There is an inseparable relationship between man and the environment. No matter in the past, present or future, human beings are constantly transforming the environment and creating not only usable but also beautiful environmental space. The meaning of a city is not only the accumulation of artificial structures such as buildings, streets and shops, but also the social, cultural, economic, political and colorful life of urban residents accompanied by many functional facilities and hard landscapes. From the external visual image, the city is composed of its plane structure, skyline, various buildings, market facilities, regional landmarks, open space, planting gardens, shuttle vehicles and so on. However, these are all the material forms formed by urban people under the selected and selected behavior patterns, which contain profound natural laws, social psychology, humanistic feelings and historical vicissitudes.
Lewis, a famous urbanist and architect in the 20th century? In his masterpiece "History of Urban Development", Mount Ford pointed out: "If the life realized by the city is not a compliment to itself, then all the sacrifices made for the development and formation of the city are cost-free. Neither expanded power nor limited material wealth can make up for the beauty, joy and family enjoyment lost even for one day. " "When we walk in the city, we can find that this phenomenon is not preliminary. The surrounding buildings seem to talk and act, just like the residents living in them; In addition, through the material structure of the city, past events, decisions made long ago, and long-established values, it has always existed and exuded influence. "
This is to fully understand the role of urban environment and people in the process of urban environmental construction. As learners of urban ecology, we did an internship in the northwest suburb of Beijing on April 5, 2003.
First, the internship overview
At 8: 00 in the morning, we set out from the front of the second floor of Peking University Yifu, passed Guanghua Building, Library, Yannan Garden, Li Dazhao's bronze statue and Cai Yuanpei's bronze statue, arrived at the south bank of Weiming Lake, watched the stone fish, left the west gate of Peking University, passed Weixiu Garden, Chengze Garden, Haidian Park, Liulangzhuang and Beijing's urban green belt, arrived at the south Ruyi Gate of the Summer Palace, looked at the Jingmi diversion canal outside the door, and then went in from the south Ruyi Gate of the Summer Palace. Along the way, I made some investigations on natural and human landscapes such as greening and architecture, obtained some information, and got some thoughts and conclusions of my own.
Second, the internship content and analysis
1, about a controversial road
Walking into the east gate of Peking University, you can see a wide and straight road. As one of the few wide and straight roads in Peking University, it is a controversial road, and the neat and well-maintained lawn on the roadside announces a brand-new modern and international Peking University. Around this road, there are many modern buildings in Peking University-Science Building No.1 and No.2, Yifu Building No.1, Yifu Building No.2, Yifu Garden, Science Teaching Building and so on. At the end of this road, there are antique buildings with traditional charm.
Many people think that the width and straightness of the pavement are not in harmony with the antique roofs of the surrounding buildings. In addition to neat artificial lawns, both sides of the road are neatly planted and almost excessively small trees, while at the end of the road are tall and shady trees that have grown for many years, and the feeling of disharmony is even stronger.
This probably involves the so-called "visual adaptability". Many times we rarely consider the specific environment, but simply apply a model that looks very good and advanced, ignoring the special requirements of the specific environment for human facilities such as buildings.
Maybe this is also a planning problem. Just like the new buildings and old buildings that can be seen everywhere in Peking University campus complement each other, it may not be a perfect choice.
2. The Xanadu on campus-Yannan Garden
Yannan Garden is one of the smaller gardens in Peking University. There are only a dozen exquisite and elegant two-story buildings and bungalows in the garden, which is the residential area of Professor Peking University. People often say that "famous professors of Peking University don't all live in Yannan Garden, but they all live in Yannan Garden". Only in 1950s, Ma Yinchu, Tang Yongtong, Zhou Peiyuan, Feng Youlan, Zhu Guangqian, Wang Li and Wei moved in. Ms Bingxin had such a life when she was teaching in yenching university. This is enough to reflect its profound connotation and cultural accumulation.
The independent residential model of Yannan Garden is an ideal environment for old professors to study. As an old professor pointed out in an interview, although it is a bit old, he will not think of changing the old pattern of the house. One reason is that although many books are donated to the library, the collection of books at home also makes it inconvenient to decorate. However, the more crucial point-the pattern of old houses is an environment that can make people calm down and study. Years of accumulation have made this small garden full of scholarly atmosphere. ...
