I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years. Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
Land reclamation in the south and return to the countryside. The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
The elm tree is behind Liu Yin and in front of Luotang in Li Tao. The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today. Interpretation: One of Tao Yuanming's Returning to the Garden is a famous pastoral poem, which was written in the second year after the author resigned from his post and returned to his hometown.
At the beginning of the poem, it is said that when I was young, I didn't adapt to the secular character and naturally loved the natural scenery. "Falling into the dust net by mistake" means a lot of regret.
Comparing "dust net" with officialdom shows the poet's contempt and disgust for dirty officialdom. "Caged birds" and "pond fish" are both animals that have lost their freedom. Tao Yuanming used his own metaphor to show that he missed the beautiful nature like a bird loves to return to the forest and a fish misses his hometown. Returning to nature means regaining his freedom.
So how do you make a living? "Southern Land Reclamation" can make up for the previous mistakes and can "return to the garden". Next, it describes the quiet and natural pastoral scenery.
Although Tao Yuanming lived at the foot of Lushan Mountain since childhood and was very familiar with the mountains and rivers here, this time he broke free from the shackles of officialdom and returned to the free world forever from the cage dust net, so he had a special joy and freshness. Looking back and looking forward, he looked at the square houses, grass houses, elm willows, peaches and plums, villages, kitchen smoke, and even the barking of dogs and the crowing of chickens in deep alleys, all of which constituted the true interest in the poet's chest.
"Warm", blurred vision; "yiyi", light smoke curled up. In this diluted silence, coupled with a few crows, more and more shows the tranquility and leisure of rural life.
At the end of the four sentences, the mind is written by the scenery, and "virtual room" corresponds to "home", which refers to both the leisurely and quiet room and the poet's carefree state of mind. At the end of the poem, the two sentences "I have been locked in a cage for a long time, but I have returned to nature" echo the beginning of the poem.
The personality shown here is neither a villa hermit nor a field farmer. The retired scholar-officials have a superior material life, while the farmers in weeding fields lack the spiritual life of Tao Yuanming, so Tao Yuanming is a poet and philosopher who can really appreciate the interest of nature and gain peace of mind from hard work.
"Returning to nature" is the central theme of this poem. It is the poet's life ideal and the main theme of this group of pastoral poems.
About the author: Tao Yuanming (365-427) was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiangxi). He used to be a small official in some places, and Peng Zeling abandoned the official in just over 80 days.
He was a great poet in ancient China, and his poems made great artistic achievements, which had a wide influence on the development of China's poems. There is a collection of Mr. Jing Jie.
Respondent: Forget Jianghu 1 grade: 2 0 1: 05-. I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
Warm and distant villages, the smoke from the kitchen in Yiyi market, the barking of dogs in the depths of alleys, the crowing of chickens on the top of mulberry trees, dust-free households, and free virtual rooms. Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Second, there are few people in the wild and few wheels in the backcountry. This day is still Chai Men closed, and the pure mind blocks the vulgar thoughts.
When complex market music, grass * * *. When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma.
My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day. Often worried about sudden frost, crops wither like shrubs.
Three kinds of beans are under the south mountain, and the grass is full of bean seedlings. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
Responder: soldier cunning-trainee magician level 2-2 12: 50-. I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. Land reclamation in the south and return to the countryside.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
The poet described the beautiful rural scenery and simple farming life. Expressed the happy mood of abandoning officials and returning to nature. The whole story is integrated, showing the beauty of peace and harmony. In this harmony and beauty, people's hearts are also purified to a certain extent.
Looking at the poet's pen, the pastoral scenery is beautiful and natural, and the poets in it are indifferent and quiet, with high interest. This situation constitutes the highest interest of China's ancient pastoral poems.
Su Shi once commented on Shi Tao's poems and said, "The quality is beautiful, but the quality is poor." . This means that Tao's poems are straightforward and do not pay attention to literary color. In fact, their artistic conception is beautiful and poetic.
The scenery in the poem, such as elm willow, peaches and plums, thatched cottages, villages, kitchen smoke, chickens and dogs, are all very common things in the countryside, but when written into the poem by the poet, it is full of vitality, forming a quiet and beautiful pastoral picture and an organic composition of lyricism. This purely natural and unadorned artistic expression also complements the plain style and high harmony throughout.
Respondent: in an instant √-trainee magician level 2-3 18: 40-. On the surface, this poem is about the joy of pastoral work and the idea of seclusion in the mountains; But comparing this poem with other poems, the author's "wish" actually has its special connotation.
