Although classes were suspended in the second half of the semester because of the interference of SARS, we still gained something through the vivid explanation given by Teacher Sun in class, the self-study after class and the completion of the homework assigned by the teacher.
First, the "non-self" mentality in applied writing
Writing in a general style often expresses itself from the perspective of "self", or expresses its feelings, or expounds its own views, or explains it according to its own understanding. Even news, documentary literature and other literary styles are often observed, thought and felt from the author's own point of view, and then put into words.
General practical writing (except personal summary and letters) is based on the position of a group, an organization or a group. It conveys the information sent by the representative unit, and the recipients are often groups or many individuals. So don't always think about yourself when writing, but consider the position of the unit represented in the text, because it expresses "non-me" rather than "me".
For example, when drafting a document for a leader, be sure to find out his intentions, otherwise you will rush to write, and then you may have to go through a lot of painful experiences of "rework". Because you wrote it for the leader, and the leader completed this document from the unit and his own administrative thought.
For example, when writing instructions, official letters, reports, briefings, etc. , must be clear about the relationship between the unit and the dispatched unit, such as affiliation, administrative level, business and work relationship. Therefore, we can adopt appropriate style, use corresponding tone and wording in the text, and make the text as it is. Otherwise, a slight negligence may lead to a big mistake. In class, Mr. Sun gave many examples to illustrate this point and the importance of using writing angle.
Second, the application of writing style-"rigid" and "flexible" writing style.
Whether it is official documents, special documents, rules and regulations or daily practical writing, in the long-term writing process, some formats and requirements have been established, and even the formats of some official documents are clearly stipulated by government departments. Therefore, we often can't mess around when writing, and we must abide by the rules. This is different from literary creation. Individuals can have more room to play, whether in form or content, they can break the rules and innovate constantly. And don't turn a deaf ear to the rules, otherwise it will lead to writing failure.
However, this does not mean that we have no room for practical writing. I feel that apart from more formal constraints, there is still room for galloping besides paying attention to some tone things in content. Of course, practical writing is not other literary works, and it is still practical because it is used in so many places.
Different styles of practical writing have different formats and requirements, which makes beginners dazzled and bored. I don't think it's possible to learn these rules by rote, because even if they are memorized, they can't be used flexibly. The best way is to find some standard model essays to read, compare the rules and think more about why. It is best to understand the rationality of such a request. Of course, just remember some habitual things. Then, you can write one or two articles in the same style without looking at the rules, and check them against the rules and model essays. I think it's better to understand memory in repeated practice. In class, Mr. Sun gives us some problematic materials to find faults, which is also a very good teaching method and helps us to quickly master the writing essentials of practical writing.
Third, the "simple" style of applied writing
Many of us, including myself, like literary works with colorful words and meaningful charm, because these works can often bring us great artistic enjoyment and spiritual pleasure, while applied writing does not pursue gorgeous rhetoric, and its style is relatively unpretentious, and it rarely whitewashes words and expressions. Many of our classmates, especially those with deep literary background, have a strong aesthetic tendency and always like artistic writing. In this paper, a large number of rhetorical devices such as metaphor, exaggeration and personification are used, and many beautiful words and allusions are piled up. It is naturally good for you to write novels, poems and essays in this way, as long as you use them in time and properly. However, practical writing pursues a "real" word. Practical writing is not a work of art for people to appreciate. It is closely integrated with people's social life. It is an applied style, used in practical work and life, and a tool for transmitting and exchanging information and negotiating problems. Therefore, when writing practical writing, we must avoid that kind of inappropriate writing. Remember that washing away lead and natural carvings is also a good style.
But not all practical writing is boring? In my opinion, since articles are always to be read by people, including practical articles, it is necessary to consider people's reading psychology, be interesting and make people willing to read them. I have read some people's work reports, which contain many stylized things, such as "Under the cordial care of …, under the leadership of …, with the assistance of …, with the cooperation of …, we overcame … and finally …". These dogmatic things are more and more, making people unable to learn at all. According to the prescribed format and requirements, it is essential to write the content as lively and interesting as possible.
Fourthly, the "single meaning" of applied writing
Many literary works have profound meanings and rich connotations. Different readers interpret their own meaning according to their own psychological feelings and understanding in the reading process, so the same work may have different or even completely different understandings. This ambiguity must be avoided in practical writing, and the meaning must be clear in order to avoid ambiguity. Otherwise, it will cause great confusion in the work, such as the formulation of rules and regulations and the use of some ambiguous words, which will give people different understanding opinions and cause trouble in the process of implementing rules and regulations. For example, some contracts to be signed must be checked word by word for loopholes and carefully considered for logical errors and thoughtlessness. Otherwise, a small mistake will bring great losses, and the lesson in this respect is very painful. When writing practical writing, we must pay attention to the accuracy of expression and avoid using words that can't convey meaning.
