The image of black-faced Zhang Fei originated from the most popular puppet show in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which is nothing more than the classic description in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: eight feet long, leopard head, leopard eyes, mustache, loud thunder and galloping horses.
This is obviously a stupid image, and many people will never forget the association after drinking Meng Po Tang. But can Ann take the description of popular literature seriously?
The earliest record that Zhang Fei had a beard and was different from ordinary people's beard was not the official history, but a popular literary form in Sui and Tang Dynasties, called water puppet show. Zhang Fei's puppet image is a pinch of tiger whiskers across his face, which makes children feel funny. Li Shangyin vividly recorded this scene with poems: either teasing Zhang or laughing at Wargo.
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Pinghua became popular. Folk artists gave Zhang Fei a big plastic surgery according to their own aesthetic appreciation of heroes and their own personality characteristics, and roughly shaped his image as a rough man. For example, the description of Zhang Fei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms goes like this: there was a man named Zhang, named Yide, who was from Fanyang, Yanbang County. He was born with a leopard head and leopard eyes, a beard, more than nine feet long and a bell ringing. Traces of primitive totem worship can be found vaguely.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms changed the original length of Zhang Fei from more than nine feet to eight feet and gave it to Guan Yu. However, the word "leopard with eyes and beard" has remained, which has become the basic feature of Zhang Fei's black and headstrong image. It can be seen that Luo Guanzhong's basis, which combines folklore and peace talk, aims to highlight the folk aesthetics of Zhang Fei's personality elements such as courage, recklessness, loyalty and generosity, and is unreliable.
It is a little hot to infer that Zhang Fei is a handsome man because his daughter is a queen. At least it is quite popular among a group of petty bourgeoisie who love the Three Kingdoms, which may be influenced by the trend of reversing the verdict in the historical circle. At present, there are many similar words. However, if you read and scrutinize carefully, it is not difficult to find that many so-called textual researches are actually guesses.
For example, some petty bourgeoisie, based on Yuan Zaju, said that the actors in Yuan Zaju, such as Lu Bu of Dan Zhan, Xiao Pei of San Chu and Zhang Fei, all had big eyes and square faces. Although it is a bad face, it mainly represents justice on the stage of national drama, just as a red face represents a loyal minister and a white face represents a traitor, it does not mean that Zhang Fei really has a bad face. So Zhang Fei, who took off his makeup, was a handsome man with big eyes and a square face, so people compared the face of a handsome man to that of Zhang Fei at that time.
There is also a saying that textual research and genetics are almost integrated.
It is said that Zhang Feishan knows calligraphy and painting, and his lifelong hobby is painting beauty. The basis is that the cliff stone carvings in the northeast of Quxian County, Sichuan Province are suspected of Zhang Fei's handwriting, and Zhang Fei, a native of Zhuozhou, is good at painting beauties. From this, it can be inferred that Zhang Fei is a man with both civil and military skills and a good artistic aesthetic. How can such a person be a black face? In addition, it is pointed out that Zhang Fei's two daughters have successively become the queens of the late Liu Chan. In feudal times, if you were not an extremely beautiful woman, you would not be a queen. If Zhang Fei looks like a leopard, I'm afraid his daughter's charming face will not be much better.
The public face is closer to real history. In this respect, the author of the reflection is more rational. When I made a biography of Zhang Fei, I wrote all about eating, drinking, making friends, fighting and marrying, but I didn't add a big photo to Zhang Fei. It seems to imply that Zhang Fei looks ordinary, not good-looking or ugly, and there is nothing to write, so he didn't write it.
Has Chen Shou met Zhang Fei? Real people must have never seen it. According to the chronology, Zhang Fei died in AD 22 1 year, and Chen Shoucai was born after 12 years. But Chen Shou is no stranger to Zhang Fei's appearance. His teacher Qiao Zhou may have seen Zhang Fei's face and will give him an intuitive description.
In 2 18, in Xichong, Sichuan, Qiao Zhou's hometown, Zhang Fei, as the Brazilian satrap, fought with the famous Cao Wei Zhang for more than 50 days. At this time, Qiao Zhou is about 17 years old, or can witness it; A few years later, in 2 14, Zhang Fei led an army to join forces with Liu Bei in Chengdu, and Qiaozhou just stayed at his uncle's house in 1998. * * * How can a child not come out to watch the fun at such a big event in town? Even if you can't get too close, you should look at it from a distance. When Chen Shou was studying in Shu Han, Qiao Zhou was already an important official in the imperial court, a famous Confucian master and historian in China, and the identity of the latter was particularly crucial.
Most people who are engaged in history love truth; Zhang Fei is also one of the three outstanding figures in Shu and Han dynasties (the other two are Guan Yu and Zhuge Liang), and his personal affairs must be the focus of the historian's account and inheritance. In other words, Qiao Zhou has no reason not to tell his students what Zhang Fei looks like.
In addition, Chen Shou's inauguration experience may give him a chance to see Zhang Fei's portrait. Does Zhang Fei have a portrait? Of course, there must be some mistakes. There was a system of painting emperors, heroes and queens in the early Han Dynasty. Zhang Fei's lofty position in the small court of Shu Han decided that he would have a portrait, but we can't see it today. Now, Chen Shou once served as general Wei's main book, secretary of the East View, pavilion director and assistant minister of Huangmen. In today's popular words, he is absolutely in the center of power in the circle. How can he not see Zhang Fei's portrait? If Zhang Fei's appearance belongs to the characteristic kind, whether it is good-looking or ugly, he will not forget it unless it belongs to the medium level.
It can be seen that Zhang Fei may be a public face, and no one pays attention to it among thousands of people.