Comprehensive learning activity plan design for seventh grade - exploring the mysteries of the moon
Activity purpose
① Read scientific and technological works, pay attention to understand the scientific spirit and spirit embodied in the works Scientific thinking method.
② Appreciate literary works and have your own emotional experience.
③ When writing, choose appropriate expression methods according to the center of expression, reasonably arrange the sequence and details of the content, and express your meaning clearly and orderly. Use association and imagination to enrich the content of expression.
④ Master the basic methods of finding and applying information.
Activity preparation
Student preparation: ①Collect information about the moon. Query, download and classify information. Submit portfolio.
② Grouping: Divide students into two major groups, the "How Much Do You Know About the Mysteries of the Moon" study group and the "Colorful Moon Culture" study group. The two groups are further subdivided into "Moon Phases" and "Moon Phases". "Lunar Eclipse", "Tides", "Human Landing on the Moon", "Relationship between the Moon and Humans", "Myths and Legends", "Articles and Poems", "Couplets", "Folk Customs", "Music and Painting" and other sub-groups.
Activity process
Opening remarks: Create a situation to stimulate students' interest. Play the video of "Man on the Moon" and feel the greatness of mankind.
Classroom display process: Organize a lunar knowledge competition, divided into three groups, each group has three people. An organizing committee will be set up, the organizing committee will compile the topics, and after the game, the winning team will be selected and rewarded.
First round
Required questions
Contest rules:
① The three contestants on the stage must answer the questions within the specified time.
② 10 points will be awarded for each correct answer. No points will be deducted for incomplete or incorrect answers.
③ The answer time is 30 seconds.
Second round
Quick-answer questions
Contest rules:
① When the host finishes reading the questions and says "start", Anyone who makes a sound at the same time will have priority to answer the question.
② If the first speaker’s answer is incorrect or incomplete, other members of the group can supplement it appropriately without exceeding the time limit.
③ The time limit is one minute, and 10 points will be added for each correct answer.
④ 10 points will be deducted for wrong answers, and the questions will be treated as audience questions.
Third round
Must-answer questions for group cooperation
Contest rules:
①One minute for answering questions.
②The first speaker’s answer is incomplete, others can add to it.
③10 points will be added for correct or basic answers, and no points will be deducted for wrong answers.
④ During the answering process, the group division of labor is clear, and 10 points are added for happy cooperation.
Play the computer animation and ask you to retell the story of the lunar eclipse on Columbus Day to defeat the enemy.
Play the live video and ask you to talk about the process of the lunar eclipse.
Play the computer animation of the moon phases. Please draw and explain the different moon phases.
Today is December 16th of the lunar calendar. Please tell me the moon phase today.
Round 4
Risk questions
10-point risk questions: ①What is a lunar eclipse? ②What is a lunar halo? ③The main components of lunar rocks What are the substances?
20-point risk questions: 1. Sing a song about the moon. 2. Memorize a poem about the moon. 3. Tell a story about the moon for 30 seconds.
30-point risk question: (play video text introduction) 1. Use concise language to express what causes tides? (Play the Qiantang River tide video) 2. Use rich imagination to express the feelings of listening to trends.
(Play the video of the first human landing on the moon) 3. How to understand what Armstrong said: "This small step is a small step for a person; it is a huge leap for the entire mankind."
Round 5
Teacher’s summary
Writing training writing questions
Requirements: a. The imagination is strange and innovative. b. Full of creative spirit. c. Cooperation is completed, - human expression. d. About 200 words and 3 minutes. e. Audience evaluation, scores can be divided into three levels: 50 points, 40 points, and 30 points.
Question 1: You drive a spaceship and search for alien life in the vast space. It's been several days since you left Earth. At this time, through the porthole, you see a beautiful blue planet...
Second question: Dreaming on the moon
Third question: I am a lunar man ...
2. Reference example:
Dream on the Moon
Last night, I had a wonderful dream, dreaming that I was riding in the universe The spaceship came to the moon. This is a magical moon. When I first got there, I was already very tired. At this time, the moon immediately turned into a golden cradle. I lay on it, and the stars sang beautiful lullabies all around. Before I knew it, I fell asleep sweetly. When I woke up, I saw a beautiful river appearing next to me. The clear river water was glowing with dazzling silver light. The little stars jumped into the Milky Way to take a bath. Look, they washed themselves brighter.