So, besides this book, what does it mean to people who have lived here for a long time?
During the internship, the interviewees were mainly elderly people over 60 years old, who lived here for more than 35 years. They generally think that Yannan Garden has a good living environment. First of all, it is located on a platform higher than the surrounding terrain, which is a good geographical environment. At the same time, various plants provide a harmonious ecological environment for the garden. As a distinctive residential garden, Yannan Garden has attracted tourists from all walks of life. Teachers and students from the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University have sketched here and studied its architectural features.
However, Yannan Garden also has some shortcomings. Respondents generally pointed out the following points:
First, tourists broke the original tranquility and neatness, and passing cars raised dust and made noise, which caused great damage to the environment in the park.
The second is the problem of public toilets. The land occupied by public toilets used to be a children's playground, but due to neglect of management, the construction of public toilets not only put an end to children's play, but also had a great impact on the environment. In fact, in Yannan Garden, each independent house has its own sanitary facilities, and the establishment of public toilets only provides convenience for small vendors outside the garden. As one of the few outdoor public toilets in Peking University campus, its establishment is naturally meaningful. However, it may not be reasonable to locate it in Yannan Garden with profound cultural background and connotation, and to locate it in Yannan Garden where old professors study and study.
The third is the contradiction between office and residence. As an interviewee pointed out, some houses in Yannan Garden were allocated to some administrative agencies by the school, and the office of administrative agencies further broke the tranquility of the garden, which can not but cause deep thought.
The charm of Yan Nan Garden represents a part of the charm of Peking University, that is, the style of learning and the pleasant temperament. Its integrity is an inseparable part of Peking University. Perhaps, its tranquility should not be broken and watched. ...
3. Changes of Apple Orchard-Jingyuan Lawn
The famous Jingyuan lawn used to be an apple orchard. As a lawn, it replaced the position of the east lawn. The former East Lawn is now in the position of the new library. It used to be a romantic lawn that students loved very much. A Peking University student wrote: "The East Lawn is the land to the east of the old library of Peking University. It used to be a stage for Gao gang to fool little girls with broken guitars at Peking University, and it was also a good place for our Peking University students to study and rest. Many couples in Peking University met, knew each other and fell in love on the East Lawn, and they have deeper feelings for this lawn. ..... Li Ka-shing said: It's a pity that this land is empty. I will give you some money to build half a library. A year later, there is no sight of one person reporting one book here. A more solemn building than the Supreme People's Court has drowned many stories that should have happened. " (Source: campus.chinaren.com)
After the students strongly demanded, the original apple orchard was changed into a lawn. The romance of the lawn has been restored, but the rare orchard on campus has been lost forever. It's always a pity.
Compatibility can be really difficult. Over the years, in order to accept more and more scholars and connect with the international community, many original natural and man-made unique scenery can only give way to new buildings, which has aroused the feelings of countless old Peking University people. And development is always necessary, the key is how to develop, how to use the land in the right place, and leave our pride in other places. If one day, the unnamed lake begins to shrink, or new buildings stand around the unnamed lake, that is our real sorrow.
"One Tower Lake Map" is not the whole of Peking University. The spirit of Peking University is very broad, and the pride of Peking University lies in the harmonious unity of culture, science and nature it creates. ...
4. Originality-The Road to the Unknown Lake
The North Campus of Peking University can be said to be full of ancient charm, just like the traditional gardens in China, giving people a heavy sense of thought and history in the beautiful romance. "Life in Peking University is closer to the traditional literati," said a Tsinghua student who always likes to linger on the unnamed lake. This kind of scholar-bureaucrat spirit can also be reflected from the path leading to the unnamed lake. Its shade and quietness constitute the unique scenery of Peking University.
All kinds of plants grow along this quiet path. What is striking is the stone under the snow pine, and its unique use is refreshing. The wax at the bottom of pine needles is acidic. If it falls into the soil, the soil will be affected by acidification, and the soil quality will become worse, so that dust will fly when it is windy. Moreover, stones can prevent dust, thus ensuring the freshness and cleanliness of roads and air here.
