Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "Education is to cultivate habits." Cultivating education is the basis of establishing quality education. Because habits determine people's quality, habits determine people's fate and development, and habits are the external expression of a person's internal quality. The improvement of internal quality and the cultivation of external forms of expression will play a very important role in the success of students at this stage and their lifelong development, and will benefit students for life. Doing a good job in students' cultivation education and promoting students to gradually develop good behavior habits is a project to implement quality education for students and lay a solid foundation for their lifelong development. Primary school students are in the critical period of learning to be human. They are eager for knowledge, flexible and good at imitation. We should seize this golden age, scientifically implement formative education according to the physical and mental characteristics of primary school students, and guide them to grow up healthily.
First, understanding and seeking knowledge, inspiring thinking
The so-called understanding is to let students understand the truth of developing good behavior habits, correct their cognitive attitude and carry out internal motivation.
Human behavior is regulated by psychological activities such as cognition, emotion and will. These three kinds of psychological activities constitute people's overall attitude, which largely determines people's choice and behavior direction of external influence. Therefore, the purpose of understanding is to promote students to correctly understand the law of behavior, obtain correct emotional experience, form a standardized behavior intention, and then achieve the purpose of correcting behavior attitude and generating good behavior motivation.
Behavior habit is the explicit form of internal cognition. The cultivation of good behavior habits of primary school students should go through the process of internalization of behavior norms and concrete practice. To cultivate their code of conduct, it is necessary to make students think and attach importance to behavior training on the basis of explaining the truth, so that it can become their conscious behavior and form habits.
We should make full use of school broadcasts, class club activities, blackboard newspapers, billboards, handwritten newspapers, visits, watching feature films, etc., and adopt various ways such as teachers' lectures, class cadres' lectures, parents' lectures, so that students can understand the truth of developing good behavior habits, and students can have positive psychological motives and consciously cooperate with school education.
Second, elaborate standards, step by step.
The so-called standard setting is to establish the target system of training education. The cultivation of students' good habits is a gradual process. Therefore, the goal of cultivating students' habits must follow the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and the law of habit formation. Only in this way can we ensure the scientificity and sustainability of formative education. Establishing an appropriate target system can not only arouse people's enthusiasm, but also make the education of behavior habit formation scientific and standardized. Therefore, it is necessary to combine "the norm of daily behavior of primary school students" with "the goal of moral education in primary schools", pay attention to exploring the essence of formative education from the theoretical depth of psychology and pedagogy, and establish an educational goal system.
When designing the goal of habit cultivation, firstly, according to the growth needs of students, we define three major goals: good habits of life, good habits of study and good habits of morality. Then, according to the principle of from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from guidance and restraint to conscious behavior, small goals are formulated in three stages: low, medium and high. The lower grades focus on cultivating basic and shallow good habits. For example, in the cultivation of good living habits, the goal of lower grades is to be punctual and cherish time, and live a regular life. Mainly to develop basic living habits such as regular work and rest, independent sleep, getting up on time and going to school on time; The goal of middle school is moderate, regular, self-disciplined and self-disciplined. Mainly to develop good habits such as helping parents do housework, arranging time reasonably, doing things in a planned way, and learning to protect personal privacy; The goal of senior three is to guide students to consume reasonably, mainly to cultivate students' healthy, civilized and positive outlook on life.
Third, lead by example and guide imitation.
Comenius said: "Children like to imitate everything they see, good or bad, without even telling them to do it. Because of this, they learn to imitate before they learn to be attentive. When I say "examples", I mean both living examples and examples taken from books; In fact, living role models are more important because they have a stronger impression. "
It can be seen that the power of example is infinite. Example is a living teaching material with vivid, vivid and concrete characteristics. It is more convincing and appealing to primary school students and plays a special role in the formation of students' good habits. Therefore, teachers should set an example for students with their good behavior habits. Teachers should consciously start from small things, standardize their voice, appearance, speech and manners with etiquette rules, form a harmonious, friendly and equal teacher-student relationship with students, and create a relaxed and happy learning atmosphere for students. "The Analects of Confucius Luz" has a cloud: "Its body is straight but not made: its body is not straight, although it is not made." Therefore, teachers are pregnant with education. When there is paper on the ground, set an example and pick it up quickly; When you see the desks and chairs in the classroom askew, you should tidy them up immediately; Students fall down, we have to rush to help them ... all this will be seen by students, remembered in their hearts, and gradually they will follow our example.