Suddenly, the moon turned into a curved boat again, and I rocked gently on the boat. ah! I saw Father Heaven. He was wearing a big black cloak and driving a big golden carriage, speeding past the shore. He looked so majestic and majestic. I also saw the beautiful Rainbow Girl, who was wearing colorful clothes and was busy putting on makeup for tomorrow's dance! I was fascinated by the beautiful scenery in the sky and forgot about rowing for a long time.
Dingle bell, dingle bell, a crisp alarm sound woke me up. It turned out that this was just a beautiful dream, and I really wanted to go back to the dream.
Reference materials
1. Detailed information on the top ten mysteries of the moon
Mystery of the origin of the moon: As for the origin of the moon, scientists have proposed three theories: capture theory, The theory of homology and the theory of Earth splitting all have flaws, but the Apollo program helped prove that the theory that seems least likely is actually the best theory. Some scientists believe that the moon was formed together with the earth from a cloud of cosmic dust 4.6 billion years ago. Another theory is that the moon is a "child" of the earth, perhaps "plucked" from the Pacific region. However, the results of the "Apollo" lunar landing expedition showed that the structural composition of the earth and the moon are very different. Some scientists have put forward another hypothesis, the "capture theory." They believe that the moon accidentally broke into the earth's gravitational field and was locked in its current orbit. However, it is quite difficult to explain the mechanism of this process theoretically. Therefore, all three theories mentioned above are untenable. As Dr. Robin Bullett said: "It is easier to explain the absence of the moon than to explain its existence."
The mystery of the age of the moon: What is surprising is that the moon brought back Analysis of rock specimens found that 99% of them are older than 90% of the oldest rocks on Earth. The age of the first rock Armstrong picked up after landing in the Sea of ??Silence was 3.6 billion years old. Some other rocks are 4.3 billion years old, 4.6 billion years old, and 4.5 billion years old. It is almost as old as the Earth and the solar system itself. The oldest rock on Earth is 3.7 billion years old. In 1973, a lunar rock was determined to be 5.3 billion years old at the World Lunar Symposium. Even more puzzling is that these ancient rocks were collected from what scientists believe is the youngest region of the moon. Based on this evidence, some scientists have proposed that the moon formed in interstellar space long before the formation of the Earth.
Mystery that the lunar soil is older than the rocks: The ancient rocks of the moon have left scientists at a loss. However, compared with the soil around these rocks, the rocks are still young. According to analysis, the soil is at least 1 billion years older than the rock. At first glance, this may sound impossible, as scientists thought the soil was formed by crushing rocks. However, after measuring the chemical composition of the rocks and soil, scientists found that the soil had nothing to do with the rocks and seemed to come from elsewhere.
The mystery of stainless iron: The lunar rock samples also contain pure iron particles. Scientists believe that they did not come from meteorites. Scientists from the former Soviet Union and the United States also discovered an even stranger phenomenon: these pure iron particles have not rusted after being placed on the earth for 7 years. In the scientific world, pure iron that does not rust is unheard of.
The mystery of the large amount of water vapor on the dry moon: The first few lunar expeditions showed that the moon is a dry body. One scientist once asserted that it is one million times drier than the Gobi Desert. The first few missions of the Apollo missions found no trace of water on the lunar surface. However, Apollo 15 scientists detected a mass of water and air covering an area of ??100 square miles on the moon's surface. Scientists blushed and argued that this was caused by leakage in two small water tanks abandoned by American astronauts on the moon. But how can such a small water tank produce such a large amount of water vapor? Of course, this is not the urine of astronauts, which is sprayed directly into the sky of the moon. It seems that this water vapor comes from the interior of the moon.
The mystery of the glass-like surface of the moon: "Apollo" astronauts discovered that many places on the moon's surface are covered with a layer of glass-like material, which shows that the moon's surface seems to be burned by a blazing fireball. Pass. As one scientist pointed out: "The moon is covered with glass." Expert analysis has proved that this layer of glassy material was not produced by the impact of a huge meteorite. Some scientists believe that this is the explosion of the sun in some kind of micro-nova state. consequences.
