One of the poems of Liu Yuxi's "Lang Tao Sha" is "Nine bends of the Yellow River, thousands of miles of sand, and the waves are blown by the wind from the end of the world." Now we go straight up the Milky Way to the home of the Morning Glory and the Weaver Girl.
Introduction to Langtaosha:
Langtaosha was originally the name of Tang Jiaofang's song, and was later used as the name of his ci brand. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi sang and harmonized the minor tune "Langtaosha" and created the first Yuefu song "Langtaosha", which is a monotonous four-sentence poem in the style of seven-character quatrains.
Li Yuyan, the later master of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, composed a small song called "Lang Tao Sha" ("Lang Tao Sha Ling"), and Liu Yong of the Northern Song Dynasty created the long slow tune "Lang Tao Sha" ("Lang Tao Sha Slow"). ), both are different from the original word "Langtaosha". Representative works of this tune include Liu Yuxi's "Nine Poems on Lang Tao Sha" and so on.
The history of Cipai:
Langtaosha was originally the name of Tang Jiaofang's song, and was later used as the name of Cipai. Before the Sui Dynasty, Qing Shang music was popular in society. Since the Five Hus in the Jin Dynasty, due to war, trade, marriage and other reasons, Yan music from outside the territory was introduced into China and combined with the local Qing Shang music, thus forming a general trend of combining poetry and music. .
The rulers of the Tang Dynasty paid more attention to absorbing foreign music to build new music with the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty, and even regarded the creation of music as the pride of the nation and a symbol of the country's strength. The great rise of Yanle music fundamentally promoted the development of "relying on sound to write lyrics" in the Tang Dynasty. Cui Lingqin's "Jiaofang Ji" recorded 324 songs, all of which were popular songs in the Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods.
Langtaosha is one of the Tang Jiaofang songs. According to statistics, there are 209 existing Tang poems and Song lyrics (except Dunhuang music lyrics) with the meaning of "Langtaosha", which can be roughly divided into three categories: Zaqu There are 19 lyrics, 182 lyrics, and 8 slow songs. Volume 82 of Guo Maoqian's "Collection of Yuefu Poems" includes 19 poems of "Langtaosha" in "Modern Song Ci", and "Complete Song Ci" contains a total of 185 poems.
The emergence of Langtaosha is related to southern waterside folk songs. Ren Bandang once proposed in the second volume of "Poems of Tang Sheng" that "this tune was originally a southern waterside folk song". As the saying goes, "big waves wash away the sand", the word "lang" should belong to the water part, and the basic meaning of "washing" is "washing with water to remove impurities", which is related to water.
According to "Wei Shu·Shi Huo Zhi", "There are more than a thousand gold households in Hanzhong, and they often pan for gold in the rivers and sands of Han Dynasty." It can be seen that the activities of "panning" and "gold panning" are inseparable. "The hungry sing about their food, the laborers sing about their work" is one of the origins of folk songs, and "gold panning" means that gold diggers use the water to remove the sand and finally find gold. The gold diggers chant this activity process. Finally got the ditty "Lang Tao Sha".
The tune may be about singing the spectacular scene of the waves and the sand moving, or lamenting the loss of time passing by without getting the gold, or the consideration and emotion of life and life gained from the big waves washing the sand, etc.
According to investigation, the meaning of "langtaosha" mentioned in Tang poetry and Song lyrics is related to images of waterside or water waves, either chanting about gold mining skills, or using the surging river to convey deep feelings, or from Looking at the future and thinking about the ups and downs of life, whether it is a new tune or a slow tune, it all contains the meaning of water.
According to records in "Book of Wei·Shi Huo Zhi", gold mining activities have been more popular in Hanzhong. Hanzhong County was first established in the Qin Dynasty. "The county is close to the Yangtze River of Han River and faces Han Mountain in the south, so it is named Hanzhong." Today's Hanzhong area is located in the southwest of Shaanxi Province, referred to as "Han". It has the Qinling Mountains in the north, the Bashan Mountains in the south, the Han River in the middle, Gansu in the west, and Sichuan in the south.
The dividing line between the north and the south of China is the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line. The Hanzhong Basin is located to the south of the Qinling Mountains and north of the Bashan Mountain, so it belongs to the south. If the gold rush activity in Hanzhong is the origin, then "Langtaosha" adjusts Out of the South.
In the mid-Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi sang and harmonized the minor tune "Langtaosha" and created the first Yuefu song "Langtaosha". "Complete Tang Poetry" says in the lyrics section that "the Yuefu of the Tang Dynasty originally used rhyme and other poems mixed with harmony to sing, and the harmony was used as the real word, and the long and short sentences were filled with lyrics based on the rhythm of the music."
In the era of combining poetry and music, Liu and Bai were good at folk songs and created the seven-character quatrain style song "Langtaosha" based on the popular ballad tunes at the time, which was included in the "Modern Songs" in the "Yuefu Poetry Collection" "Ci". It was originally a miscellany of lost or damaged folk tunes. It was compiled and preserved by Yuefu institutions. Its content is mostly the poet's narration of his feelings.