The eaves of traditional buildings along the road provide a good living environment for birds such as sparrows, and the sound of birds is endless. Here, the real integration of man and nature is a rare landscape.
Xinhuanet reported on June 6, 2002 as follows: (Source: www.sohu.com)
Walking into the campus of Peking University, groups of magpies and other birds can be seen everywhere on the branches, on the grass, next to the teaching building, in front of the library, by the unnamed lake and at the top of Boya Tower, and there is a scene of "birds singing around the campus".
/kloc-Zhang Liming, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of Peking University, who graduated from the Chinese Department of Peking University 0/9 years ago, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that he had seen magpies on campus when he was in college, but not as many as now. At first, it was estimated that there were thousands of them. Now, not only magpies can be seen on campus, but also wild animals such as squirrels and hedgehogs, as well as white swans flying over the unnamed lake. While speaking, the reporter saw magpies flying by the window of his office from time to time.
"Now, Peking University campus has become a paradise for all kinds of birds and animals. Campus is full of dignified and heavy green juniper, vigorous and simple Chinese pine, gorgeous and elegant white pine, golden and rich ginkgo trees and other evergreen trees and spring and autumn trees. According to the investigation of the Department of Landscape Architecture in Peking University, there are 4 16 ancient trees in the whole school, of which 30 are over 300 years old and 386 are over 100 years old.
Zhang Liming said: "A good ecological environment has become an important part of Peking University campus culture." Every holiday, thousands of tourists from all over the world come to Peking University campus to feel the cultural atmosphere. "
Yes, we are really working hard on ecological construction. Just like we later saw a magpie who was not afraid of people at the gate of the West School. Sincere joy, rising ...
5. The island in the middle of the lake and the stone fish with its tail turning.
The shadows of the lake and the tower make people linger. The unnamed lake has outstanding scenery and has become a symbol of the scenery of Peking University. The willows by the lake are graceful, with drooping branches, patting the water, and Boyata's reflection is looming in the water. Opposite the lake is a stone boat, and the islands in the lake are dotted with tower views. The quiet island in the middle of the lake is a pearl on the unnamed lake. Turning tail stone fish is a unique scenery in the lake.
Only from the teacher did I know the story behind it. The island used to be an excellent environment for the vigorous growth of plants such as reeds, and it was a small environment with extremely harmonious ecology, which together with rock fish constituted a unique landscape. However, in the centennial celebration, in order to better introduce and explain, the school set up an explanation board on the island, attracting a large number of tourists to the island, and the growth of reeds was greatly affected by human activities until the reeds completely disappeared from the island.
Fortunately, the school has realized this, and the indicator board seen today has been transferred from the island to the lake. An ecosystem with self-recovery ability should be able to return to its original state after long-term development. In the near future, we can have an excellent ecological island again, but not all the mistakes can be made up. Sometimes, an unwise decision will lead to great regret. This shows the long-term nature of planning. I just hope the story on the island can bring us some enlightenment.
6. Weixiu Garden and Changchun Garden
Yan Garden with a long history is our pride.
"Peking University Yanyuan Campus became a famous scenic spot in the suburbs of Beijing as early as the Jin Dynasty. The large-scale construction of gardens in the Ming Dynasty became a "gift garden" for feudal emperors in the Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, it became the campus of yenching university. The campus land includes eight ancient garden sites, including Yuan Shao Garden, Shu Chun Garden, He Ming Garden, Jing Chun Garden, Langrun Garden, Weixiu Garden, Chengze Garden and Zhibeizi Garden. It is adjacent to Yuanmingyuan in location, and similar to several gardens in Yuanmingyuan Spring Garden in content and gardening style. It is different from the royal gardens in Yu Hongli and the private gardens in the mountains. After vicissitudes of life, many ancient gardens were burned by imperialist powers or occupied and sold by warlords along with Yuanmingyuan, and many of them have been razed to the ground. ..... Shuchun Garden, Langrun Garden, Heming Garden and Chengze Garden are all survivors, and the hills among them are well preserved so far, which are the testimony of the long history of the campus and precious cultural relics.
