Appreciating the expressive skills of ancient poetry
(1) knowledge reserve: The expressive skills of poetry are mainly lyrical, descriptive and rhetorical.
1, lyrical technique
(1) direct lyric (direct expression). For example, "Life is an outstanding person, death is a ghost outstanding person", which expresses the passionate life ideal of the poetess and implicitly criticizes the cowardly behavior of the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court in blindly surrendering and favoring Jiangnan.
(2) Indirect lyric (lyric by scenery, lyric by scenery, lyric by things)
2. Description skills
(1) foil (foil)
(2) Dynamic and static combination (dynamic lining is static)
③ Combination of deficiency and excess
④ Rendering and drawing lines
3. Rhetoric.
Metaphor, symbol, parallelism, personification, exaggeration, interest, contrast, rhetorical question, synaesthesia, metonymy, pun, duality, repetition, etc.
(B) Test questions mode
Q: What kind of expression is used in this poem?
Variant of questioning: Please analyze the expressive technique (or expressive technique, artistic technique or technique) of this poem.
(3) Thinking of answering questions
When analyzing the expression of poetry, we should not only know "what", but also know "why" (the expression effect of this expression itself) and "how" (the effect of this expression on expressing poetry thoughts and feelings). When answering such questions, we should pay attention to mastering the thinking of "what" (narration), "why" (analysis) and "how" (comment) on the basis of identifying expression techniques.
(4) solving step
1, accurately point out what kind of technique was used.
2. Explain why this technique is combined with this poem.
3. This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings and achieves what kind of artistic effect.
(5) Misunderstanding warning
1, grasp the angle of not asking questions, and you can't tell whether it is descriptive, rhetorical or lyrical.
2. The knowledge of expression techniques is not comprehensive and systematic, resulting in incomplete answers.
3, the answer is not properly organized, you can't answer first, and then combine the analysis of specific poems to write some cliché s casually.
(6) Typical case analysis
Read the following song, then answer this question.
Cunju
Zhang shunmin
Running water surrounds the paddy field, and the fence is full of green bamboo; All the elm seeds have been lost, and the hibiscus flowers have become sparse.
As the sun sets, there is no cowboy riding on the back of the cow, only a pair of crows wandering on the village road.
Note: hibiscus blooms at the turn of summer and autumn, and its corolla is purple or white.
Analyze what expressive techniques are mainly used in this poem and what effect it has.
Appreciation of Poetry Zhang Shunmin, a famous poet in Song Dynasty. Country House is one of his representative works. The poem describes a picture of a quiet and elegant autumn village with a hint of silence.
"Water around the ridge and bamboo around the hedge", the selection of materials is like the transformation of focal plane, from distant view to close view. In the distance of the village, flowing water gurgles around the fields on the hillside. The small garden outside the house, surrounded by green bamboo and green water, is idyllic. "all the money is lost, and the hibiscus flowers are rare." Hibiscus, also known as Hibiscus, blooms at the turn of summer and autumn, and its corolla is purple or white. Sparse hibiscus shows that it is a clear autumn, and an elm tree has long been in blowing in the wind. Therefore, although the courtyard is green and pleasant, it is a pity that the heyday has passed, and the remaining hibiscus flowers will inevitably cause the feeling of beauty dying. The significance of silence is self-evident.
"No one lies on the cow's back in the sunset, leading west Western jackdaw to return in pairs". The silence was broken by the hooves of cattle, and the poet switched the camera to the outside of the yard. The sun sets, the twilight is boundless, and the old cow slowly returns. This scene was sung as early as in the Book of Songs: "At dusk, the cattle and sheep came down". ("Feng Wang? However, the poet did not repeat his predecessors' poems, but captured a brand-new artistic image: the old cow returned by itself, and the cow's back was not a cowherd playing piccolo, but a standing western Western jackdaw. Western Western jackdaw is easily frightened and good at flying, but in this quiet atmosphere, she is carefree and stands on the back of an ox. The silence in western Western jackdaw is closely related to the movement of bulls. The action of a cow contains the stillness of Western jackdaw in the west, the size of which corresponds to each other, and the action contrast, which constitutes a novel picture. Song poetry strives for innovation, which is evident here. Is the word "no one is lying down" redundant? Why not just say, "When the sun sets, western Western jackdaw stands on his back"? "This is the charm of this poem." No one is lying down "is a pen, which causes readers to ask questions: so what is on the back of the cow?" So it leads to "bring back western Western jackdaw in pairs", and now the image is just around the corner. Without this setback, it would be too straight and lack rhyme. The sight of cattle carrying birds has also been described by poets close to Zhang Shunmin's time. As Mai Su said, "Where did the leaves go with the flowing water? Cattle take West Western jackdaw to other villages (see the book Dongpo Inscription and Maishi), and Zhu He's Water Negative Bird Anger (Collection of Qing Hu's Legacy, Volume 5, Kuaizaiting Evening). Zhang Shunmin's poems are obviously more artistic. First of all, it incorporates its own emotional color. Cattle carrying Western jackdaw in the west reflects the tranquility and peace of rural life, but the author highlights the atmosphere with "sunset" and "Western jackdaw in the west", adding a touch of leisure to the tranquility. Second, the image is more delicate and vivid. If the "belt" and "row beam" cooperate with each other, the cow will feel at ease, and the cow and crow will naturally have no guess. It seems to be an understatement, but it has both form and spirit.
