of the article, combining the theme of the article and the author's views and thoughts.
To answer the meaning of words, the contents of thinking and expression are: the dictionary meaning of words, the expression meaning, and the author's emotion.
2 understand the meaning of the sentence.
Most of the important sentences in scientific and technological texts are complex sentences, rhetorical sentences, central sentences, structural relations or sentences that mainly explain the essential characteristics of the object. For example, the understanding of parenthesis "if it is not impossible" in Zhejiang volume in 2006 and "flowers have changed everything" in Liaoning volume in 2006. The test questions are required to analyze the characteristics of the content expressed in the sentence and judge whether the content of the options conforms to the essential characteristics of the ideas and things expressed in the article.
Reading important sentences in literary works are mostly sentences that express the theme of the article, the author's thoughts, use rhetoric and are full of philosophy. For example, in 2006, Liaoning Volume asked to understand the meaning that "only weeping willows can best symbolize the spirit of spring".
The idea of answering questions is to explain the meaning of the sentence itself, reflect the structural characteristics of the article, and express the author's feelings or the central meaning of the article.
③ Screening and integrating information.
The information of literary works mainly refers to the characteristics of various materials used in the article, the author's ideological characteristics and the expression of various characteristics of things. The test questions require the analysis of materials according to certain standards, the analysis and induction of materials under certain standards, and finally the integration into the content required by the test questions.
The idea of information filtering in comprehensive articles is to filter relevant paragraphs according to specific standards, relevant sentences according to paragraph content, keywords according to specific sentences, and synthesize all information according to certain expression standards.
④ Summarize the main points. The induction and generalization mainly include the analysis and generalization of the structure, ideas, the author's ideas and the theme of the article. This analysis mainly examines the overall understanding of the article, starting with two forms of expression of the article, analyzes the understanding and analysis of the external performance (structure) and internal performance (thought) of the article, and summarizes the content under certain standards. For example, in the Fujian volume in 2006, it is required to analyze and summarize the specific contents of several kinds of laughter that the author dare not breathe loudly. This test requires summarizing and summarizing the main material contents of the article.
The analysis of the structure and thinking of the article and the general idea of answering questions are: analyze the characteristics of the materials used in the article, analyze the concrete embodiment of the author's emotions, analyze the author's thinking process, and integrate according to specific problems.
The general idea of analyzing the author's ideas and answering questions is to analyze the change or continuation of the author's emotions in each paragraph, the presentation of the theme of the article, and the author's emotional attitude towards the listed things. So as to get the author's emotional attitude in the article.
The summary of the center of the article can be grasped through the materials used in the article, the author's attitude towards the objects in the article and the feelings expressed by the author. First write the main content of the article, then the writer's feelings, and then write the social significance of the article's reaction.
⑤ Appreciate and evaluate the article. Appreciation questions require appreciation of the language, image and expression skills of the article. The evaluation mainly examines the judgment of the main content of the article, the expressive function of the sentence, the function of the article materials, the intention of the article and the expression of feelings.
The appreciation of prose language is mainly investigated from the aspects of language style, language characteristics and the characteristics of words used in the article. Generally speaking, the language style of prose includes conciseness, accuracy, vividness, beauty, vividness, thought-provoking, rich in connotation, rich in literary talent, humorous, infectious, elegant, lively, concise, concise and gorgeous. The language style of prose can be judged by analyzing the characteristics of words used in the article. Language features mainly refer to the characteristics of prose in narrative, description, lyricism, discussion and other expressions.
Prose image appreciation mainly includes character image, scene image and thing image. The content of appreciation is to summarize the image characteristics of the characters and analyze the meaning of the characters. Analyze the characteristics of scenery and realize the role of scenery description in this paper; Analyze the characteristics of things with props, and understand the role of things in promoting the development of plots, shaping characters and expressing emotions.
The appreciation of prose expression skills can be divided into three aspects: expression, writing technique and rhetorical features. The ways of expression can be divided into narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. If we look at the relationship between narration, description and lyricism, we can realize the blending of scenes and express our will. If we look at simple narrative and description, we can appreciate the contrast skills (dynamic and static, virtual and real, light and dark, etc. ). Writing techniques include foreshadowing, contrast, rendering, caring, symbolizing, seeing the big from the small and expressing ambitions.
In short, the answer to the reading questions of literary works is a comprehensive thinking process to mobilize one's own knowledge accumulation, personal experience and emotional experience. We should start with the analysis of the content, structure, thinking and theme of the article and answer according to the specific requirements of the question type.