"1920, Peking Union Medical College University, Peking Union Medical College Women's University and Beijing Huiwen University merged to form yenching university. The headmaster bought Shuchunyuan and its former site in the south from the warlord Chen for 60,000 silver dollars. The American architect H.Y.Mrphg was responsible for the campus planning and design, and the construction started at 192 1 65438+. The campus originally covered 40 hectares with 800 students. From 1928 to 193 1, Longrun Garden, Heming Garden, Jingchun Garden, Weixiu Garden and Chengze Garden were successively acquired as welfare areas for staff quarters. At the same time, Zhibeizi Garden was also purchased as the practice base of the Department of Agriculture of Yanda University. The function and environment of Yan Garden in Weiming Lake of Peking University are unified, and the architectural art and environment are coordinated. The single building with traditional national style is integrated with the ancient garden style, the crisscross arrangement of architectural axes and the garden environment penetrate each other, and the application of architectural group motif constitutes a harmonious rhythm. The spatial sequence of architecture blending with mountains, rivers and trees gives people a variety of beautiful feelings. "
(Source: Peking University Institute of Education)
Looking back, we have a desire to know more. What gardens are the residential areas for faculty and staff today?
Walking into Weixiu Garden, the charm of the old garden is faintly discernible. However, the feeling that "the spatial sequence of buildings, mountains, roads and trees gives people all kinds of beautiful feelings" is gone. Buildings and bungalows show their existence on the same plane, while asphalt roads and dirt roads show their functions on the same lake. Because several small hotels with very poor conditions and low prices have been built here, the people coming and going are even more varied, which destroys the quiet and comfortable environment. Due to excessive opening to the outside world and poor management, Weixiu Garden is very disappointing today. There is rubbish everywhere, and poor restaurants and equally poor hotels make people lose interest. ...
So, how do the residents who have lived here for a long time react?
Most residents near the lake are "dirty and messy"-garbage can be seen everywhere, and the exhaust gas emitted by bungalows near the lake seriously pollutes the environment. The lake mainly comes from Wanquan River, and it doesn't release water in winter. In summer, it stinks because of pollution, and mosquitoes flock.
As for the residents whose houses are a little far from the lake, they think that life here is not satisfactory except for poor management. And the location is convenient, close to the Summer Palace, Xiangshan and Peking University headquarters, which is more suitable for living. An old man who looks like a scholar said that "few universities can have the environment of Peking University". An old man who seems to be eighty or ninety years old and lives with his son said, "The environment is OK, and it is getting better every day."
One problem that residents generally reflect is that there is no large supermarket nearby, which makes shopping inconvenient.
In Changchun Garden, we met the same problem. I think the main reason for this situation is poor management. An old lady who used to work in the canteen of Peking University told us many questions in detail after repeatedly asking us to prove that she was a student of Peking University. We are very moved by her maintenance of Peking University's reputation. However, as the dormitory of Peking University, it can not improve the management level, and even become the residence of migrant workers in Beijing, which can not be ignored. In the long run, it is impossible for residents to maintain the reputation of the garden and Peking University.
7. Wanquan Cultural Park
Park is a concentrated space for the integration of public art and green ecology. After the middle of the 20th century, industrialization and urbanization in Europe and America developed rapidly, and urban space expanded and spread with the development of population and economy. Especially in the post-industrial era, the industrial and mining production and processing forms, under the heavy pressure of urban housing, energy, transportation, communication and the overall ecological environment, show a vicious development trend, resulting in the diversity of natural ecology, animals and plants and the richness and integrity of human historical and cultural types. This is especially true in poor and developing countries. The parks set up in the central areas and suburbs of many big cities are far from enough to obviously improve and optimize the urban environment, but most of them only play a role in regulating and soothing the physical and mental depression and ecological environment damage caused by the pursuit of high concentration, high speed, high return and high consumption in urban society, or are temporary stopgap measures and escapes.
Nevertheless, the park more or less represents people's prayer and symbolic return to the natural scenery or pastoral scenery that was missing in the farming era. In many urban streets, squares and community centers, the functions of public communication and leisure places have gradually lost, lacking beautiful green ecological environment quality, so a good park will show the value of its urban garden and "lung of the city".