After long-term conscious study, practice and accumulation, teachers' words and deeds will be perfectly unified. At the same time, we should also be good at giving full play to the exemplary role of outstanding students. So I often use a magnifying glass to discover and observe the advantages of students. For example, "a student is very attentive to his studies", "a student is very active in his work" and "a student has civilized and disciplined activities" and so on. I will praise every advantage of students' behavior habits in time and set an example, and clearly ask students to follow suit and learn from whom. Children have a competitive mentality, and they can't help but demand themselves on this basis and form the habit of strict discipline.
Fourth, the environment is affected by it.
The environment plays a role in demonstrating, restraining, correcting and encouraging students' good behavior habits, and carefully creating a high-grade school culture can make students subtly educated and influenced. Therefore, the construction of school culture should not only pursue the modernization of material culture, but also attach importance to the advancement of humanistic culture, and promote the formation of students' good behavior habits under the influence of material culture and humanistic culture.
(A) to create a material environment for education.
Efforts should be made to make every wall and corner of the campus an available resource for habit formation, thus forming a unique hall culture, corridor culture, classroom culture, characteristic classroom culture and playground culture. Children are bathed in this warm atmosphere every day, which will be subtly affected and infected. For example, "Go up and down the stairs to the right", "Don't make noise in the corridor" and "Pay attention to language". The tips on the stairs have become the code of conduct for teachers and students. "Bring etiquette to the campus, bring smiles to everyone", "Campus is my home, care for you, me and him", "Please put the word first, have a nice trip" and so on. This sentence was written by students and blew into every student's heart like spring breeze.
We will also arrange the specific requirements of ten good habits and the appraisal column of "Develop ten good habits and strive to be a good youth in spring" in the lobby on the second floor of the school, so that teachers and students can see it upstairs and downstairs every day. Each class has a personalized evaluation column. Such as: etiquette appraisal column, reading exhibition column, class star, whoever reaches the top first, good habits will grow together. After careful design and arrangement by students, every wall in the classroom has the connotation of educating people. These silent languages will become the best behavior instructors of students' self-discipline, and will also become the catalyst for the unity of students' self-discipline and heteronomy.
(2) Create a spiritual environment for cultivating education.
First of all, we use the first week of each semester to talk about the significance and methods of habit formation. Secondly, each class will hold a meeting of the "behavior habit education" team leader in the first week of 1 month after the start of school. Thirdly, establish a "good habit accumulation card" and extensively carry out "my good habit" activities. Finally, activities with the theme of opening ceremony and joining the team will be carried out. Through the above methods, students are encouraged to reflect on themselves, adjust themselves, strengthen self-discipline and gradually form good habits.
Etiquette demonstration post is the motivation to motivate students to make progress. At the end of each class, there are demonstration posts of civilization and etiquette on both sides of the gate of each class. From their smiling faces and standardized team ceremony, we can see that they cherish this honor. This is the affirmation of all the teachers and students in the class for their formative education activities. The collection of educational activities in the window is a display of teachers and students working together to experience success and enjoy happiness.
The construction of campus culture embodies rich educational connotation, condenses advanced school-running ideas, bears heavy historical accumulation, highlights the distinctive features of the school and shows the beautiful features of teachers and students.
Fifth, strengthen training and guidance.
Training education begins with "training" and ends with "success", with "training" as the means and "success" as the purpose. To cultivate students' education, we should understand with reason, move with emotion and guide with action. And "guide it and do it" is the most important part. After years of practice, we find that the most basic and important way to cultivate students' good behavior habits is training. Training should emphasize the word repetition, and it is difficult to become a habit without repeating training. Therefore, in students' behavior training, we should also pay attention to the word "reinforcement", especially for primary school students, because of the lack of self-control, external reinforcement often plays a fundamental role.
