As a combination of dynamic and static scenery, it often depicts dynamic and static with an artistic conception, and often takes quietness as the main way to form a harmonious unity of artistic conception and image. It is a contrast technique to contrast the static by describing and rendering the dynamic.
Mr. Qian Zhongshu pointed out in "The Cone in the Tube" that "silence is deep, and every time it is set off by sound, it becomes deeper". Wang Ji, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, wrote "If you are in a water stream": What is a general? Empty water is long.
The afterglow of the sunset rises from the distant mountains, and the sun shines on the winding water. The cicadas are singing, and the Woods are particularly quiet; The singing of birds in the mountains is more beautiful than usual.
This place has given me a hermit's heart. I'm tired of my official career but I'm not retired and sad. Among them, the phrase "cicadas make the forest quiet, but the sound palace mountain is more secluded" is called "a unique place outside the text"
Liang Shu? There is such a record in the Biography of Literature: "Except for the King of Eastern Hunan, joining the army without pomp must follow the court. There is Yunmen Tianzhu Mountain in the county seat, which you can enjoy or stay there for several months.
For Joyehi, the poem says:' Cicada makes the forest quiet, and Yingong Mountain is more secluded.' At that time, I thought it was unique outside the text. "
The poet's description of the mountain forest lies in describing the quietness of Ruoyuexi. This quiet environment complements the "clouds lead to distant caves and sunny scenery drives back", which is a realistic description of the interest of "general" and "leisure" in the opening.
Writing about the tranquility of mountains and forests is not static writing, but dynamic writing and dynamic setting. Xia Chan is noisy, only to know that the wind and waves are falling, like a mountain is quieter; Only when you hear the twittering of birds do you know that the mountains are deeper without people.
Cicadas sing against Lin Jing and birds sing against Shan Ye. Quiet and full of life, there are paintings in poems and poems in paintings. It is said that in the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi also liked these two poems very much, but he felt that they were not very interesting. So he copied a sentence from his poem "Poems of Zhongshan" and changed it to "A bird doesn't sing the mountain, it is more secluded". The whole poem is: "the stream flows around the bamboo silently, and the flowers and plants in the west of the bamboo are soft in spring."
Mao Yan sits opposite each other all day long, and it's more secluded if a bird doesn't sing a mountain. "After the change, I felt quite proud, but I was described by his good friend Huang Tingjian as" touching the gold while the iron is hot ".
Du Fu's "Living in a secluded place" titled by Zhang: "Looking alone in the green hills, logging in the mountains is more secluded", and Lu You's "Being a servant alone, I can't hear the human voice" all set off the silence with sound. Let me give you a few more examples: Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains: after the rain, the mountains are empty and stand on the autumn night.
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time. In the scenery described by the poet, there is movement in stillness, which is opposed to movement and combined with movement.
The second couplet "Moonlight in the Pine Woods" is a static scene, which is what you see; And "crystal stone in the stream" is a moving picture, a smell, a combination of motion and static, which constitutes a beautiful and lovely landscape painting. The third link is that the poet uses the sound of bamboo to set off the tranquility of the mountain, which is what he heard, and uses the lotus movement to set off the tranquility of the water, which is what he saw. What he saw and what he heard are intertwined, and "noisy" and "quiet" are in contrast, which is quite artistic.
The verbs describing actions in the poem are: Zhao, Liu, Gui, Xia, etc. Stationary objects are mountains and stones, and the moon is relatively stationary.
The author uses "Zhao" to set off the bright moon and pine trees, "Liu" to set off clear springs and rocks, "Gui" to set off quiet bamboo forests and noisy Huan girls, and "Summer" to set off fishing boats with relatively static lotus leaves that move with the boat, thus enhancing the sense of movement. The same dynamic and static contrast not only describes the different motion states of objects, but also contrasts noise, stillness, sound and stillness to further contrast the dynamic feeling and render the static feeling.
Empty mountains are silent, and women are noisy. The rocks in the empty mountain are silent, and the mountain spring flows through the rocks because of the abundant water after the rain, reflecting the tranquility in the mountain.
A word "flow" has a strange sound effect. The first half of this poem is all about natural scenery. Because of the sound of mountain springs and flowing water, the picture is quiet and quiet, but it is not lifeless. The second half of this poem is about social scenes. With people's participation, the quiet scenery suddenly became vivid. A group of happy girls went home and passed by the bamboo forest, joking as they walked. While the lotus leaf is rowing, the picture is still and moving, but in contrast, it is still and moving.
Another poem by Wang Wei, Birding Creek, also uses a lot of techniques to describe the artistic conception of dynamic and static contrast: people are idle and sweet-scented osmanthus falls, and the night is quiet and spring is empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
This poem describes the unusually quiet scene at night in Chunshan. The main idea of the poem is: in the environment where there is no human voice in the mountains, osmanthus flowers bloom and fall, and it seems that you can feel the sound of osmanthus falling to the ground.
When the night is still deeper, the spring mountain with various scenery seems to be empty. As soon as the moon came out, light appeared, which alarmed the mountain birds who had returned home. They sing a few songs by the spring from time to time.
This poem is mainly about the silence on a moonlit night in spring. Flowers fall, the moon rises and birds sing, all moving. The author uses decorative techniques to contrast static electricity, and has received good artistic effect.
Wang Wei also wrote a poem "Chai Lu": There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. Go back to the depths of the forest and shine at me from the green moss.
This is a landscape poem, which describes the quiet scenery of Chai Lu in the evening. The beauty of poetry is that it is dynamic and static, local and global, fresh and natural, unpretentious.
The first two sentences, "there is movement in silence", are about the silence of empty mountains, no figure, but the sound echoes. The last two sentences, "There is stillness in motion", describe the flow of light and shadow and are full of the feeling of silence.
The poem begins with "empty mountain" and then turns to "only smell", which leads to "human voice" The more empty the valley, the more empty it is; After human language, the more empty it is.
Then I wrote some reflections of the sunset, which caused a feeling of darkness all over. It ends with moss. Because moss only grows in places where no one has walked for a long time, the human language you hear can only be your own soliloquy, and the empty mountain is extremely quiet.
The author's description seems handy, without trace, and the keen feeling is original. Du Fu's "Song of the City": Jiang Yue goes only a few feet, and the night light shines.
The heron in the sand head is silent, and the fish in the stern are screaming. The fourth sentence of this poem uses "jumping fish" and "plucking hair" to set off the serenity and quietness of the river, so as to break the quietness, and the more quiet it is.
Jia Dao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous poem called Li Ning's Seclusion: Living in seclusion with few neighbors and flourishing grass. Birds perch on trees by the pool, and monks knock on the moon.