Prose can be divided into narrative prose, lyric prose and argumentative prose. "The genre of prose is actually very casual and flawed." (How to write by Lu Xun) Almost everyone can write as long as they have something to say in their hearts. Prose has no certain norms and restrictions, unlike novels, which have dialogues, descriptions of characters and storylines; Unlike drama, which needs to create conflicts to express its tension, it needs to be presented through the performance of a third party; Unlike poetry, it pays attention to rhythm and image. Prose basically doesn't care about these frames. Travel notes, letters and diaries are also a way of prose, which can be covered by papers and artistic sketches.
How to write a good composition? As an author, there are some necessary conditions. The first condition is interest, the second condition is interest and the third condition is interest.
First of all, we should read a lot of famous books, and those essays that can be called "beauty" directly penetrate into the author's interest and soul.
Secondly, we should have rich life perception and experience. Prose is written to express what the author sees, hears and feels, and to understand and evaluate life. Only when the author has deep feelings about real life and arouses strong feelings will he have the desire to write. Because of feelings, people, people and nature will feel empathy. Life and death, emotions, tides, ups and downs, ups and downs ... have all become topics of expressing feelings. What's more, observe if you can care, and be as detailed as possible. A keen heart can hear the deepest voice of others, feel the pulse of society, and then explore its roots and possible future development.
Third, the important accomplishment of writing prose with my own style is that I write my mouth with my heart and never go with the flow. There are five points to pay attention to: ① Describe the real story and make some artistic processing on the basis of the real story. (2) to express the author's life feelings, generally do not force a complete plot. 3 Free and diverse, with scattered forms. (4) concise, short and pithy. ⑤ The language is simple and beautiful, simple and natural.
Student example
window
In my small room, there is a window facing east. I won't close that window easily. In summer, there are always small butterflies or "small lanterns" visiting.
Get up early, I like to wait quietly at the window for sunshine and warmth, waiting for the face that blushes because too many people pay attention. The sun pokes its head out bit by bit and looks at the earth, us and the lovely life around us with her gentle eyes. I like lying in bed and watching that changing landscape painting.
Sunshine also loves to come in and sit, projecting two or three oblique beams of light, making the whole room bright and warm. Looking out of the window, I always take a big breath and breathe a little pure air.
After finishing my homework at night, I also like to lean against the window and watch the sun go downhill bit by bit. I also like to see the rosy, white and orange sea of clouds when the sun is only shining, and the trees that turn rosy against the sunset glow. The color of the sky darkens bit by bit, from light blue to dark blue, so it looks like a mixture of blue pigment and ink. What a wonderful and spectacular painting it is!
Even if it is rainy, I will only close the screen window slightly and stand alone under the window, just like a small seedling, enjoying the feeling of thin rain falling on my body.
Revision suggestion
Only by expressing the author's feelings about certain life events and expressing the author's certain emotions can prose have moving power and influence. Therefore, paying attention to expressing the author's life feelings is strongly lyrical, which is the pursuit of prose. This 300-400-word Window is obviously lyrical but not strong, because the necessary description is not delicate.
Regardless of description or narrative, regardless of lyricism or discussion, it can be informal. In order to express some thoughts and feelings, we can talk about the past and the present, recall the past and imagine the future; You can sometimes sketch, sometimes describe, sometimes flash back, sometimes pursue, sometimes emotionally stimulate, sometimes Kan Kan talks, Lenovo strives to be rich, and the pen must be like the wind. If we focus on the reappearance of "landscape painting" in the window, the more skillful the expression technique is, the more vivid the language form is, and the more artistic the appeal will be.
The "I" in prose is undoubtedly the author himself. Prose is written by real people. If you want to write your true feelings in it, you might as well describe the scenery of the characters emotionally. The key to good prose is to express feelings, feelings and realm, and to express the truth, goodness and beauty of human nature and personal feelings about life. You can try to sublimate this feeling and further highlight the theme.
The artistic feature of prose is the blending of scenes, and the author's emotions are pinned on specific situations, so the author often has many ways to deal with these situations. In the teaching process, teachers guide students to master these methods through corresponding guidance, which is very important to help students learn to read and understand prose. It is summarized as follows in order to teach it to a generous family.
1, preferred
Different scenery naturally creates different situations, but the choice of scenery should be consistent with the emotional tone of the full text, so that the article can be integrated with the scenery.
For example, in the second, fifth and sixth paragraphs of Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, a lot of ink was used to write all the trees on the road and by the pond, but only poplar and willow were mentioned many times. Some of them had names, some didn't mention anything, and some "didn't know their names". Why does the author handle it this way? Because this article is to show the author's dissatisfaction with reality, the faint sadness of fantasy detachment, the faint joy of stealing a moment, and its atmosphere is quiet and quiet, so it is most appropriate to choose feminine plants Yang and Liu to express the simple and hazy artistic conception.
Another example is autumn in the old capital. Because the author pursues a clear, quiet and sad state of mind, he does not write warm red leaves in Xiangshan, nor do he write about parks and shopping malls where tourists are everywhere. Instead, I rented a shabby house to live in. Facing the blue morning glory with a broken waist, I thought that the color of the flower was blue or white, followed by purple and black, and the reddish one was the lowest. The rest of the scenery is also dominated by cool colors. This shows the author's painstaking efforts.