The mystery of the moon’s magnetic field: Earlier detection and research showed that the moon has almost no magnetic field, but analysis of lunar rocks has proven that it has a strong magnetic field. This phenomenon has puzzled scientists. Dr. Paul Gast declared: "The rocks here have very strange magnetic properties...It is completely beyond our expectation." If the moon once had a magnetic field, then it should have an iron However, reliable evidence shows that the moon cannot have such a core; and the moon cannot obtain a magnetic field from other celestial bodies (such as the earth), because if that is the case, it must be very close to the earth. It will be torn apart by Earth's gravity.
2. The legend of the moon and alien civilization
●Many reports in the world say that the United States has deliberately concealed some moon landing information. For example, there are reports that the first landing in the United States In the next picture taken on the lunar month, astronauts discovered more than twenty human footprints on the lunar surface.
Therefore, many people in the world believe that the United States knows many things that people do not know. What are these things? Judging from the information that has gradually been revealed, the United States may have had no choice but to terminate the moon landing plan.
●During the "Apollo 15" moon landing, the receivers on Earth heard a very long whistle. As the tone changed, a twenty-syllable whistle was heard. A phrase that is formed and repeated many times. NASA also did not provide an explanation for this.
●The Soviet Union and the United States had encountered certain civilizations of unknown origin many times during their space voyages. On May 14, 1984, the former Soviet space laboratory "Salyut 6" encountered this civilization in space orbit. The closest distance between the two sides is only 100 meters. It is said that former Soviet astronauts once witnessed these brown-colored outer space creatures with their own eyes. After the two sides sailed parallel for 34 days, the spherical spacecraft finally left and disappeared into the vast sky.
●Recently, the former Soviet Union’s Space Research Department claimed that the U.S. space shuttle Discovery was followed by two UFOs during its voyage. It is said that after the "Discovery" entered orbit, two UFOs (unidentified flying objects) followed it. When the space shuttle arrived in the designated space, the two UFOs disappeared. But when the "Discovery" returned, they appeared again and did not leave until the "Discovery" successfully entered the atmosphere and returned to the ground.
●In 1843, a man named Johann Sirotard observed a 12-kilometer-diameter crater on the moon, which was named the "Linnaeus" crater, but decades later , people strangely found that the "Linnaeus" crater was gradually disappearing. By the 20th century, according to the photos taken by the US "Apollo 15", the current "Linnaeus" crater was only 2.4 kilometers long. Some people think that this phenomenon is caused by lunar volcanoes. However, astrophysics has confirmed that lunar volcanoes stopped tens of millions of years ago. If the moon has a core, it would have cooled and solidified long ago. It is impossible for it to exist here. There is volcanic activity on the stage. Therefore, it is believed that the changes in the "Linnaeus" crater are caused by human factors. To put it bluntly, it was the moon people who modified their protective layer.
3. Appreciating the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival
Whenever the Mid-Autumn Festival comes, appreciating the moon and talking about it have become an enduring topic among people.
Tracing back to the origin of moon appreciation in the Mid-Autumn Festival, according to the "Preface to the Poetry of Wan Yue in Chang'an": "Autumn is in time, summer comes before winter; August comes in autumn, and the season begins and ends; on the night of the 15th, the moon comes again In the middle. According to the way of heaven, the cold and heat are equal, and according to the number of months, the toad soul is round." That is to say, August 15th is in the middle of autumn, so it is called "Mid-Autumn Festival". Why do people love admiring the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival? There is a poem that says: "There is a bright moon at four o'clock, so what is the reason for celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival? It is advisable to hang the jade mirror on the highest head of the Yaotai treasure mirror; it releases thousands of feet of white gold, scattered into the same color as the sky. All things come into my eyes, and the stars are shining. Avoid the light, and the wind and dew will help you to be quiet."
