I. Hongyan
1. Wild geese are migratory birds, flying south and returning north regularly, which makes it easy for those who are stranded in other places and can't go home regularly to compare themselves and give birth to endless worries. For example:
Where is your hometown? It's leisurely to think about it. In autumn rain in Huainan, geese came from Gaozhai.
-Wei's Yan Wen
Xiaofa combs the water and sits in the cold pond to watch autumn. The heart of the country is endless, and a wild goose crosses the South Tower.
-Zhao Wei's Cold Pond
Wild geese migrate in spring and autumn, and in autumn, wild geese seem to be struggling to fly back to their nests. This scene often affects the homesickness of wanderers. Therefore, poets often use geese to express their feelings and express their deep homesickness.
2. In ancient China, there was a legend that "Scriptures satisfy biography". Because it was difficult for ancient people to communicate with their relatives who went out, the goose was asked to undertake the mission of "messenger". For example:
Wild geese come without evidence, and dreams are hard to return. Leaving hate is like spring grass, still alive.
-Li Yu
Serenade of Peaceful Joy/ Lyrics to the Joy of Peace and Tranquillity
Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.
-Li Qingzhao's Slow Voice
3. Wild geese always migrate in the shape of "human" or "one", so lonely geese (broken geese, solitary hanging, broken hanging) have become poets' images to express their loneliness and wandering. For example:
In the prime of life, the boat is listening to the rain, the river is wide and the clouds are low, and the broken geese are called the west wind.
-Jie Jiang's Yu Meiren? 6? 1 Listening to the rain
Between the vast river and the low-pressure clouds, only a lone goose screams in the cold wind, which looks so lonely, small and helpless. The poet used the image of a lonely goose to express his sad mood of drifting in the stormy waves.
Second, the moon.
People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. People naturally associate people's emotions with the ups and downs of the moon. The full moon reminds me of reunion, and the lack of the moon reminds me of separation. However, life is always divided into many parts, often the moon is short of people, and the full moon is not round. When an old friend sees the moon, it is easy to touch the scene and think of relatives in his hometown.
The most typical is Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night:
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already? I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
Also like Li Yu's Meet You Huan:
Silently alone in the west wing, the moon is like a hook, and the solitary phoenix tree locks the autumn in the deep courtyard. Cut constantly, the reason is still chaotic, in order to leave sorrow, the in the mind has a special taste.
This poem is about parting sadness. The first one is about scenery, and the second one is about lyricism. Late at night in the clear autumn, the poet boarded the West Building alone. From Silence and Loneliness, we can see the depth of his melancholy and the loneliness of his figure. Then he looked up and saw the waning moon as a hook, which was both practical and symbolic. Imagine, even the moon is not complete, where is the hope of world reunion? How much loneliness and sadness will the moon like a hook add to the poet's heart?
Not only that, the moon is also a medium for wanderers to contact their hometown. If a wanderer is a kite flying from his hometown, the moon is a thread. Why don't vagrants get lost? That's because there is a moon! The moon shines with its infinite brilliance on the wanderer and also on the hometown. The wanderer looked up and saw the moon, and sent out many beautiful reverie: Tonight, the hometown under the moon should be as beautiful and quiet as ever. What are all the relatives in my hometown doing?
Such as Du Fu's Moonlit Night:
In Fuzhou, far away, she is looking at the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room, because our boys and girls, poor little babies, are too young to know where the capital is.
This poem was written by the poet in a prison camp in Chang 'an, expressing the poet's thoughts about his wife and family. The poet didn't say that he missed his wife by looking at the moon, but imagined that tonight was the full moon in Zhangzhou, and his wife was looking at the moon alone. Although she has a child with her, the child is too young to understand her mother's mind and cannot share her worries. In this way, the poet's fascination with thousands of miles away is written, full of sadness and emotion, which makes his poems go further.
Third, climb the mountain (climb the stairs and go to the stage)
1. China has a vast territory, and all the literati of the past dynasties have been wandering in different places, and there is no news. Once they climb the building and look into the distance, the scenery of their hometown and the old faces of their loved ones will come to mind one after another and will inevitably come out of it. Therefore, it is a common feeling to look far and cherish the distance:
Now, when I climb this mountain to see you, my heart flies high with the geese. Sadness is often the mood of dusk, and the mood is often the atmosphere of autumn.
-Meng Haoran, "Qiu Deng Wanshan sends Zhang Wu"
Last night, the west wind withered the trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon. Want to send colorful stationery without a ruler, where do you know?
-Yan Shu's "The Recent Flowers"
Without the heart to climb the distance and overlook the distant home, it is difficult to gather the desire to go home. Sigh for many years, why stay!
-Liu Yong's Klang Ganzhou
2. Climbing high and standing on the top of a mountain or a high platform is actually the intersection of boundless space and eternal time. Facing the boundless space, people will more and more truly feel the smallness of individuals being placed between heaven and earth; Facing the eternal time, people will feel the shortness of life more and more painfully. This personal sense of insignificance and the shortness of life will inspire people to ask their own life value urgently. The result of questioning is often: life is like sending, youth is fleeting, ambition is not paid, and France and China have been born. Therefore, climbing mountains can easily lead to the sadness of not satisfying one's talents and not paying one's ambitions.
The most representative is Chen Ziang's Youzhou Tower:
No one can see the ancient wisdom of the ancient king, only those wise men who can't see the afterlife can see it. Only the boundless universe, boundless, can't stop the tears full of sadness.
Ambitious people were repeatedly attacked for pointing out Chen's shortcomings. This poem is about him stepping onto the stage and overlooking. The first two sentences are about the past and present, and they are about the length of time. The third sentence, write "heaven and earth", that is, the vastness of space. The fourth sentence is written in the big background, and there stands an image of a poet who feels lonely and sad because he is useless. The poet shed tears in the wind, and was generous and sad, which won the strong sense of * * * of countless talented people in later generations.