Tang Dynasty: Wang Wei
I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays.
When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me.
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A person who is a stranger in a foreign land misses his relatives twice every festive season.
Imagine that I was the only one with dogwood on my head when my brothers climbed the mountain and looked far today.
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September 9: Double Ninth Festival. In ancient times, nine was the number of yang, so it was called Chongyang. Memory: nostalgia. Shandong: Wang Weiqian moved to Puxian (now yongji city, Shanxi), east of Hanguguan and Huashan, so it was called Shandong.
Foreign land: foreign land, foreign land. Become a stranger: become a guest of another country.
Festival: a beautiful festival.
Mountain climbing: There is an ancient custom of mountain climbing on the Double Ninth Festival.
Cornus officinalis (zhūyú): A kind of herb, namely cassia obtusifolia. In ancient times, people thought that wearing dogwood on the Double Ninth Festival could avoid disasters and ward off evil spirits.
Make an appreciative comment
Wang Wei's poem "Thinking of Shandong Brothers in the Mountain" is included in The Whole Tang Poetry, Volume 128. The following is the appreciation of this poem by Mr. Liu, the executive director of the Tang Dynasty Literature Research Association.
Wang Wei is a precocious writer. He wrote many excellent poems when he was young. This poem was written when he was seventeen. Different from his later landscape poems, which are rich in painting and exquisite in composition and color, this lyric poem is very simple. But for thousands of years, people read this poem when they left their hometown, but they strongly felt its power. This power comes from its simplicity, profundity and high generalization.
"Being a stranger alone in a foreign land" begins with the poet's loneliness in a foreign land. The poet used one word "independence" and two words "difference" in this short sentence, which shows that the poet has a strong sense of living in a different place. The lonelier he is outside, the more he misses his relatives in his hometown. In the feudal society at that time, the traffic was blocked, people lived a self-sufficient life, and there was little communication between regions, so people in different places had great differences in customs, living habits, language and so on. Therefore, the poet left his hometown where he had lived for many years and naturally felt strange and lonely. The poet described his life in a foreign land flatly, but it contained his simple thoughts and feelings.
If the feeling of homesickness on weekdays may not be so strong, then the poet "misses his relatives twice during the festive season." "Festival" is a day when relatives get together to talk and laugh. Now, the poet lives alone in a different place. On the festival of reunion, he can't help thinking of people and things in his hometown, mountains and rivers, and other good memories of the poet when he was in his hometown. All kinds of memories lead to the poet's infinite homesickness, and the more he thinks about it, the more he misses it, so that it is out of control. This sentence is very natural and simple, such as eloquence, and it also writes a lot of real feelings of wandering outside, which is very representative.
The first two sentences can be said to be the direct method of artistic creation. There is almost no detour, but directly into the core, quickly forming a climax, with epigrams. However, this kind of writing often makes the last two sentences unsustainable, resulting in insufficient stamina. If the last two sentences of this poem extend in a straight line along the line of "I miss my relatives more during the festive season", it must be a snake's foot; It is also difficult to find new ideas and form a new climax. The author takes another approach: with the torrent of emotion, a rippling lake appears, which seems calm, but it is actually deeper.
"Knowing the place where distant brothers climb mountains", the poet directly expressed his thoughts, and turned to family reunion, imagining how happy the brothers were when they took Cornus officinalis to climb mountains on the Double Ninth Festival. If the poet only thinks about the happiness of his loved ones, it can alleviate the poet's homesickness. However, the poet wrote at the end that "one person was missing when planting dogwood". It turns out that the poet didn't think about happiness, but he didn't spend the holidays with his relatives in his hometown, so his relatives will find that one person is missing when planting dogwood, so their relatives will definitely miss me. This is tortuous and unnatural. And this unusual place is precisely its deep place, where the new police world lies. Du Fu's Moonlit Night: "For our boys and girls, poor little babies, it's too young to know where the capital is" is similar to these two sentences, but Wang Shi doesn't seem to be so focused.
Extended reading: Wang Wei and personal influence
Wang Wei's landscape poems are mostly written in the later period. Compared with his predecessors, he expanded the content of this kind of poetry and added its artistic style, which made the achievements of landscape poetry reach an unprecedented height. This is his outstanding contribution to China's classical poetry. Among them, the pastoral poems describing rural scenery and farm life are full of pastoral sentiment, showing his leisurely interest and calm and comfortable state of mind. Such as farmhouses on the Wei River and pastoral songs in spring. More works focus on the picturesque scenery of the countryside, "New Sunny Wild Hope": "The new sunny Yuan Ye is vast and has no atmosphere. There are no idle people on the farm and the home is in the south. " Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains describes the beautiful scenery of the mountain village when it rains at dusk. Those landscape poems in Wang's poems that depict the beauty of natural tranquility have high aesthetic value. Such as "Qingxi": I once drove the river of yellow flowers and chased Qingxi water first. 10,000 laps over the mountains. On a journey of less than thirty miles. The rapids buzzed on the piled rocks, but the light dimmed among the dense pine trees. There is no water in the water, and weeds are flourishing on the shore. Deep down in my heart, I have always been pure, Qingchuan Dansuo. Oh, stay on a wide flat rock and cast the fishing line forever! .
Throughout, the heart shines on the water, the heart is lined with the water, and things and I blend, which embodies an inherent pursuit of beauty. While some pastoral poems focus on rendering ethereal artistic conception and lonely feelings. For example, Zhuliguan and Wu Xinyi are all weak, and they are designed to be quiet and interesting. This will undoubtedly have a certain negative impact on later landscape poems.
Wang Wei is brilliant, and the infiltration of different arts has had a far-reaching impact on his poems. He put painting into poetry, which made his landscape poems poetic.
The language of Wang's poems is implicit, fresh and lively, with varied sentence patterns and rhythms, loud and harmonious phonology and musical beauty. In a word, Wang Wei's landscape poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations, both in subject matter and artistic style.