From a seasonal perspective, the Mid-Autumn Festival is the "Autumn Harvest Festival". The grains sown in spring and summer will be harvested in autumn. Since ancient times, people have drank and danced in this season. , celebrating the harvest joyfully, which is described in the "Book of Songs", the earliest collection of poems in my country. In terms of origin, the Mid-Autumn Festival is also the "Moon Sacrifice Festival", which originated from ancient humans' worship of nature. In the ritual system of ancient emperors, there were two sacrifices in spring and autumn: the sun in spring and the moon in autumn. Initially, the day of worshiping the moon was on the "autumn equinox". The season of "autumn equinox" is different every year in August, so there may not necessarily be a moon on the day of the autumnal equinox. It would be a great disgrace to worship the moon without the moon. Gradually, it became a common practice and the day of worshiping the moon was fixed. On August 15th. From scientific observations, the tilt of the earth and the sun increases in autumn, and the warm and humid air over China gradually subsides. At this time, the northwest wind is still very weak. In this way, when the humidity has gone and the dust has not risen, the air looks particularly fresh, the sky is particularly clean, and the moon looks round and big. This is the best time to enjoy the moon. Just as the ancient poem says: "The brilliance is bright and clear. In ancient and modern times, people only appreciate the Mid-Autumn moon. How can it be different from the moonlight? It is all because of the clear air in the world and the sky."
The folk Mid-Autumn moon appreciation activity began around the Wei and Jin Dynasties and flourished. In the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to Song Zhuyi's "Quxiao Old News": "I don't know when the Mid-Autumn moon appreciation started? Archaeologists began to write poems, but it started with Du Zimei." Browsing Tang poetry, there are indeed many Mid-Autumn moon appreciation poems, such as Wang Jianyou's poem : "The moon is round and its color is gradually condensing, and the water in the jade basin is about to invade the edges. I let my family sleep late at night, and there is no lamp left until dawn." Xu Ning's poem goes: "The bright autumn moon is full in August, and Chang'e is holding the cinnamon branches fresh. "Nothing in the year is like this night, and I can't sleep in front of the twelve peaks."
In the Song Dynasty, the folk custom of admiring the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival became even more popular. "Tokyo Menghua Lu" has this description of the grand moon-viewing event in Kyoto in the Northern Song Dynasty: "On the eve of the Mid-Autumn Festival, noble families decorated their pavilions, private families competed for restaurants, played moon music, heard from thousands of miles away, and sat around playing until dawn." "New Edition" "The Drunkard's Talk" records: "The children of the Qingcheng family do not think they are rich or poor and can go to the twelve or three on their own. They all dress up in adult clothes. They go up to the building or worship the moon in the atrium. They have their own expectations. Men are willing to go to the Toad Palace early and climb high. Fairy osmanthus; women wish to look like Chang'e and be as round as the bright moon."
After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when the full moon rose in the east, people would put out moon cakes, grapefruits and pomegranates in courtyards and balconies. , taro, walnuts, peanuts, watermelon and other fruits, while admiring the moon, while talking, until the bright moon is in the sky, then share the fruits for the moon, and have a good time. In my country's ethnic minority areas, on the Mid-Autumn Festival, unique and colorful activities such as "moon worship", "moon making", "moon walking", "moon jumping" and "moon stealing" are also held.