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas. These two sentences are about planting beans in Nanshan, with lush grass but sparse bean seedlings.
The first sentence is very plain, just like an old farmer standing there talking, which makes people feel very cordial. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
In order not to make the bean field barren, the poet went to the fields early in the morning and came back in the moonlight at night. Although it was hard, he didn't complain, which can be seen from the beautiful scenery of "the moon and the lotus returning home".
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
The road is narrow and the grass is long, but the clothes are wet. That's a real pity.
2. Tao Yuanming's poems. Tao Yuanming's great Tao Yuanming is the greatest pastoral poet in the history of China literature and the originator of China's pastoral poetry.
This is due to his thorough understanding of society, time and space, life and life and death; Because of his erudition and rich life practice; Especially because of his outstanding literary genius, in Bai Juyi's words, "I have always loved Tao Pengze, but I don't think highly of writing." His poems seem popular and clear, but they express high sentiment and profound philosophy.
For example, Tao Yuanming wrote "Five Songs of Returning to the Garden", one of which is: beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan, and the grass is full of beans and seedlings are sparse. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
This poem is about children's songs, but it expresses Tao Yuanming's noble sentiments. He would rather go out early and return late, devote himself to ploughing and hoeing, rather than getting wet in the evening, remain humble in the countryside and not follow the corrupt officialdom. Because Tao Yuanming's poems are of great artistic value, people can't get tired of reading them for thousands of years and can't put them down.
Tao Yuanming's life is inextricably linked with wine, which is the demand and homesickness of his life. Tao Yuanming left us for almost 1600 years. In that era when material life was very poor, people lived a life of sunrise and sunset. Tao Yuanming, in particular, resigned from the officialdom of power struggle and intrigue and lived in seclusion in the countryside far away from the mountains. Only wine can relieve his troubles, make him happy and make him comfortable.
Small cups are comfortable to drink, while large ones are comfortable to drink. When he is drunk, he will say, "I want to go to bed." Wine is a magical drink, which not only has material properties, but also can quench thirst and satisfy hunger. It also has a spiritual attribute, which can act on people's central nervous system, regulate people's higher nervous activity, and affect people's spirit and mood.
In Tao Yuanming's time, there were no spiritual stimulants such as tobacco and coffee, and people could only adjust their emotions with the help of wine. Many of Tao Yuanming's representative works, such as Gui Xi Ci, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, Twenty Poems on Drinking, etc., have all expressed their nostalgia for drinking or drunk writing.
The story of Tao Yuanming's love of wine is well known and has been sung through the ages. Tao Yuanming's drinking poems are beautiful, implicit and meaningful.
Tao Yuanming's noble character, like his immortal poems, shines with wine. This paper attempts to interpret Tao Yuanming's wine poems and wine words with the most concise words.
By describing Tao Yuanming's life background and his attachment to wine, he shows his noble integrity and great achievements in literary creation. In the long river of history, how many twinkling stars have made different contributions to the development and prosperity of the Chinese nation, so they shine in people's memory either explicitly or implicitly.
With the passage of time and the progress of history, some stars dim, disappear and are forgotten, and more new stars appear in the long river of history. In the long river of history, some people were great when they were alive.
After death, as time goes by, people gradually forget. Some people are ordinary or famous when they are alive. With the development of history, his fame is getting bigger and bigger, and his historical contribution is getting bigger and bigger.
Tao Yuanming is such a great man. He is like a ruby and a night pearl. When he was alive, he didn't attract people's attention for a long time after his death. With the progress of history, several generations have gradually known him, wiped away the dust that buried him, and made him shine forever in the long river of history.
In 427 AD, Tao Yuanming passed away after 76 years of life. He was buried in the tomb of Tao Jiagong at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, at the foot of Mianyang Mountain at the junction of Jiujiang County and Xing Zi County in Jiangxi Province today.
Today, Tao Yuanming's tomb is well preserved. The tombstone consists of three monuments, one big and two small. In the middle of the regular script, the "Tomb of Mr. Jingjie, Duke of Jin" is engraved with the epitaph on the left and the word "Qu Ci" on the right, which was written by pottery descendants in the first year of Qing Qianlong. After Tao Yuanming's death, his best friend Yan Yanzhi wrote Zheng Tao Yi Tu for him, and named posthumous title "Quiet Festival".