Step 2 combine
The combination of a single scene should win with a panoramic view. For example, in the fourth natural section of the banyan tree in my hometown, streams, pebbles, girls, ducks, stone bridges, stone tablets and small stone lions constitute a unique pastoral scenery, full of poetry and painting. Some articles contrast people's activities with monotonous natural scenery. For example, the "Cave Rain Play" in "Landscape Talk" shows the inner life of a man and a woman having a heart-to-heart conversation with a dreary rainy day, a lonely barren mountain and a primitive cave dwelling, and also makes nature colorful at once. In fact, there are more such famous sentences in ancient poetry. Walking in the morning on the good side of the mountain, the cock crows in Maodian and the frost on Banqiao is left out in the cold, outlines the artistic conception of the eastern countryside at dawn with six typical images, and vividly writes "Walking in the morning", which is really picturesque in poetry. Another example is Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si", which says, "The old vine is faint and the bridge is flowing. The old road is thin, the sun is setting, and heartbroken people are at the end of the world. " 10 The noun is touching the scene, desolate and sad, and the image of a wanderer in a foreign land is lonely. The above poems don't use verbs, they all use nouns.
Step 3 set the environment
In other words, the scene of the painting is set in a specific atmosphere, and the background of a specific background color makes the picture completely out. For example, the "charming summer pasture" in Tianshan Mountain Scenery, the sunset and red light give the mountains, grasslands, yurts, cattle and shepherds brilliant warm colors, showing the richness and tranquility of a thousand miles of pasture and the joy of herders. The sunset and red light here are the background colors at dusk. In Landscape Talk, the scenery itself is plain when flowers are picked without peaches, but the young people in the tea house make the scenery worth nostalgia, which shows the lofty spirit of human beings to fill the natural poverty, highlights the people who have a full life in the world to get their hands on and dominate the scenery, and well embodies the theme of the article.
4. Contrast and contrast
The scenery in prose is sometimes difficult to express its unique charm by direct description, so the author often uses the method of contrast to make the music beautiful. For example, in green, the green shade of Meiyu Pool is suitable, the light and shade are moderate, the poplar in Shichahai, Beijing is too light, the green wall of Hupao Temple in Hangzhou is too thick, the waves in West Lake are too bright, and the water in Qinhuai River is too dark. Camel Bell in the Desert selects extremely monotonous plane images such as long yellow sand, noisy hot air and camel's dead bones, which are in sharp contrast with camel array, scarlet flag and sweet bell, making the realm full of vitality and exciting. In addition, "Scenery of Tianshan Mountain" uses the sun shadow to line the dense branches and leaves of the forest, the sound of water to line the quietness, the birdsong to line the depth, and the red light to line the darkness to show that the trees in Tianshan Mountain are tall and dense, and the same is true.
5. Imagination and association
Some scenery is ordinary, and there is no special attraction. The picture is static, and the thinking space that can be expanded is very small. However, the essayist can not be confined to the narrow space and time, but skillfully arranges to turn decay into magic and make the picture move and live. Here, imagination and association become the necessary treatment. In Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, the phrase "Suddenly Thinking of Picking Lotus" brought the author and readers from the Tsinghua campus to a remote water town in the south of the Yangtze River, and brought them to a picturesque and wonderful realm. It is with imagination and association that the author creates a poetic artistic atmosphere, which enables readers to get wonderful artistic enjoyment.
In addition, imagination and association are often manifested in quoting myths and legends. Because the simple scenery itself is mostly static and contemporary, while the ancient myths and legends have a deep sense of history and richer connotations because of their long history and magical romance. For example, Scenery of Tianshan Mountain reminds us of the tears shed by Kazakh girls from the natural lake, which not only points out the magic of the lake, but also compares misfortune and happiness, showing that the life of Tianshan herders has undergone earth-shaking changes. The goddess of Wushan in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, carrying Qu Yuan's big fish, climbing Mount Tai's shampoo basin in the rain, and swimming in the bay are also evidence.
Prose wins with scenery, moves people with emotion, and finds the key to enter the prose hall, which is indispensable for accurately understanding the meaning of the text. This is the role of mastering the prose description method.
Upgrade combination
window
Zhang Zhu
In my small room, there is a window facing east. Although I don't like people spying on my room, I never refuse fresh air, warm sunshine and those little creatures-so I won't close that window easily. In summer, there are always small butterflies or "small lanterns" visiting.
Get up early, I like to wait quietly at the window for sunshine and warmth, waiting for the face that blushes because too many people pay attention. The sun pokes its head out bit by bit and looks at the earth, us and the lovely life around us with her gentle eyes. I like lying in bed and watching that changing landscape painting.
Dark blue background, faintly visible forest outline, tree tops trembling when the wind blows. The background gradually lit up and finally turned orange, dyeing all the leaves red. When the background becomes the true color of watercolor-sky blue, the trees have become very clear, and the tears of leaves and stars of different shapes are also very clear. At this time, the sun also loves to come in and sit, projecting two or three oblique beams of light, making the whole room bright and warm. Looking out of the window, I always take a big breath and breathe a little pure air.
After finishing my homework at night, I also like to lean against the window and watch the sun go downhill bit by bit. I also like to see the rosy, white and orange sea of clouds when the sun is only shining, and the trees that turn rosy against the sunset glow. The color of the sky darkens bit by bit, from light blue to dark blue, so it looks like a mixture of blue pigment and ink. What a wonderful and spectacular painting it is! I never hang any decorations in my room, because that window is a priceless painting to me.
Even if it is rainy, I will only close the screen window slightly and stand alone under the window, just like a small seedling, enjoying the feeling of thin rain falling on my body.
Isn't life like this? In fact, everyone's heart is a room with a window and a heart. Why not open it, take a breath of air, lean against the window and listen to the sounds from other places to welcome the sunshine and breeze?
Open the window of your room, and open the window of your heart!
Comment on the delicate brushstrokes and vividly describe the scenery outside the window; Between the lines, it fully embodies the extraordinary sensibility of the little author. The ending is natural and the transition is seamless.