4. Some ancient Chinese moon poems
The bright moon shines brightly at night, prompting the weaving of the east wall. Yuheng refers to Mengdong, why are the stars so clear? White dew touches the weeds, and the seasons suddenly change. The cicadas chirp among the trees in autumn, and the blackbirds pass away peacefully. In the past, I and my fellow disciples held high and vibrated the six feathers. If you don't want to join hands, you will abandon me like a relic. There is a fight in the south and the north, and the oxen is not yoked. If there is no rock solid, what is the use of a false name? ("Nineteen Ancient Poems (Part 7)")
How bright is the bright moon? It shines on my bed curtains. I can't sleep due to sadness, so I pick up my clothes and wander around. Although the trip is pleasant, it is better to return home early. When I left the house, I was wandering alone, wondering who I should complain to. After being led back into the room, I shed tears on my clothes. ("Nineteen Ancient Poems (Nineteen)")
Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" (omitted)
The bright moon rises above the Tianshan Mountains, among the vast sea of ??clouds. The wind blows tens of thousands of miles across Yumen Pass. The Han descended on the white road, and the Hu glanced at the Qinghai Bay. The origin of the battle was that no one returned. The garrisonmen looked at the side with a sad look on their faces as they thought about returning home. The tall building is like this night, sighing is not enough. (Li Bai's "Guan Shan Yue")
A pot of wine among the flowers, drinking alone without any blind date. Raise a glass to invite the bright moon, and make three people in the shadows. The moon doesn't know how to drink, and its shadow follows me. For now, the moon will be shadowed, and we must have fun until spring. My singing moon lingers, my dancing shadows are scattered. They make love together when they are awake, but they separate when they are drunk. We will travel together forever, and we will meet each other in Miao Yunhan. (Li Bai's "Drinking Alone under the Moon")
The moonlight is shining brightly in front of the bed, which is suspected to be frost on the ground. Raise your head to look at the bright moon, lower your head to think about your hometown. (Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts")
The moonlight is deeper than half of the house, and the North Dipper is tilted to the south. Tonight, I know that the spring air is warm, and the sound of insects is new through the green window screen. (Liu Fangping's "Moonlight Night")
The bright moon rises on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time. Lovers complain about the distant night, but they miss each other at night. When the candle is extinguished, the compassion light is full, and when I put on my clothes, I feel the dew. I can't bear to give it away, but I still have a good night's sleep. (Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Huaiyuan")
When I first heard that there were no cicadas in the wild geese, there were hundreds of feet of water reaching the sky. The young girl Su'e can withstand the cold, and she fights with Chanjuan in the frost in the middle of the moon. (Li Shangyin's "Frost Moon")
When will the bright moon come? Ask the sky for wine. I wonder what year it is today in the palace in the sky? I want to ride the wind back home, but I am afraid that the beautiful buildings and jade buildings will be too cold at high places. Dancing to clear the shadows, how does it seem to be in the human world? Turning around the Zhu Pavilion, looking down at the door, the light shines without sleep. There shouldn't be any hatred, so what's the point of being reunited when we say goodbye? People have joys and sorrows, separations and reunions, and the moon waxes and wanes. This is a difficult thing in ancient times. I hope that people will live long and travel thousands of miles to meet Chanjuan. (Su Shi's "Shui Tiao Ge Tou")
Hurry up to the west tower, fearing that the sky will release and the floating clouds will cover the moon. But the jade-fiber horizontal flute cracked with a single blow. Whoever makes curling in the floating world has the most pity for the jade ax repair season. Ask Chang'e, if she is lonely and cold, if she has any worries, she should have a beautiful hair. The jade liquid is full and the cup is slippery. Lift up your long sleeves and sing loudly. Sigh, eighty-nine times out of ten, the desire is still lacking. If it's such a long night, the favor may not be appreciated. Turn the past and separation into joy and say it when you return.
(Xin Qiji's "A River of Red Mid-Autumn Festival Sends Away")
5. Some reference questions for the knowledge competition
●Do you know when humans first landed on the moon?
●Which astronaut from which country set foot on the moon for the first time?
●Do you know what resources are available on the moon?
●The distance between the moon and the earth How far?
●What are the phenomena of "Suo" and "Wang"?
●What is the radius of the moon?
●Why does a "lunar eclipse" occur? "phenomenon?
●What are the large and small "pits" on the moon?
●Why do people become so light when they reach the moon?
●Why does the moon wax and wane?
●What structures of the Earth can be seen on the moon?
●Is the moon a planet?
● What astronomical instruments can you name?
●Why are observatories always built on mountains?
●Why are observatories round?
●The first time in human history Who was the first to start scientific observation of the moon?
●Who are the famous astronomers in Chinese history? What are their outstanding contributions?
●How did the Mid-Autumn Festival come about? ?
●Who are Chang'e and Wu Gang? What is their story?
●Since ancient times, the moon has had many other names. Which ones do you know?
●How did mooncakes come from? What types of mooncakes are there now?
●Whose poem is "The bright moon rises on the sea, the end of the world is at this time"? What does it mean?
●Whose poem is "The dew is white tonight, the moon is bright in my hometown"? How do you understand it?
●Do you know who Blind A Bing is? What is the name of a piece of music he wrote about the moon? ?
●How did Beethoven create "Moonlight"?