Yan Yanzhi praised Tao Yuanming's character and integrity in his obituary, but did not fully affirm his literary achievements. Tao Yuanming's position in the history of China literature has not been fully affirmed and recognized in the decades after his death. Xiao Tong, Prince Zhaoming of Liang Dynasty, attached great importance to Tao Yuanming's poems and couldn't put it down.
Xiao Tong personally compiled, prefaced and passed on Tao Yuanming. The Collection of Tao Yuanming is the first collection of literary works by scholars in the history of China literature, which is of great significance.
Xiao Tong praised "his prose is not crowded, his words are brilliant, his ups and downs are obvious, he is superior to others, and his cadence is as bright as Beijing". During the Southern Dynasties, Tao Yuanming's literary position was not recognized as it should be, but his poetry and prose works spread more and more widely and influenced more and more.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, more and more poets liked Tao Yuanming's poems and praised him more and more. Wang Ji was an idyllic poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Like Tao Yuanming, he lived in seclusion in the countryside for many times, entertaining himself with Gin.
His poem "Drunk" says: Ruan Ji is less awake, but Tao Qian is more drunk. A hundred years later, how full is it? A fun and long song.
Meng Haoran, an idyllic poet in Tang Dynasty, worshipped Tao Yuanming very much. He wrote in "Going to Hanan to Send Old Beijing in Summer": Appreciating "The Biography of Gaotu", the pottery is the best, and his eyes are full of pastoral interest, claiming to be the emperor. Li Bai admired Tao Yuanming's character and poetry.
In "A Play for Zheng Liyang", I wrote: Ling Tao is drunk every day, and I don't know five willows and clear springs. Su Qin has no strings and pours wine with a towel.
Under the breezy north window, I call myself Emperor Xi. When I arrived at chestnuts, I met my whole life.
Li Bai's thought of "being able to urge the eyebrows to bend over and serve the powerful" is in the same strain as Tao Yuanming's spirit of "fighting for rice without bending over". After the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu lived a wandering life, taking Tao Yuanming as his confidant. He wrote in A Letter to Mr. Yin Wei in Henan: It is better to be relieved than poetic.
This meaning is implicit, I will be born after you. Bai Juyi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, highly admired Tao Yuanming.
In 8 15, Bai Juyi was demoted to Sima, Jiangzhou, which is close to Xunyang, Tao Yuanming's hometown. He visited Tao Yuanming's former residence and wrote the poem "Visiting Tao Gong's Former Residence".
At first, the poem praises Tao Yuanming's noble personality with "dust and dirt don't pollute jade, and Feng Ling doesn't peck at fishy smell", and finally writes: Chaisang Ancient Village.
3. Poetry about Tao Yuanming, picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan. -Tao Yuanming's fifth day of drinking.
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots. -Tao Yuanming's fifth day of drinking.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say. -Tao Yuanming's fifth day of drinking.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. -Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden"
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered. -Tao Yuanming's fifth day of drinking.
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas. -Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden"
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature. -Tao Yuanming's "Return to the Garden, Part I"
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will. -Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden"
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. -Tao Yuanming's fifth day of drinking.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. -Tao Yuanming's "Return to the Garden, Part I"
4. On the natural beauty of Tao Yuanming's poetic language, Tao Yuanming's poems are mainly divided into pastoral poems, nostalgic poems and epic poems, followed by service poems and question-and-answer poems.
The ideological content reflected mainly includes the following aspects: 1. Pastoral poetry: describes the natural and quiet pastoral scenery and natural and simple pastoral life. This is the poet's idealized artistic realm.
It reflects the poet's quiet and carefree life interest and carefree and detached state of mind, and also denies the dark reality and ugliness of officialdom at that time. For example, Returning to the Garden [less and less vulgar rhyme], Being in the Wild], Drinking [Building a House in a Humanistic Environment], The Home Book of What Country, etc.
He expressed his experience of farming life and his love for labor, which reflected the poet's deep friendship with farmers. Such as "Returning to the Garden" [Planting Beans in Nanshan] and "Harvest Early Rice in Xitian in September of Gengxu New Year".
Describing the hardships of his own life and the depression in the countryside reflects the real world outside the poet's idealized realm. Such as "Complaining Poems and Chu Tunes to Show Pang Zhushu Deng Zhizhong", "Returning to the Garden" and "Begging for Food".
2. Poetry and epic: Tao Yuanming's poems are similar in content to epic, and epic is also a poem, which inherits the poetic traditions of Ruan Ji's epic and Zuo Si's epic. The main content of poetry is to express one's thoughts, feelings and ambitions.