Wanquan Cultural Park was established under this background. It used to be a morning market, but it was cleaned up and built into a park, which became a good place for nearby residents to exercise and relax. It is a semi-open urban street park, including rockeries, lawns and other landscapes, as well as public entertainment facilities such as children's play area, elderly fitness area, dance floor and roller skating rink. What is commendable is that the ground here is paved with soft materials, which is both beautiful and protective. We arrived here at about 10 in the morning. Many children are playing, many middle-aged and elderly people are exercising and many people are flying kites here. This is a lively scene.
We interviewed tourists at random. During the interview, most tourists said that they lived nearby and often came here, sometimes just for fun. Most of them said that "the environment is ok, the equipment is good, much better than before". Parents with children expressed confidence in their children's safety. Most of the dissatisfaction focuses on the hygiene of public toilets. It is said that the public toilets here often have cross-flow of sewage because they are unattended, which destroys the original clean and beautiful environment. In addition, the lack of trees leads to no place to enjoy the cool in summer, which leads to people walking in the morning or evening and losing their use value during the day. This is a deficiency.
Wanquan Cultural Park is a successful plan in general. If we can strengthen the management of the park and make some efforts in some subtle places, it should be a masterpiece of ecological construction in the western suburbs of Beijing.
8. Wanquan River
Walking to Wanquan River, the smell is pungent. The river is white with foam, and it is already dark. The reason is that the discharge of a large amount of sewage has exceeded its self-purification ability. The artificialization of the river makes it break away from the natural life process and greatly reduces its self-purification ability.
With deep regret for the pollution of Wanquan River, I looked up some relevant information on the Internet.
On February 22, 2000, Beijing Morning Post published a report entitled "People complain that the lake in Peking University campus stinks". The report pointed out that since the winter, the lake in the campus of Peking University has been frozen slowly, with white foam floating on the lake and smelly rotten eggs. During the investigation, the reporter found that the fish in the lake clung to the ice surface, attracting people to dig for fish. According to experienced people, fish only float to the surface to absorb oxygen when they are short of oxygen, which shows that the lake is short of oxygen because of pollution. At this time, Wanquan River did not freeze. According to the staff of Wanquan River Management Station of Haidian District River Management Office, Wanquan River is a river used for drainage in Haidian District, and lakes in Peking University and Tsinghua rely on this river to surround lakes. The river froze a few years ago, but it didn't freeze in those years because there were oily pollutants in the river. The staff also told reporters that the fish caught from this water may be polluted and residents must not eat it.
On February 25th, 2000, Beijing Morning Post published a report entitled "Pollution of Wanquan River in Beijing is Difficult to Solve". Director Wang of Haidian District River Institute pointed out in an interview that Wanquan River, which has been seriously polluted, could not find the source of sewage. The only expedient measure to solve the stench of Peking University residents is to introduce clean water from Jingmi diversion canal and flush the river. "But the good times will not last long. After two or three days, the water will still be like this. " Why can't you find out the source of sewage? The original Wanquan River was rebuilt by 1982. After the transformation, the river is taken from Jingmi. In the past two years, the municipal construction in Haidian District has been accelerating. In order to save money and save trouble, some units and individuals directly discharge sewage into rainwater pipes for rainwater drainage in rainy days, resulting in sewage directly flowing into Wanquan River. Because of the limitation of funds and manpower in the bureau, these private pipelines can't be found out, so the pollution sources can't be revealed.
What is even more surprising is another report entitled "White and tender skin, a strange frog swam out of Wanquan River in Beijing". On June 5438+0, 2006, a Mr. Chen found a "strange frog" in Wanquan River near the west gate of Tsinghua. It is flesh-colored, without any patterns, and the skin surface is very smooth. The hind legs of the strange frog are particularly thick, the red muscles on the legs are clearly visible, and the forelimbs are particularly small, so they can't support their bodies when squatting. The staff of Beijing Wildlife Conservation Station said that this may be an albino frog. Albinism is a mutation phenomenon caused by gene mutation, which may occur in many wild animals such as mammals, birds and amphibians. There are many factors that cause albinism, and river pollution is one of them. This fully shows the seriousness of water pollution in Wanquan River.
(Source: www.sina.com.cn)
Needless to say, the water pollution of Wanquan River has reached a very serious level, and its pollution has had a bad impact on the surrounding water environment. Controlling pollution sources should be the most fundamental solution, and the Environmental Protection Agency claims that pollution sources cannot be found out, so a thorough and resolute environmental protection action is even more important. If we are determined to do it, it is impossible for pollution sources not to appear. Administrative management and measures need to be further strengthened.