First, the meaning of applied writing and the characteristics of applied writing
People usually refer to practical writing as applied writing, and practical writing refers to all kinds of articles written to solve practical problems and have specific uses in social life, as opposed to appreciative articles. Practical articles are generally called practical articles.
Generally speaking, practical writing shows two characteristics in content and form: first, from the content aspect, practical writing is written to solve a specific problem or deal with a specific job, and its content is closely related to real life and is a reflection of real life content; Secondly, from the formal point of view, most practical articles have a fixed style with certain stylized characteristics.
Specifically, theme, material, structure and language are the constituent elements of all articles, and the characteristics of practical articles are reflected in these four aspects respectively.
(a) the subject refers to a single, centralized and clear.
Subjective reference is the central meaning of the article and the embodiment of the author's intention, proposition or viewpoint in the article. Conciseness, concentration and clarity are the characteristics of the theme of practical writing, and they can also be said to be the requirements for the theme of practical writing.
The so-called single, that is, an article can only have one center, and can only make the problem clear around one theme.
The so-called concentration means that an applied article can only have one center, and this center should be the commander-in-chief of the full text.
The so-called clarity is the central meaning of the article, and what the author's intentions and opinions are, so that readers can see at a glance.
(2) The materials are diverse, authentic and powerful.
Materials are all kinds of facts and theories that constitute the content, form, support and theme of an article. Only by being good at starting with the materials and paying attention to let the materials speak, can we make a well-founded and convincing article.
Judging from the shape of the material itself, fact and theory are two kinds of materials. If further divided, there are many kinds of facts, such as events and situations, objects and phenomena, while theories include principles, policies, regulations and concepts, principles, theories and so on. From the source of materials, there are primary materials and secondary materials. Different types of materials are usually obtained through different channels. Observation, experiment and investigation are the main ways to obtain factual materials in practice and important channels to obtain valuable first-hand information. By consulting literature, theoretical data can be obtained centrally, and second-hand data can be obtained mainly from this or through investigation.
Truth is the life of practical articles, and the truth of materials is the first condition to make articles true.
Power is another characteristic that the material of practical goods should have. Strength first means that the material should be theme-oriented, and can not be divorced from or contrary to the theme; Secondly, the materials used are required to express the theme, not dispensable.
(3) The structure is reasonable, precise and fixed.
Simply put, the structure is the content structure of the article; Arrangement structure is to organize materials reasonably according to the needs of theme expression.
Fundamentally speaking, reasonable structure means that the arrangement of structure conforms to the composition and development law of objective things.
In essence, practical writing should be a kind of logical composition, and logical composition should emphasize prudence, not looseness and disorder.
Fixation is an important feature of practical article structure. In the long-term writing practice, most of all kinds of practical articles have formed a unified format.
Stylization is a tendency that literary and artistic creation should avoid, but it is a law that applied writing cannot deviate from. Fixed structure and standard format are a very important feature of all kinds of practical articles.
(4) The language is accurate, concise, plain and solemn.
Language is the coat of thought, the carrier of information and the tool of communication. Without language, writing cannot be carried out.
The linguistic accuracy of practical writing not only refers to the appropriateness, appropriateness and appropriateness of words and sentences, but also has its special meaning. First of all, the extensive use of technical terms and trade terms will enhance the accuracy of practical language, or reflect the accuracy of practical language. Technical terms and trade terms refer to specialized words used to determine the meaning of a particular discipline, professional field or social industry.
The language of any article should be concise. In order to convey information efficiently and quickly, the so-called conciseness of language means using as few language materials as possible to convey as much information as possible to readers clearly.
Plain means simple, natural and easy to understand. The simplicity of the language of the article is first manifested in the straightforwardness of the language.
Practical writing, especially working practical writing, should have a solemn style, and the solemnity of language is one of the most important factors to form the solemn style of the article.
In a word, the single, centralized and clear theme, diverse, true and powerful materials, reasonable, rigorous and fixed structure, and accurate, concise, plain and solemn language are the basic characteristics of practical writing and the basic requirements for practical writing.
Second, the main ways to improve the level of practical writing
(a) to study the problem and grasp the situation.
(two) understand the policy, familiar with the provisions.
(C) temper thinking ability, strengthen language cultivation.
(four) to master the law and understand the provisions.
(5) Be good at learning from and be diligent in practice.