Some show the ideological contradiction between ideal and reality, joining the WTO and being born; Some worries about the realization of the value of life express the anguish of ambition that is hard to pay; Some reflect the noble character of not colluding with the dark reality and sticking to personal integrity; Others express their anger in the form of "King Kong glaring". Such as drinking, antique style, miscellaneous poems, singing about poverty, singing about Jing Ke, reading Shan Hai Jing, etc. Most of them fall into this category.
3. Others: Tao Yuanming's official poems are his works during his official period, mostly describing the hardships of being an official, his boredom with being an official and his longing for seclusion. Such as "The First Town Army Joins the Army" and so on.
Most poems are about friendship between friends. If you answer Pang to join the army, bid farewell to Yin Jin.
In addition, Tao Yuanming has some philosophical poems. Like "together"
The artistic achievements of Tao Yuanming's poems: 1. Natural, mellow and meaningful artistic style. The theme and content of Tao Yuanming's poems are close to ordinary daily life, and the images of poems often take things that are often heard in self-study, express their feelings directly, sculpt them honestly, and use good words. The profound meaning of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems is only to express the artistic image and artistic conception of the poems with faint sketches and true feelings, but it is magic in plain and beautiful in simplicity.
Zhu said: "Yuan and Ming's poems are plain, out of nature." (Zhuzi School) Su Shi said that his poems are: "Quality and reality, but richness and reality."
("Book with Su Zhe") also said: "Dry outside and paste inside, which seems light and beautiful." (Comment on Liu Han's Poem on Dongpo Inscription and Postscript) Yuan Hao asked about his poem: "A word is natural and eternal, and luxury is exhausted."
In addition to this basic style, there are some poems called "King Kong's Glaring Style" by Lu Xun ("Two Essays on Jie Ting", the title of which is undetermined). Zhu also talked about his uninhibited side: "Everyone says that Tao Yuanming's poems are unremarkable. According to some people, he is proud of it, but he is bold. "
An article in Ode to Jing Ke reveals its true face. How can ordinary people say such a thing? "("Zhuzi School ") 2. Sublime, unconventional and natural artistic realm.
The images in Tao Yuanming's poems seem unremarkable, but they create a lofty and unconventional artistic realm. The main idea of his poems lies in freehand brushwork, in expressing his mind, interest and understanding of life, while the description and narration of scenery is only for meaning.
Many of Tao's poems have reached the natural artistic realm of the unity of things and me, subject and object, emotion, scenery and reason. 3. The colors are natural and the language is concise and vivid.
Tao Yuanming's poems are not just ornamentation, but use simple and natural language and sparse brushwork to concisely outline vivid images and convey profound meanings, so as to achieve the artistic effect of freehand brushwork and vivid expression. He is good at refining the spoken language in daily life into poetry, which is full of strong flavor of life. He often uses metaphors, symbols, sustenance and other techniques, even if he uses allusions, it is colloquial.
Regarding the style of Tao Yuanming's poems, Su Shi thinks that "the quality is vivid and rich", seemingly "dry", but the essence is beautiful (Dongpo Inscription and Comment on Poetry: "Liu Zihou's poems are below Tao Yuanming, but above Suzhou. Boldly and boldly return it, arts and sciences are not as profound as meaning.
What is expensive is dry, which means that the outside is dry and the inside is medium, which seems to be dry and beautiful, and so is the flow of profound knowledge and thick children. If the middle edge is dry, it is He Zudao! Hui Hong's "Cold Zhai Night Talk": "Dongpo tastes: If Yuan and Ming poems are slow at first, those who are familiar are interesting."
Qin Guan also said that "Tao Qian's poems are good at dilution" (on Han Yu: "In the past, Su Wu and Li Ling's poems were good at lofty, Cao Zhi and Liu Gonggan's poems were good at luxury, Tao Qian and Ruan Ji's poems were good at dilution, Xie Lingyun and Bao Zhao's poems were good at elegance, and Xu Ling and Yu Xin's poems were good at glamour." Shi Yang's "Quotations from Mr. Kameyama": "What Tao Yuanming can't achieve, dilute the essence, out of nature."
Hong Zeng said: "My comments on Tao Gong's poems are plain and profound, but if they are dry outside and solid inside, they are also the crown of true poets." (Li Gonghuan's "Notes on Tao Yuanming", Volume 4) Ge Zai's rhyme: "The poems with Xie Tiao are both plain and thoughtful, and they are not the works of later poets."
