Method for planting longan tree in courtyard
(A) Garden selection
1. Climatic conditions: Frost is the main factor limiting longan planting. Temperatures below minus 2-3 degrees will cause serious freezing damage, so it is necessary to avoid planting longan in areas with severe frost.
2. Terrain: When choosing a garden, it should be avoided to build the garden in an area with frequent strong winds (especially against the northwest wind) or an area prone to cold air deposition.
3. Soil: Red loam, yellow loam, sandy loam, alluvial soil and other soils with loose soil, deep soil layer, good air permeability and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity are selected.
4. Water source: Choose the area close to the water source to build the garden, and a good irrigation belt is the guarantee of high and stable yield of longan. If water can be diverted to build ponds, spraying and drought-resistant irrigation can be guaranteed, and planting can also be developed on sloping fields.
(2) Selection of varieties The selection of cultivated varieties mainly depends on market demand, adaptability of varieties in cultivation areas and cultivation technology level. At present, the main cultivated varieties in our city are: Chuliang, Shijie, Gushan No.2 and Shuang Mu.
(3) Planning and construction of roads in the park: according to the terrain, main roads and tractor roads which are beneficial to traffic are arranged. Irrigation system: Longan planting needs a lot of water, and establishing a complete irrigation system is beneficial to high-yield cultivation of Longan. Pipeline irrigation system includes water source, water lifting equipment, reservoir, septic tank, water pipeline, etc. Terrace building: Before planting in hilly and mountainous areas, horizontal terraces should be built first, or holes should be planted in the contour line at the front of the horizontal terraces to improve the soil's water and fertilizer conservation ability.
(4) Planting density: Longan should not be planted too densely, with 30-50 plants per mu and 4.5m spacing between plants? Five meters, four meters? 3 meters. Preparation before planting: the size of planting hole mainly determines the amount of organic fertilizer to improve soil, which should not be less than the length, right? Wide? 0.8 deep? 0.8? 0.6 meters. Hole-filling base fertilizers mainly include topsoil, weeds, pond mud, garbage, pig manure and chicken manure, which can be backfilled or mixed in layers, and generally planted after backfilling 1-2 months. Selection of seedlings: Selection of seedlings is an important technical link, which requires pure varieties, robust plant growth, dark green leaves, developed fibrous roots, no pests and diseases, and grafted seedlings with more than two mature buds. Old residual seedlings with aging trunks and yellow leaves and seedlings with too small growth are not suitable for planting. Planting: It can be planted in all seasons except winter. Generally speaking, it is best to plant in spring (before the spring shoots grow). The loose soil in the planting hole sinks and sits firmly, and the root neck is flat on the ground or 3-5 cm deep underground, so that the soil and the root system are fully contacted and the root system is leached by water, which is suitable for planting. After planting, water the soil to keep it moist. Pay attention to avoid rainy days as much as possible to raise seedlings. Seedlings planted with mud cannot break up the mud. When planting bare-rooted seedlings, the roots should be fully spread and evenly distributed.
The longan tree is picked every year from July to August when the fruit is ripe and yellow-brown. The life span of seeds is very short. Remove the aril after shelling, and sow immediately after washing with clear water. When the height of seedlings is 8- 10 cm, the seedlings are planted in separate beds or moved into nutrient bags in spring rain or autumn, and the seedling age is six months or 1 year. The forest land is selected in the hilly platform below 500 meters above sea level. Cultivated varieties must be propagated by grafting.
Planting method of longan tree
(1) fertilizer and water management. Fertilizer and water are the material basis for longan growth. Applying sufficient fertilizer to young longan trees in time can make them grow faster, form a crown and bear fruit early.
The first fertilization started 1 month after planting longan saplings. In the future, every time a new bud grows and a new leaf turns green, it is necessary to apply fertilizer once. When topdressing, biogas slurry, pig manure water and other water fertilizers can be used, each tree can be sprayed with 20-25 kg of water fertilizer, and 0. 1 kg of urea or compound fertilizer can be added. Young longan trees have weak cold tolerance, so they need to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer when they enter the low temperature period in winter. In addition to adding compound fertilizer in the pit after applying organic fertilizer 1 1 month, it can also be sprayed on the back of leaves with topdressing outside the roots, which can spray 0.6% potassium chloride and 0.2% urea fertilizer solution.
Because the young tree crown and root system of longan are small, the water demand for fertilizer is not great, and the young tree root system is sensitive to fertilizer, so the principle of fertilization for young tree of longan should be diligent and sparse, that is, the concentration of fertilization should not be too large each time, but the number of fertilization should be more to ensure its growth and long-term need of fertilizer.
The rainfall in China's longan producing areas can fully meet the demand of longan growth, but due to the uneven distribution of rainfall throughout the year, it is often more in May-August and less in September-April. Therefore, attention should be paid to the drainage of the orchard in rainy season, but attention should be paid to the irrigation of the orchard, especially in August-10, which is the period when the autumn shoots of longan germinate.
(2) Crown management. Young longan trees should undergo necessary shaping and pruning. This is to cultivate a tree with high and stable yield, concentrate nutrients for the effective growth of young trees, and make them crown and bear fruit as soon as possible.
After the longan seedlings are planted and survive, select 3-5 new buds evenly distributed at different angles and cultivate them 30-50 cm from the ground to become the main branches of the crown. When the main branch germinates, 3-5 buds are selected according to the tree shape and cultured into lateral branches. In the next spring, if the seedlings grow spikes, they should be cut off to ensure that the branches and leaves are long and the crown grows fast.
Method for plan potted longan tree
1 Selection of culture soil and basin You can choose fertile and sticky pond sludge to dry and make mud particles as culture soil. Choose a ceramic basin with a diameter greater than 40㎝ and a height of 33㎝, and lay 2㎝ substrates with good water permeability at the bottom of the basin, such as coarse sand and cinder.
2 Water management Potted four-season honey longan requires higher water content. In case of spring drought during the spring shoot growth period, the basin soil should be kept moist. In order to make the four-season honey longan mature after September, which happens to be a dry and rainy autumn and winter season, longan must have sufficient water supply from the young fruit growth period to the fruit maturity period. Hay can be covered on the basin soil to reduce water evaporation and keep the basin soil moist; However, it is necessary to uncover the plastic film frequently, check the dryness and wetness of the soil, and water it in time. 3 young trees are mainly fertilized with organic fertilizer, such as decomposed cake fertilizer. When applied, the concentration is diluted to 3%, and the concentration is 0. 1%, and the fertilizer is applied 5-6 times a year, with emphasis on fertilization in winter and spring, and cultivation of spring shoots and fruiting mother branches.