one
Jade dew withered and hurt the maple forest, and Wushan martial arts angered Xiao Sen.
Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears again, and the lonely boat is the heart of hometown.
Cold clothes push knives everywhere, and Baidicheng is in a hurry.
To annotate ...
1 Yulu, Bailu. Xiao Sen, bleak and gloomy. The second sentence says that between rivers and canyons, the white dew falls, the maple forest withers, it is horribly red and the weather is bleak. 2 Jiang, Yangtze River. It's heaven, but it's still heaven. Plug, pass the dangerous place, this refers to Kuizhou. The ground is overcast, which means that the clouds are shrouded and the ground is dark The second sentence is connected with a bleak autumn style in Wushan martial arts. (3) Two flowers bloom, that is, two flowers bloom, which is based on the time to go to Shu. In May of the first year of Yong Tai (765), Du Fu left Chengdu for the south and lived in Yun 'an (now Yunyang, Chongqing) in the autumn. This is the first time he has seen chrysanthemums. In the late spring of the first year of Dali, I saw two chrysanthemums in full bloom from Yun 'an to Kuizhou and in autumn. Another day, often refers to the day after tomorrow, tomorrow. It can also refer to the past and the day before yesterday. Here is the latter. He cried every day, still talking about the tears of the past, and shed tears for many years. A series of solitary boats, from Shu to Wei Xiao, go down the river by boat, all of which are solitary boats, so they are clouds. I miss my hometown and Chang 'an. Chang 'an is the capital of the Tang Dynasty and the ancestral home of Du Fu. Therefore, the homeland and the motherland are integrated here. Both "kai" and "Xi" in these two sentences have pun meaning: kai means blooming flowers and tears. It refers to being alone, and it also refers to caring about your hometown. In late autumn, every household is making clothes for the wanderer to keep out the cold. In the evening, there was a sound of clothes shattered from the height of Baidicheng, which touched the wanderer's homesickness. Push the knife ruler to cut cold clothes. Anvil, stone.
Comment and analysis
Written in the autumn of the first year of Dali (766). The prosperity of autumn means feeling and rising. Du Fu lived in Kuizhou for many years, with fresh memories and lingering thoughts. It's autumn again, and seeing the plants wither, the scenery is bleak, and the hurt caused by touching the scenery triggers the thoughts and memories of Chang 'an, and writes down this set of seven laws. The content of this group of poems can be roughly divided into two parts. The fourth is transition. The first three songs are mainly about autumn scenery in Kuizhou and thinking about Chang 'an. Kuizhou is detailed and Chang 'an is short. The last five songs are mainly about recalling Chang 'an and responding to Kuizhou, which are long, peaceful and short-lived. The eight poems are an organic whole, the central idea is that the thought of "homesickness" is extensive and concrete, and the basic content is the ups and downs of Chang 'an and the feelings of personal experience. However, there are too many state affairs and too few private affairs, which reflects Du Fu's consistent thoughts of worrying about the country, chaos, loyalty to the monarch and patriotism. Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity is Du Fu's bleak work and the pinnacle of art. ..
The first song is the beginning of the last seven songs, starting with Autumn in Kuizhou, which is about the homesickness caused by seeing Xiao Sen in the Three Gorges. The word "homesickness" is not only the main brain of this poem, but also the hub of eight poems. The last three words "Anvil" evoke the "sunset" in the first sentence of Chapter 2, revealing the secret of needlework.
Secondly,
The ancient city of Kuifu has an oblique sunset, and it always relies on Beidou Wangjing Hua.
Listen to the ape shed three tears, let the virtual follow August.
Draw the incense burner leaning on the pillow (4), and the mountain floor powder hides sadness (5).
Look at the vines on the stone, which have reflected the flowers of reeds in front of the mainland.
To annotate ...
① Kuifu, namely Kuizhou. In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), there was a governor's office in Kuizhou, so it was a cloud. (2) This sentence means that you often follow the position of Beidou and look at Chang 'an from a distance. Every day, every night. Big Dipper, Big Dipper. One of Du Fu's poems "Three Poems on the Moon": "The old garden is Beidou, which refers to the Western Qin Dynasty." Li Li: "Outside the Xijiang River in Wuxia, next to the Beidou in Qin Cheng." On the Crying King of Pengzhou: "The martial arts are long and rainy, and Qin Cheng is close to fighting." Beidou is in the north, and Chang 'an is in the north, so I look at Chang 'an from a distance according to Beidou and express my homesickness. (3) There was a fisherman's song in ancient times, saying, "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes crow three times, and tears spill on their skirts." This is the last sentence. After listening to the tears of the ape, it took a lot of hardships to realize the truth, so it is called "reality". It should have been "listening to the ape cry three times", but it was changed to "cry three times" because of the rhythm. In August, "Natural History" contained: "Tianhe and Haitong have lived in Haizhu recently, and floats come and go in August every year, which is timely." The story of Jingchu Chunqiu quoted natural history as saying that "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Zhang Qian to go to the source of the poor river and go away month by month" and so on. If, the raft. Du Fu's poems borrowed two things. Appointed, than Zhang Qian, refers to the town of Shu was ordered to our time. Wu Jianfu, a thrifty staff officer and foreign minister of calibration department, was supposed to return to Beijing and fly to the sky one day, but he was ruined by his death, so he called it "virtual follow-up". (4) painting incense burner, refers to the former left Beijing gleaning. Painting province, Han dynasty refers to Shangshu province, which refers to Xiamen province. Du Fu's left province was a province under the door, and there was no province under the door in the Han Dynasty. Ancient poetry is often called the equivalent of ancient official positions. In the Tang Dynasty, the three provinces were called Shangshu, Menxia and Zhongshu, so taking Shangshu as an example, all three provinces can be called painting provinces. Violation, violation. Lying on a pillow means aging. Violation of pillow refers to the violation of the painting of incense burner because of the decline of pillow. It is really a gentle refusal, and the feelings are deep. ⑤ Mountain Tower refers to Kuizhou Tower. Dié, the white female wall, refers to the city wall. Hidden sadness, Hu Zan's sad voice disappeared between the walls of the pagoda. The second sentence says that you want to meditate for a long time, which shows that you love it deeply. The rattan moon on the stone refers to the rising moon. Has been reflected in front of the mainland, indicating that the moon has risen to the sky.