9. Green isolation belt
On the way to Liulangzhuang, you can see a big slogan-"Protect forests and green spaces and consolidate greening achievements". It was established by Haidian Municipal Administration Committee. You can also see a group of soldiers carrying tools to plant trees. This reminds us of the ongoing green belt construction activities in Beijing. This building aroused my interest in the historical changes in the western suburbs of Beijing. I found some information.
Changes of "Haidian"
Mr. Tao Shilong wrote in The Watertown Scenery in the South of the Yangtze River in Haidian in History —— According to Hou Renzhi, there is a lake in Haidian before the Excerpt of Yat Sen. 1948 When I came to Beijing, I went to Peking University Campus and the Summer Palace via yenching university. When I turned north and west, I saw a big reed pond; It was still there in the early 1950s. Most of the roadside is farmland, which is rich in water and soil. There are many rice and lotus roots in the west of Beijing, and then I don't know when it disappeared. "
Mr. Hou Renzhi's Yi Xian Ji mentioned:
"In the Qing Dynasty, the gardens around Haidian were densely covered with lakes, and there was a lot of water outside the garden. Wind-lotus fragrant rice is planted in the field, just like a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, as evidenced by poetry.
Suddenly he led the wild to the rivers and lakes and painted a boat under the moon.
A few waves of light are even too liquid and scattered. -Qing people chant the scenery of the predecessor of Weiming Lake.
Lan Ruo is looking for Xiao Liang in his spare time.
On both sides of the river, poplars are chirping and canoes are full of rice wind. -Gan Longyong sailed from the West Garden of Changchun Garden to Shenghua Temple, describing the scenery of the water town near Bagou at that time. "
Is this change progress, or error and retrogression?
Disappearing scenery: Liulang village in western Beijing
Liulangzhuang, Haidian, faces the Changhe River in the east and the Summer Palace in the west. After 500 years of residence, there are now thousands of families, known as the first village in Jingxi.
Liulangzhuang is the hometown of rice in the west of Beijing. In the Qing dynasty, there were 360 hectares of royal rice fields here, and the royal family ate one hectare every day. There is also the saying of "the 613 circle in the south and north": when this paddy field was reclaimed in those years, the Qing court contracted the project to the south, north and thirteen provinces, and the village south still has the place name of "Xing construction site". Emperor Qianlong also wrote in the poem "Scenery of Shenghua Temple on Wanquan Dike" that "Wanquan has been blocked for a long time, and Shen Jia has begun to dredge it, that is, its underground boiling water field will be reclaimed this spring". He also described the scenery of Liulang village with the poem "weeping willows hide a village in Iraq, new seedlings are lonely and rice is thick".
The rice in Jingxi is full, and the steamed rice smells fragrant. It is said that Chairman Mao tasted the rice cooked with Jingxi rice in the Summer Palace in the early days of liberation. He even said "delicious" and suggested promoting Jingxi rice.
However, Liulangzhuang, which has a history of 500 years, is about to disappear because it is on the green belt. According to the overall planning of Beijing, the pattern of Beijing urban area is "decentralized group system", that is, the city consists of ten peripheral groups around the central area; Between the central area and the edge group and the edge group, a green area is used for isolation. Wanliu area, where Liulangzhuang is located, is located on the 100-meter green isolation belt next to the Summer Palace. After the implementation of Wanliu Project, local farmers will go upstairs to return farmland to forests, and Liulang Village will become a green scenic spot.
(Source: Huaxia Travel Network)
Seeing this Liulangzhuang, which has disappeared from the west of Beijing and is under construction, my mood is really complicated.
Establish a green isolation belt
In order to build a green ecological framework in the capital area, Beijing has made a decision to build three green barriers, namely, the first green barrier focusing on the greening projects of Yanshan and Taihang Mountains, the second green barrier focusing on the greening of the five rivers and 10 roads and farmland forest nets, and the third green barrier focusing on greening isolated areas.