Silence is the keynote of this little poem. The first two sentences choose green water, fields, bamboo, hedges, elms, hibiscus flowers and other still lives to write static. The last two sentences are different techniques, which are dynamic and static. Cattle hoof is well received, walking slowly, noisy and dynamic, but it does not destroy the harmony and unity of the environment. The mystery lies in slow movement and single tone. This is obviously the same as Wang Wei's landscape poems, such as "Autumn Night in a Mountain" and "Bird Sound Stream", in which the static is expressed by moving.
Through careful observation of life, this poem outlines a novel image in elegant and natural language, expresses the poet's leisurely and quiet mood with a little sadness, constitutes a harmonious artistic conception and gives people beautiful artistic enjoyment.
A: This poem uses a combination of motion and static. The first two sentences choose still life such as green water, bamboo, elm and hibiscus flowers, and the scenery is refreshing and natural. In the last two sentences, Western jackdaw in the west, which is easy to be surprised and fly, stands on the back of a slowly returning cow, moving silently, getting quieter and quieter, getting quieter and more dynamic, forming a quiet and elegant village map.
(7) Thematic training
1. Read the following Tang poem and answer this question.
Night snow
Bai Juyi
This night, the pillow was ice, which surprised me. I saw the light snow outside the window.
It's late at night until it snows heavily, because you can hear the sound of bamboo branches breaking from time to time.
From what angle are the first, second and fourth sentences of the poem written about Yexue? What technology was used?
The first, second and fourth sentences of the reference answer are written from the perspectives of feeling, vision and hearing respectively. This is a profile description.
Read the following song and then answer this question.
Chunjin
Song dynasty? Zheng Yi.
Spring is over before pedestrians get home, and the spring breeze is the culprit of the end of the world.
Walking through the ridge at night, I suddenly heard the rain. Today, this stream is full of flowers.
The tree has not returned, the road has been broken, and the back mountain has turned to clouds.
At night, there is little dust and pollution, only clear spring overflows white sand.
What's the expression for the first combined transport? Please analyze this poem in detail.
The anthropomorphic technology was used in the first combined transportation. (1 min) Being away from home for a long time makes me even more melancholy when it comes to spring scenery. Even the spring breeze should be condemned: why don't you stay at home and run to the end of the world? (1) personifies the spring breeze and expresses homesickness implicitly and humorously. (2 points)
Read the following song, then answer this question.
Quail day
Chengda Fan
I can see light green, and the curved aperture is a small red glume. Bees are noisy on the shelf, and swallows are light among the willows. Spring is gentle, and guests fall. When the flowers fade and the wine fades, it will be clear. Have a drink and buy something from the Ming Dynasty, and give it to the sunset for rebirth.
Tommy: an ornamental plant.
(1) What are the techniques for describing spring scenery in the first part? Simply analyze it. (4 points)
(2) Combining with the next text, briefly analyze the emotion expressed by the author. (4 points)
The reference answer (1) describes the spring scenery by means of color contrast and dynamic and static contrast; (2) Compare "light green" with "Hongying", and compare static young leaves and small Hongying with dynamic bees and swallows. (2 points)
(2) In the face of the departure of spring, the poets who left their hometown had to drown their sorrows by drinking, get along with this boring moonlit night and welcome a new day; (2 points) Expressed the poet's feelings of being hurt by spring and leaving England. (2 points)