Wu Cheng's Preface to Sending Yuan Yong to Pengze to Teach Poetry: "It is also a poem, which is flashy but not gorgeous, such as? In the brocade, readers don't know its hidden beauty. " ("Wu Wenzheng Collection" Volume 21) Wang Shizhen's "Yi Yan Yuan Yan" Volume 3: "Deep and clear, its language is extremely clever, it is a big thought, and it is written without trace."
Hu Yinglin's Poems Volume II: "lyna is an infantry." Ye Jiao Ran's "The First Collection of Poetry in Longxingtang": "Ruan and Tao Ergong are anti-worldly, and the gods are diluted, which is wonderful."
Tao Yuanming's poems have various styles and rich themes, but only the pastoral poems of mountains and rivers can surpass the ancient sages and it is difficult to continue. Therefore, talking about Tao Yuanming's works should be based on his pastoral poems. Works with other themes, such as chanting history, reading, traveling and giving answers, can enrich the connotation of Tao poetry, but they cannot represent the excellent quality of Tao poetry. The emotional expression of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems is relaxed, and the lyric way is simple and natural. Its "insipid" taste is caused by stripping off the prosperity, originating from reality and returning to nature. If it is popular on water, it will be written naturally.
5. Talk about the natural artistic features of Tao Yuanming's poems with his works. The artistic features of Tao Yuanming's poems have long been evaluated by predecessors, calling them simple, natural and sincere.
But this is not a folk song, nor is it a style influenced by folk songs, but a conscious aesthetic pursuit of the poet. Fundamentally speaking, this is also determined by Tao Yuanming's "natural" philosophy.
In his view, man-made complex etiquette destroys the naturalness of society, and pretentious behavior destroys the naturalness of human nature. Then, excessive pursuit of external poetic form will inevitably destroy the naturalness of feelings. So he seldom uses rich colors, exaggerated intonation, abstruse vocabulary and uncommon allusions.
Contradictions are also commonly used in his poems, but most of them are primitive and not so refined that they are not obvious. His poems are full of emotion, but they are rarely really strong and appear surging, but combined with calm philosophical thinking, they present a clear and distant artistic conception.
This aesthetic realm is unprecedented, and there is no one after it. Furthermore, the simplicity of Shi Tao's words is not random, not processed, but highly refined, washing away all miscellaneous and sticky components, and then showing a clear simplicity.
There is no doubt that he has a keen sense of the beauty of nature, so he can recreate it into a poetic image with accurate and simple language. For example, "a warm and distant village, smoke on a field in Iraq" describes the tranquility of the countryside, "keeping one's ears open, keeping one's eyes clean" describes the lightness of snow, and "there is a south wind coming, and the wings are new seedlings" describes the traces of wind.
6. The poem of man and nature Tao Yuanming returns to the garden, loves the birds in the old forest, misses the pond fish in his hometown, revives the wasteland at dawn, brings the moon lotus to his home with a hoe, drinks, and sees Nanshan leisurely under the chrysanthemum fence. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. "
Xie Lingyun's "Climbing the Pool and Going Upstairs", "Spring grass grows in the pool, and the garden willows become songbirds".
The moonlight in the pine forest, the crystal stone in the stream and the clear stream, in my heart, I have always been as pure as the clear water in Luonan, and then I sat and watched the clouds rising in Ran Ran.
Li Bai's single-handedly drinking the bright moon invited me to take my shadow tomorrow, and the three of us went down to Zhongnanshan to Hu Si's kind pillow bowl, and we sang to the tune of the breeze; We finished singing songs and watching Taoist priests, distinguished wild bamboos from flying springs, hung up Bifeng, sang Lushan ballads, put Lu on the boat, and I climbed to the top of the mountain. I look around the world, and the rivers are boundless, and there is no return. In Wan Li, Huang Yun, the snow-capped peaks whirl around nine streams.
Du Fu's "Arrival" and "My north, my south, spring water is flooding, and I only see gulls day after day".
Han Yu's rocks color streams and mountains green and purple, illuminating everything. I sometimes pass by pine trees and oak trees, which is not enough for ten people. When water flows barefoot on the rocks, the sound of water inspires the wind and makes clothes. "These things make life happy in themselves. Are you embarrassed to be laughed at? ".
Modern Wang Guowei's Dream of Penglai, Clouds in the Gorge and Lonely Days;
Xu Maodong Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge and the Voice of the Country