Comment and analysis
The second is about the poet standing and watching Chang 'an from sunset to midnight. "Wangjing Flower" is the purpose of eight chapters, which is specially extracted from this chapter and is in the same strain as the first chapter "Hometown Heart". Lonely city sunset, ape-man sorrow, is the scene before Kuizhou; However, following the virtual reality and preserving the incense burner is a feeling of homesickness and nostalgia. "Xusui" and "Lying Pillow" are deeply emotional. Through the movement of writing moonlight, the couplet highlights the yearning for Beijing and the feeling of serving the country.
Sixth.
Qutang Xiakou Qujiangtou, Wan Lifeng Smoke meets Su Qiu (1).
Calyx clip city imperial spirit, lotus garden worry about the edge.
Pearl curtain embroidered column encircles oriole ④, and brocade cable tooth marks Bai Ou ⑤.
Looking back at those poor singing and dancing places, the central part of the Qin Dynasty has been an imperial country since ancient times.
To annotate ...
① Qutang Gorge in the east of Kuizhou is the gateway to the Three Gorges; Qujiang is a scenic spot in Chang 'an. Wan Lifeng Tobacco refers to Kuizhou and Chang 'an separated by Wan Li; Su Qiu, the ancients autumn belongs to the west, the color is white, so it is called Su Qiu. This association is highly concentrated: although Kuizhou and Chang 'an are linked to Wan Li, the word "knot" connects time and space and interweaves into a distant and sad artistic realm. This couplet not only echoes the first song "stuck in the clouds, grounded in the shadows", but also runs through the lines of "Furong Xiao Yuan is worried about entering the customs". Not only wrote autumn scenery's bleak, but also deeply hurt the sadness of homesickness. ② Calyx, the building with glowing calyx, is located in the southwest corner of Xingqing Palace in the south of Chang 'an. Jia cheng GUI Lu Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty expanded Xingqing Palace twice in the 14th year of Kaiyuan and the 20th year of Kaiyuan. From Daming Palace along Chang 'an Dongguocheng, through Tonghua, Chunming and Yanxing, to Qujiang and Furong Garden, a complicated road was built, with two walls facing each other and sneaking around, sandwiching the city. Because it was built by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty for the convenience of sightseeing, it is called "TongYu Qi". (3) Furong Xiao Yuan, namely Furong Garden. When I entered the border, I heard the news of the border war. An Lushan, a historical record, reported that before Tang Xuanzong fled, he went to Calyx Building in Xingqing Palace to buy wine and looked around alone. The sorrow of frontier fortress refers to the sorrow caused by An Lushan's rebellion in frontier fortress. (4) Pearl curtain embroidered column refers to the pavilion building of Qujiang Palace, which is extremely magnificent. An oriole is a swan Qujiang has many palaces, surrounded by water and surrounded by warblers, so the cloud is "surrounded by warblers". ⑤ Brocade refers to Qujiang beautifully decorated cruise ship. Brocade rope, colored silk boat rope. Tooth needles, masts decorated with ivory. Because of the frequent traffic on Qujiang River, the water birds were scared away, so the cloud "rises from Bai Ou". 6. Song and dance venues refer to Qujiang. Qujiang used to be a bustling place of singing and dancing, but now it is so desolate and lonely that people can't bear to look back, so it is called "pity". In the middle of Qin, that is, Guanzhong. This refers to Chang 'an. Chang 'an has been the capital of emperors since ancient times. It used to be a place of singing and dancing, but now it has become a military arena, which is intended to warn rulers not to indulge in debauchery and enjoyment, but to strive for self-improvement and self-improvement. Poverty, since ancient times, is full of infinite sadness and emotion.
Comment and analysis
The sixth song recalls the prosperity of Qujiang Song and Dance Banquet. At the mouth of Qutang Gorge, thousands of miles away, the poet recalled the grand occasion of Xuanzong's visit to Qujiang and the ups and downs of ancient and modern imperial countries, and could not help feeling deeply.