Therefore, in the process of cultivating education, we should persist in carrying out colorful activities in the way of activity infiltration and external strengthening, so that students can be infected by laughter and enrich moral and emotional experience. First of all, carry out "I know the daily behavior habits" education activities. At the beginning of the school year, each class should organize students to learn the daily code of conduct, and organize students to learn and deepen their understanding of the content and specific requirements of the daily code of conduct through publicity columns, theme class meetings and knowledge contests. We also launched a "Great Discussion on the Image of Primary School Students in Jiachun" to guide students to discover and reflect on their own or others' bad habits, so that they can distinguish good from bad and distinguish right from wrong in the process of reflection and discussion. On this basis, we ask each class to recommend two students who have developed good habits and made rapid progress to participate in the speech contest of "Say goodbye to bad habits and be civilized teenagers" and "Good habits make a better life" organized by us. In addition, we also make full use of major festivals and anniversaries to carry out different forms of activities. For example, Children's Day on June 1st, National Day theatrical performances, Women's Day on March 8th and Mother's Day advocated the activity of "making filial piety a habit". That is, "say three words of blessing and do a housework" and "I am the master today, and I manage my finances today"; On Teachers' Day, we offer words and blessings to teachers, and so on. In various activities, students are educated in patriotism, collectivism, labor, gratitude and etiquette.
In the process of cultivating education, the activities of each class are more colorful and have their own characteristics. Some classes have set up a column of "Weekly Behavior Navigation Language". Each class determines a small topic to form habits according to the actual situation of the class, and then writes it in the column of "weekly behavior navigation language" in concise and vivid language to remind students to regulate their behavior from time to time. In order to cultivate students' good hygiene habits, some classes carry out "three pairs" activities. That is, first of all, be responsible for yourself, do a good job in personal hygiene, take a bath frequently, change clothes frequently, and put things in order; Secondly, be responsible for the collective, consciously maintain environmental sanitation, do not litter or spit in the classroom and campus, and take care of flowers and trees; Once again, I am responsible for society. I don't throw waste batteries, I don't use disposable chopsticks, I consciously sort out the garbage, and I don't make noise in public places. In this way, from individuals to families, schools and society, students' awareness of environmental protection will be enhanced from low to high. Not only that, we also let students participate in the street anti-drug publicity, participate in the "3. 15" publicity to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, enhance students' legal awareness, and let students learn, know, understand and abide by the law.
Six, social practice, experience success
Practical experience method is a method to experience success and happiness and strengthen good habits through the requirements of practical norms. It is not only a kind of behavior training, but also a kind of will exercise to organize students to fulfill the requirements of norms and develop good behavior habits in practice.
Schools can combine open recruitment with class recommendation, and carry out activities such as "I am a day-to-day duty teacher", "I am a day-to-day head teacher" and "I am a day-to-day flag bearer" according to different grades, so that students can realize the importance of various positions in the school. With the aim of "independent search, independent choice and independent creation", organize and guide students to find jobs, compete for jobs and create jobs. Carry out the activity of "I can do it in a small post", all the work in the class is in charge, and each student has a post for others and the collective. Let students experience happiness in practical activities and cultivate students' good behavior habits in happiness.
For example, when cultivating students' habit of being friendly to others and watching the game in a civilized way, we should make full use of activities such as school sports art festival display, June 1st cultural performance, poetry concert and so on, so that students can experience how to be a civilized audience. We also regard the process of participating in activities as the process of training, and put forward detailed requirements, including the requirements for students' sitting posture, standing posture and clapping, all of which are clearly stipulated and trained one by one. After the activity, we will encourage and praise the students' good behavior in time by choosing a civilized audience. This kind of inspiring training again and again makes students applaud consciously when watching the game inside and outside the school, and realize that they should respect others and be friendly to others.
In cultivating education, we should clarify and strengthen the construction of moral education base, and speed up the process of students' socialization in colorful position education activities. Activity is an experience, and experience is an improvement. For example, in Tomb-Sweeping Day, students are organized to pay homage to the martyrs' cemetery, and the older generation of revolutionaries are invited to tell the story of the martyrs, and a joining ceremony is held in front of the revolutionary martyrs' monument; The Ping Jin Campaign Memorial Hall is also the patriotic education base of our school. Every community, every street, every nursing home, every green land, children are busy. Decent "little reporters", serious little traffic controllers and diligent and capable little volunteers all reflect the children's good moral standards.
Seven, home and school join hands to form a joint force.
Parents are the first teachers to form students' habits. Parents' behavior habits and educational attitudes play a vital role in the formation of students' habits.
(1) Build a home-school education network.
Schools should publicize the importance of habit formation, introduce the methods of habit formation, win the support of parents, and work together to cultivate children's good habits.