The green isolation belt is the nearest green barrier in Beijing. According to the overall urban planning of Beijing, an urban forest with a green area of 10 square kilometer will be built between the central area of the city and the fringe group of 10. The project has been implemented since 1986. This year, the construction of the isolation belt has completed the greening area of 35,000 mu, which is the sum of the greening areas in the past six years, forming 10 greening plates with an area of about 5,000 mu. After this 10 green plate is interconnected, it will form an ecological barrier around Beijing and play an important role in improving the ecological environment of the capital.
(Source: www.o2000.com.cn)
It is true that the construction of green isolation belt is an important measure for Beijing's ecological environment construction and a good thing for the benefit of the country and the people. However, the rice in the west of Beijing represents a culture, a resource and a tradition in Beijing. With the construction of Beijing, the rice in the west of Beijing has gradually disappeared, and now even its native land will no longer exist. When it completely disappears from our sight, what do we lose?
Why can't there be a plan to find the best breakthrough point of ecology while examining and treating cultural resources and traditions carefully? Perhaps, Jingxi rice should not have disappeared from Beijing; Perhaps Liulangzhuang should not have disappeared from the map.
10, Jingmi diversion canal and Beijing water management
On Water Environment Management in Beijing
Water environment management in Beijing is a major project, and it is also an ongoing project in history. In ancient times, the center of Beijing used to be a group of lakes. You can sail from Kunming Lake to the Forbidden City. Around the imperial city and the capital city, Tongzi River is connected with moats and lakes, which makes Beijing, a famous city throughout the ages, more beautiful and elegant. However, since the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to the neglect of management of Beijing water system, river siltation and pollution, shipping was abolished. After the founding of New China, Beijing has carried out three major renovations to the urban water system, built Guanting Reservoir and Miyun Reservoir, excavated Yongding River diversion canal and Jingmi diversion canal, and introduced the water from the two reservoirs into Beijing, which increased the environmental water consumption in Beijing and greatly improved the water environment. But after all, for more than 40 years, the water system has not been thoroughly managed. After the 1980s, the economy developed rapidly, the foreign population increased sharply, rivers and lakes were newly polluted, and some rivers became stinking ditches. The lake has deep silt. According to the monitoring of Beijing Water Conservancy Department, the accumulated silt reaches 2.3 million cubic meters.
The deterioration of water environment in Beijing has aroused widespread concern of the central and municipal governments and citizens. At the beginning of 1998, at the Beijing Municipal People's Congress, 225 representatives of the Municipal People's Congress jointly put forward a proposal to control urban rivers and lakes pollution. 1On September 26th, 998, the management of urban water system began with the management of six pearls in the center of Beijing-"Six Seas". The goal of water system management in Beijing is "clear water, green shore and smooth navigation". This water system management is the first time in Beijing's history, and there is no precedent for its scale and investment.
Jingmi diversion canal-another scenic river after Kunyu River
The technical renovation project of Jingmi diversion canal is a basic construction project to solve the water supply problem in Beijing, with a total length of 1 12.7 km, becoming the most important "artery" of water supply in Beijing.
According to official reports, Jingmi Aqueduct began to deliver water in winter on 1989. Since then, the aqueduct's water conveyance task has changed from seasonal water conveyance to uninterrupted water conveyance all the year round. However, after more than 30 years of overload operation, the Jingmi diversion canal has been aging for a long time, and most of the soil canals have been seriously eroded, and a large amount of soil has accumulated, which affects the water delivery capacity. The destruction of channels has caused great waste of water resources. According to the statistical analysis of 1990 to 1999, the average leakage and evaporation loss rate of Jingmi diversion canal is 23%, and the highest is 32.7% of 1999, so it is urgent to carry out technical transformation. After the completion of the technical transformation project, the water delivery capacity of the channel will be enhanced, and the very precious surface water resources will be fully utilized, saving 654.38+0 billion cubic meters of water every year. This spring, the banks of the Jingmi diversion canal began to be green. The design scheme is that the grass and trees are distinct. Jingmi diversion canal has become another landscape river after Kunyu River and South Moat River.
(Source: 20021October 29th Beijing Evening News 65438)
But as far as we know, the Jingmi diversion canal was basically natural before 1998, and now it is completely artificial. In the past, there were tall trees beside the canal, but today, by the straight river bank.