As parents, they should not only provide children with necessary learning conditions, buy necessary books and learning tools, and strive to create a good learning environment, but also provide excellent demonstrations in speech, behavior, thoughts, beliefs, habits and hobbies. What parents ask their children to do, they must do it first, and set an example to better educate their children.
For example, our school holds an "excellent parent" selection every semester. Parents summed up their scientific methods of educating their children and their practices of cultivating their good habits in writing, and the whole school selected 100 good parents. Invite education experts and outstanding parents' representatives to give a report to the parents of the whole school. Parents can improve their own quality by writing compositions, listening to expert lectures, exchanging experiences and other forms, create a harmonious family education atmosphere, make students feel at home at school, promote the internalization of behavior habits, form good moral quality, maintain the continuity of education and improve the effectiveness of education.
(2) Guide parents to participate in the evaluation.
Educational activities can be carried out to cultivate the good habit of "being grateful to parents and experiencing affection" among students. During the activity, the school regularly arranges a series of homework to guide children to do some small things for their parents. Hold a parent-teacher conference of "Gratitude for Parents, Happy Growth", and carry out gratitude education at different levels according to the three years of high, middle and low, so as to lay a foundation for persisting in developing good behavior habits in the future.
In the whole process of behavior training and habit formation, we should also pay attention to close contact with students' parents, emphasize mutual visits, require mutual encouragement and pay attention to mutual understanding, so as to achieve better results. At the same time, the content and some norms of the student code will be turned into practical things, so that students can "practice" at home in stages and with emphasis, and hold regular parent-teacher meetings, or contact the book through home and school, so that parents can report the results of "practice" to their teachers, such as going out to say hello and respecting their elders. You can pair up with parents, infiltrate the methods of cultivating students' good behavior habits, and promote the cultivation of students' good behavior habits. For example, teachers and students fill in the basic situation of the family, and teachers fill in the time, main facts and teaching effect of bad behavior habits; Home and school should analyze the reasons, further study the corrective measures, make the views tend to be consistent, and form a joint force of education; Carry out curative effect tracking records; Conduct a corrective assessment.
VIII. Feedback, Incentive, Supervision and Evaluation
Good habits cannot be formed overnight. In the process of forming good habits, there are often repeated phenomena. At this time, in addition to relying on their own efforts, but also relying on the supervision and guidance of classmates, teachers and parents, internal and external factors work together, which is more conducive to the establishment and consolidation of good habits, so that students can form conscious habits in continuous practice.
(A) the combination of individual evaluation and comprehensive evaluation. In terms of personal evaluation, according to the students' daily performance, every semester, we select such young stars as Health Star, Fitness Star, Courtesy Star, Reading Star, Calligraphy Star, Singing Star and Self-care Star. In terms of comprehensive evaluation, the "Good Spring Star" selection activity was carried out on campus.
(B) summative evaluation combined with process evaluation. Every semester, the school will select the "training education star class", which is the ultimate evaluation of a stage. In addition, according to the actual situation of each class, it emphasizes the change, progress and development of the routine management of each class's formative education, and implements dynamic evaluation and process evaluation to reflect the management personality and promote the continuous progress of each class's formative education. (C) The combination of on-campus evaluation and off-campus evaluation. In the evaluation process, the school not only requires internal evaluation of the school, teachers and students, but also invites students' parents, community representatives and superior leaders to the school for questionnaire survey and discussion to evaluate students' behavior habits and school education.
(D) the combination of external evaluation and independent evaluation. In the routine inspection and evaluation of formative education, we should not only insist on external supervision and strengthen evaluation inspection, but also pay attention to giving play to students' consciousness and autonomy. In the evaluation of formative education, we should adhere to the combination of inspection and self-evaluation, and the combination of discipline and self-requirement.
The formation of good behavior habits cannot be achieved overnight. It needs the long-term efforts of students and the constant supervision and guidance of teachers and parents. It is necessary to make formative education truly become the inherent demand of students and urge them to consciously develop good behavior habits.
We should always adhere to the concept of "good habits are widely known, and good habits are often adhered to". Because we firmly believe: sowing behavior can harvest habits; Sowing habits can harvest character; Sowing character can reap fate. Today, we cultivate students' good behavior habits, and tomorrow, students will certainly reap a happy life. But we also know that the implementation of formative education has a long way to go, which requires us to pay more attention and energy, and we need to explore better ways and means to ensure it.